嚴(yán) 麗,李清懷,申 偉,張霖雷,李筱雨,趙蘇遠(yuǎn)
(河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院甲狀腺乳腺外科,河北 石家莊 050000)
?
甲狀腺全切術(shù)對(duì)甲狀旁腺功能的影響
嚴(yán)麗,李清懷,申偉,張霖雷,李筱雨,趙蘇遠(yuǎn)
(河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第二醫(yī)院甲狀腺乳腺外科,河北 石家莊 050000)
目的探討甲狀腺全切術(shù)后血鈣、血鎂、血磷和血清甲狀旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone, PTH)水平的變化及意義。方法選取甲狀腺全切術(shù)患者129例(甲狀腺乳頭狀癌82例,結(jié)節(jié)性甲狀腺腫和甲狀腺腺瘤47例),監(jiān)測(cè)所有患者術(shù)前和術(shù)后30 min、1 d、3 d的血鈣、血鎂、血磷和血PTH水平;并分析患者性別、年齡、術(shù)前促甲狀腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平、術(shù)中識(shí)別甲狀旁腺數(shù)和病理類型與術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷所致低鈣血癥間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)組術(shù)后血鈣、血鎂和PTH水平均呈下降趨勢(shì),且血鈣和血鎂水平以術(shù)后1 d下降最為明顯,PTH水平在術(shù)后30 min即出現(xiàn)明顯下降。 血鈣水平在不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)組組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),在組間·不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。血鎂和PTH水平在不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)組組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間以及組間·不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。血磷在不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)組組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間以及組間·不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。129例甲狀腺全切術(shù)患者中又分為血鈣正常亞組77例(59.7%),低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組31例(24.0%),低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組21例(16.3%)。低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組和低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組乳頭狀癌檢出率高于血鈣正常亞組(P<0.05)。血鈣正常亞組、低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組和低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組性別、年齡、術(shù)前TSH水平以及術(shù)中識(shí)別甲狀旁腺數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論手術(shù)范圍和甲狀腺癌可能是術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷的影響因素。 甲狀腺術(shù)后血PTH監(jiān)測(cè)較血鈣更敏感。 甲狀腺術(shù)后低鈣血癥多合并低鎂血癥,補(bǔ)鈣同時(shí)應(yīng)補(bǔ)鎂。
甲狀腺全切除術(shù);甲狀旁腺損傷;低鈣血癥doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2016.10.014
近些年,甲狀腺疾病的發(fā)病率逐年升高,甲狀腺手術(shù)導(dǎo)致甲狀旁腺損傷引起的低鈣血癥是目前最困擾甲狀腺外科醫(yī)生的一種并發(fā)癥,其發(fā)生率為1.6%~50%,其中永久性低鈣血癥的發(fā)生率為1.5%~4%[1]。因此,在手術(shù)中準(zhǔn)確地辨識(shí)并有效保護(hù)甲狀旁腺是甲狀腺外科醫(yī)生必須掌握的技能;了解甲狀腺手術(shù)過(guò)程中與甲狀旁腺損傷相關(guān)的一些臨床病理因素,對(duì)于幫助甲狀腺外科醫(yī)生預(yù)防術(shù)后低鈣血癥的發(fā)生也具有重要的臨床指導(dǎo)意義。本研究回顧性分析129例行甲狀腺全切術(shù)患者的臨床資料,探討可能與甲狀腺術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷相關(guān)的臨床病理因素,希望對(duì)幫助甲狀腺外科醫(yī)生減少術(shù)后低鈣血癥具有指導(dǎo)意義?,F(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1一般資料選取2014年5月—2015年6月我科收治的行甲狀腺全切術(shù)的患者129例,其中甲狀腺乳頭狀癌82例,結(jié)節(jié)性甲狀腺腫或甲狀腺腺瘤47例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①所有患者均為初次手術(shù);②術(shù)前甲狀腺功能、血鈣、血鎂、血磷和甲狀旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)均正常;③無(wú)明顯腎功能不全。按照手術(shù)術(shù)式不同分為:甲狀腺全切術(shù)組47例,男性4例,女43例,年齡37~66歲,平均(55.7±8.8)歲;甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)組46例,男性8例,女性38例,年齡17~65歲,平均(43.3±12.7)歲;甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)組 36例(其中3例同時(shí)行單側(cè)Ⅱ~Ⅴ區(qū)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù),3例同時(shí)行雙側(cè)Ⅱ~Ⅴ區(qū)淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)),男性4例,女性32例,年齡30~72歲,平均(45.9±12.9)歲。另外選取結(jié)節(jié)性甲狀腺腫行甲狀腺部分切除術(shù)患者18例作為對(duì)照組,男性1例,女性17例,年齡37~64歲,平均(46.4±11.7)歲。4組間性別差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),甲狀腺全切組年齡較其他組大(P<0.05)。
1.2診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)本院檢驗(yàn)科正常值范圍:血鈣2.25~2.75 mmol/L,血鎂0.73~1.06 mmol/L,血磷0.96~1.62 mmol/L,PTH 1.3~9.3 pmol/L。以上各指標(biāo)低于正常值下限,診斷為低血鈣、低血鎂、低血磷及甲狀旁腺功能減退。低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀:無(wú)臨床表現(xiàn),僅出現(xiàn)血鈣下降(低于正常值下限)。低鈣血癥有癥狀:血鈣下降,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)面部手足麻木、刺痛,甚至搐搦等臨床表現(xiàn)。
1.3觀察指標(biāo)所有患者分別檢測(cè)術(shù)前和術(shù)后10 min、1 d、3 d血鈣、血鎂、血磷和血PTH的水平。并分析性別、年齡、術(shù)前甲狀腺激素(thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH)水平、術(shù)中辨識(shí)甲狀旁腺數(shù)和病理診斷與術(shù)后低鈣血癥之間的關(guān)系。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。計(jì)量資料比較分別采用重復(fù)測(cè)量的方差分析、單因素方差分析和SNK-q檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)式不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)血鈣、血鎂、血磷和PTH變化甲狀腺全切組、甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃組和甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃組術(shù)后血鈣、血鎂和PTH均呈下降趨勢(shì),血鈣和血鎂術(shù)后1 d下降最為明顯,PTH術(shù)后30 min即出現(xiàn)明顯下降,術(shù)后3 d稍回升。4組血鈣組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),而組間·不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。4組血鎂和PTH組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間以及組間·不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。4組血磷組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間以及組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間交互作用差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)式不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)血鈣、血鎂、血磷和PTH濃度比較
組別 例數(shù)血鈣(mmol/L)術(shù)前術(shù)后30min術(shù)后1d術(shù)后3d甲狀腺全切472.53±0.112.36±0.182.25±0.252.35±0.04甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃462.53±0.192.36±0.142.26±0.192.29±0.10甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃362.52±0.092.22±0.212.18±0.192.28±0.05甲狀腺部分切除182.50±0.152.30±0.122.39±0.042.48±0.11組間F=2.880 P=0.048時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=27.037 P=0.000組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=2.061 P=0.061組別 例數(shù)血鎂(mmol/L)術(shù)前術(shù)后30min術(shù)后1d術(shù)后3d甲狀腺全切470.86±0.090.84±0.110.81±0.080.90±0.14甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃460.85±0.040.82±0.070.78±0.070.84±0.15甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃360.92±0.030.79±0.140.75±0.050.77±0.16甲狀腺部分切除180.86±0.050.81±0.090.82±0.101.06±0.27組間F=2.767 P=0.049時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=9.694 P=0.000組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=4.026 P=0.001組別 例數(shù)血磷(mmol/L)術(shù)前術(shù)后30min術(shù)后1d術(shù)后3d甲狀腺全切471.15±0.221.11±0.331.16±0.201.29±0.29甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃461.29±0.141.11±0.311.24±0.241.27±0.29甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃361.21±0.111.04±0.171.22±0.221.14±0.29甲狀腺部分切除181.20±0.091.13±0.281.11±0.101.14±0.13組間F=1.187 P=0.327時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=2.758 P=0.056組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=0.751 P=0.640組別 例數(shù)PTH(pmol/L)術(shù)前術(shù)后30min術(shù)后1d術(shù)后3d甲狀腺全切473.01±1.211.50±1.071.77±0.742.01±0.27甲狀腺全切+單側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃463.98±2.230.73±0.571.03±0.771.14±0.39甲狀腺全切+雙側(cè)Ⅵ區(qū)清掃363.35±1.660.60±0.720.60±0.630.79±0.30甲狀腺部分切除183.78±2.742.89±2.462.95±0.542.61±0.27組間F=10.684 P=0.000時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=30.762 P=0.000組間·時(shí)點(diǎn)間F=2.242 P=0.049
2.2129例不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)術(shù)后1 d發(fā)生低鈣血癥的相關(guān)臨床病理因素分析129例不同甲狀腺全切術(shù)術(shù)后根據(jù)血鈣水平再次分為血鈣正常亞組77例(59.7%),低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組31例(24.0%),低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組21例(16.3%)。不同血鈣水平亞組性別、年齡和術(shù)前TSH水平、術(shù)中識(shí)別甲狀旁腺數(shù)差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組和低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組乳頭狀癌發(fā)病率高于血鈣正常亞組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 129例甲狀腺全切術(shù)后1 d發(fā)生低鈣血癥的相關(guān)臨床病理因素分析Table 2 Relative factors analysis on 129 patients with hypocalcemia in postoperative 1 d after total thyroidectomy
*P<0.05與血鈣正常組比較(χ2檢驗(yàn))
甲狀腺手術(shù)過(guò)程中,醫(yī)生應(yīng)仔細(xì)將甲狀旁腺分離,并保留其有效血供,即便如此,偶爾也會(huì)驚訝“可見(jiàn)甲狀旁腺組織”病理報(bào)告。甲狀腺全切術(shù)是甲狀腺外科最為常見(jiàn)的一種術(shù)式,全切過(guò)程中術(shù)者要分離全部4個(gè)甲狀旁腺,相對(duì)于甲狀腺部分切除和大部切除對(duì)甲狀旁腺損傷的概率大大增加。因此,了解與甲狀旁腺損傷相關(guān)的臨床病理因素會(huì)幫助醫(yī)生最大限度地避免甲狀旁腺損傷。
傳統(tǒng)上診斷甲狀腺術(shù)后低鈣血癥主要依靠臨床表現(xiàn)和血鈣水平,但是術(shù)后血鈣水平受多種因素影響,往往不能準(zhǔn)確地反映甲狀旁腺損傷程度,容易造成診斷延誤。而血PTH的半衰期為3~5 min,其改變先于血鈣,具有更高的敏感度和特異度,可提前預(yù)測(cè)低鈣血癥的發(fā)生[2-4]。Sebastian等[1]分析了87例行甲狀腺全切術(shù)的病例資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)所有病例在術(shù)后24 h內(nèi)均未出現(xiàn)血鈣下降和低鈣的臨床表現(xiàn),而有癥狀的低鈣血癥組在甲狀腺切除后10 min就出現(xiàn)PTH顯著下降。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),大約83%的甲狀腺全切患者術(shù)后1 h就出現(xiàn)血PTH顯著下降,認(rèn)為血PTH預(yù)測(cè)低鈣血癥在甲狀腺術(shù)后1 h~1 d最有意義[5-8]。同時(shí)對(duì)術(shù)后PTH水平定量分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)后PTH<6 ng/L(或<10 ng/L或<15 ng/L)是預(yù)測(cè)低鈣血癥較可靠的方法,在此情況下需給予更高劑量的鈣劑和維生素D進(jìn)行預(yù)防性治療。本研究結(jié)果顯示,所有行甲狀腺全切的患者術(shù)后血鈣和PTH均呈下降趨勢(shì),且血鈣在術(shù)后1 d時(shí)下降最為明顯,PTH在術(shù)后30 min即出現(xiàn)明顯下降。這說(shuō)明術(shù)后監(jiān)測(cè)血PTH較血鈣具有更高的敏感度和特異度。PTH促進(jìn)機(jī)體從腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)液中吸收鈣、鎂,并減少磷的吸收,增加血鈣、鎂濃度,減低血磷濃度。甲狀腺術(shù)后血鎂下降非常普遍,尤其是低鈣血癥患者,但血磷與血鈣的變化無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性[1]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后血鎂的變化與血鈣趨勢(shì)一致,合并低鈣血癥患者多在術(shù)后1 d出現(xiàn)低鎂血癥;術(shù)后血磷的波動(dòng)不大。因此,認(rèn)為術(shù)后低鈣和低鎂常同時(shí)存在,補(bǔ)鈣同時(shí)需要補(bǔ)鎂。
甲狀腺手術(shù)范圍與術(shù)后低鈣血癥的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)密切相關(guān),即手術(shù)范圍越大發(fā)生術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大[9]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,血鈣、血鎂和PTH在不同甲狀腺全切組的組間、不同時(shí)點(diǎn)間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);低鈣血癥無(wú)癥狀亞組和低鈣血癥有癥狀亞組乳頭狀癌發(fā)病率高于血鈣正常亞組(P<0.05)。這說(shuō)明手術(shù)范圍越大對(duì)甲狀旁腺造成的干擾越明顯。甲狀旁腺的血供多來(lái)源于甲狀腺下動(dòng)脈,中央?yún)^(qū)淋巴結(jié)清掃會(huì)增加甲狀旁腺血供損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),進(jìn)而造成術(shù)后低鈣血癥的發(fā)生。
甲狀腺手術(shù)導(dǎo)致甲狀旁腺損傷的原因主要有2種:誤切和血供障礙。第一種情況多是由于解剖變異或醫(yī)生經(jīng)驗(yàn)造成的,其發(fā)生率約為5%~20%。雖然很多資料證實(shí)切除1個(gè)旁腺并不會(huì)引起術(shù)后低鈣血癥,但是會(huì)大大增加術(shù)后低鈣的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。因此,手術(shù)中仔細(xì)檢查標(biāo)本,能顯著降低甲狀腺旁腺誤切的發(fā)生率;在明確甲狀旁腺被誤除或缺血的情況下行自體移植能明顯降低術(shù)后發(fā)生永久性甲狀旁腺功能減退的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Song等[10]統(tǒng)計(jì)了454例甲狀腺乳頭狀癌行甲狀腺全切的病例資料,發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)中辨識(shí)甲狀旁腺的數(shù)目越多,術(shù)后發(fā)生暫時(shí)性低鈣血癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越低;保留至少1個(gè)血供完好的甲狀旁腺可以避免永久性低鈣血癥的發(fā)生。這說(shuō)明術(shù)中僅僅明確甲狀旁腺數(shù)目不夠,保留其血供更為重要。 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),80%的甲狀腺術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷是由于旁腺的血供障礙所導(dǎo)致的。甲狀旁腺血供來(lái)源與其位置密切相關(guān),靠近氣管食管溝的甲狀旁腺其動(dòng)脈多由甲狀腺后動(dòng)脈發(fā)出,遠(yuǎn)離甲狀腺上下動(dòng)脈的甲狀旁腺多由甲狀腺表面的血管分支供血。Thompson[11]提出甲狀腺“被膜解剖法”,即緊靠甲狀腺真被膜解剖,保留甲狀腺下動(dòng)脈至甲狀腺被膜間的組織,多可保留甲狀旁腺的血供。本研究結(jié)果顯示,甲狀腺全切術(shù)后1 d,血鈣正常組中術(shù)中辨識(shí)甲狀旁腺的數(shù)目略高于低鈣血癥組,但是差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。這說(shuō)明相對(duì)于術(shù)中明確甲狀旁腺的數(shù)目來(lái)說(shuō),保留甲狀旁腺的有效血供更為重要。因此,甲狀腺全切術(shù)中要盡量識(shí)別并保護(hù)所有甲狀旁腺及其血供,把每個(gè)甲狀旁腺都當(dāng)作最后一個(gè)旁腺來(lái)對(duì)待。
綜上所述,甲狀腺術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷往往是多因素作用的結(jié)果。作為甲狀腺外科醫(yī)生務(wù)必熟悉甲狀旁腺解剖;嚴(yán)格掌握甲狀腺全切的適應(yīng)證;手術(shù)操作輕柔,避免不必要的鉗夾、牽拉和熱損傷;并要了解影響甲狀旁腺損傷的臨床病理因素。近些年納米炭作為淋巴示蹤劑被應(yīng)用到甲狀腺手術(shù)中。納米炭注射入甲狀腺中使得甲狀腺和淋巴結(jié)黑染,而甲狀旁腺不被染色,即“負(fù)顯影”,進(jìn)而達(dá)到保護(hù)甲狀旁腺的目的。對(duì)于復(fù)雜的甲狀腺手術(shù)可考慮應(yīng)用納米炭最大限度降低術(shù)后甲狀旁腺損傷的發(fā)生率[12]。
[1]Sebastian M,Rudnicki J,Jakubaszko W,et al. Clinical and biochemical factors affecting postoperative hypocalcemia after near-total thyroidectomy[J]. Adv Clin Exp Med,2013,22(5):675-682.
[2]Lee DR,Hinson AM,Siegel ER,et al. Comparison of intraoperative versus postoperative parathyroid hormone levels to predict hypocalcemia earlier after total thyroidectomy[J]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg,2015,153(3):343-349.
[3]周曉麗,饒一武,朱梅.甲狀腺癌術(shù)后血鈣及血清甲狀旁腺激素檢測(cè)的臨床意義[J].熱帶醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2015,15(2):237-240.
[4]Carr AA,Yen TW,Fareau GG,et al. A single parathyroid hormone level obtained 4 hours after total thyroidectomy predicts the need for postoperative calcium supplementain[J]. J Am Coll Surq,2014,219(4):757-764.
[5]White MG, James BC,Nocon C,et al. One-hour PTH after thyroidectomy predicts symptomatic hypocalcemia[J]. J Surq Res,2016,201(2):473-479.
[6]Carter Y,Chen H,Sippel RS. An intact parathyroid hormone-based protocol for the prevention and treatment of symptomatic hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy[J]. J Surg Res,2014,186(1):23-28.
[7]AlQahtani A, Parsyan A, Payne R,et al. Parathyroid hormone levels 1 hour after thyroidectomy:an early predictor of postoperative hypocalcemia[J]. Can J Surq, 2014,57(4):237-240.
[8]Chow TL,Choi CY,Chiu AN. Postoperative PTH monitoring of hypocalcemia expedites discharge after thyroidectomy[J]. Am J Otolarynqol,2014,35(6):736-740.
[9]阮立為,黃黎明,王弈犀.甲狀腺術(shù)后低鈣血癥分析[J].河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2011,32(1):40-42.
[10]Song CM,Jung JH,Ji YB,et al. Relationship between hypoparathyroidism and the number of parathyroid glands preserved during thyroidectomy[J]. World J Surg Oncol,2014,12:200.
[11]Thompaon LD. Parathyroid carcinoma[J]. Ear Nose Throat J,2009,88(1):722-724.
[12]劉曉嶺,曾資平,韓彬,等.甲狀腺內(nèi)納米炭注射對(duì)甲狀腺癌手術(shù)中甲狀旁腺辨識(shí)保護(hù)的指導(dǎo)作用[J].哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2015,49(3):239-242.
(本文編輯:許卓文)
·論著·
·論著·
[收稿日期]2016-04-13;[修回日期]2016-06-04
[基金項(xiàng)目]河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(ZD20140260)
[作者簡(jiǎn)介]張玲玲(1983-),女,河北滄州人,河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第
二醫(yī)院主管護(hù)師,醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)士,從事臨床護(hù)理學(xué)研究。
Analysis of the related factors of the effect of total thyroidectomy on parathyroid function
YAN Li, LI Qing-huai, SHEN Wei, ZHANG Lin-lei, LI Xiao-yu, ZHAO Su-yuan
(Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China)
ObjectiveTo assess the variety and significance of serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone(PTH), and related clinical risk factors of parathyroid injury after total thyroidectomy. MethodsOne hundred and twenty-nine patients with total thyroidectomy, consisting of 82 cases with thyroid papillary carcinoma and 47 cases with Nodular goiter and thyroid adenoma, were retrospectively studied. Levels of serum calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphorus and PTH before operation and 30 minutes, 1 d, 3 d after operation were measured respectively,and age, gender, preoperative thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), intraoperative identification of parathyroid glands, pathologic diagnosis were counted. And then the relationship between the above factors and hypocalcemia which affected by parathyroid injury after operation were analyzed respectively. ResultsSerum calcium , magnesium and PTH levels after operation in total thyroidectomy patients were all lower than those before operation, especially serum calcium and magnesium levels in 1 day after operation decreased significantly, and serum PTH levels declined in 30 minutes after operation. There were statistically significant differences on serum calcium levels in different thyroidectomy groups or different time points(P<0.05), but there was no significant interaction between the two groups at the same timeP>0.05). And there were also statistically significant differences on serum magnesium and PTH in different groups, different time points and the interaction between the two groups(P<0.05), while there was no significant difference in the interaction of serum phosphorus in different groups of all the groups, between different points, and between the two groups(P>0.05). Among 129 cases with total thyroidectomy, 77 cases(59.7%) were normal serum calcium, 31 cases(24.0%) were asymptomatic hypocalcemia, and 21 cases were symptomatic hypocalcemia. The risk of hypocalcemia thyroid cancer underwent total thyroidectomy group after surgery was significantly higher than that in benign thyroid disease group(P<0.05). The identification number and the age, gender, parathyroid surgery preoperative TSH level and postoperative hypocalcemia were not statistically significant(P>0.05). ConclusionThe scope of operation and thyroid cancer may be the influencing factors of parathyroid injury after operation. After thyroid surgery, blood PTH monitoring is more sensitive than serum calcium monitoring. Low serum calcium after thyroid surgery is often accompany with low serum magnesium, so serum calcium supplement needs serum magnesium supplement at the same time.
total thyroidectomy; parathyroid injury; hypocalcemia
R653
A
1007-3205(2016)10-1170-05
2016-07-06;
2016-07-22
河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題(2012114)
董梅(1973-),女,河北石家莊人,河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)第
。E-mail:xuemeizhang78@163.com
三醫(yī)院主管護(hù)師,醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)士,從事醫(yī)療器械清洗、消毒及感染控制研
究。