張慧明+鄭常青+徐學(xué)純+徐久磊+韓曉萌+周曉萍
摘 要:南非林波波帶中央帶Sand River地區(qū)存在高壓基性麻粒巖,其峰期礦物組合為石榴石+單斜輝石+石英+鈦鐵礦+磁鐵礦。巖石學(xué)研究表明,該高壓麻粒巖經(jīng)歷了兩期退變質(zhì)作用,早期退變質(zhì)階段以斜方輝石和斜長(zhǎng)石的出現(xiàn)為特征,晚期退變質(zhì)階段以角閃石的出現(xiàn)為特征。傳統(tǒng)溫壓計(jì)計(jì)算表明:高壓麻粒巖峰期變質(zhì)溫度為820 ℃~900 ℃,壓力為13.5~15.4 kbar;早期退變質(zhì)的形成溫壓為800 ℃~890 ℃和8.8~11.2 kbar;晚期退變質(zhì)條件為540 ℃~650 ℃和2.7~4.4 kbar。其退變質(zhì)作用P-T軌跡為順時(shí)針型近等溫降壓到降溫降壓的過(guò)程。高壓麻粒巖經(jīng)歷的這種順時(shí)針P-T軌跡通常發(fā)育在大陸碰撞環(huán)境,指示其形成可能與津巴布韋克拉通、卡普瓦爾克拉通在碰撞后地殼快速剝露事件有關(guān),這對(duì)探討林波波帶中央帶的構(gòu)造演化具有重要意義。
關(guān)鍵詞:變質(zhì)作用;高壓麻粒巖;P-T軌跡;林波波帶;大陸碰撞;Sand River地區(qū);南非
中圖分類號(hào):P588.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1672-6561(2016)05-0612-11
Abstract: High-pressure mafic granulite with a peak mineral assemblage of garnet+clinopyroxene+quartz+ilmenite+magnetite was found in Sand River area of the central zone of Limpopo Belt, South Africa. The high-pressure granulite experiences two stages of retrograde metamorphism. Early retrograde metamorphic stage is characterized by the appearance of orthopyroxene and plagioclase; late retrograde metamorphic stage is characterized by the appearance of amphibole. P-T estimates suggests that the peak metamorphic conditions are 820 ℃-900 ℃ and 13.5-15.4 kbar, which retrogress from the post-peak phase at 800 ℃-890 ℃and 8.8-11.2 kbar to the amphibolite facies at 540 ℃-650 ℃and 2.7-4.4 kbar. The three stages define a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression and cooling following the peak high-pressure metamorphism. The granulites experience this clockwise P-T paths, and usually develop in the continental collision setting. It means that the formation of high-pressure granulite relates to the crust fast stripping event after the collision of Zimbabwe craton and Kaapvaal craton. It is important for exploring the tectonic evolution in the central zone of Limpopo Belt.
Key words: metamorphism; high-pressure granulite; P-T path; Limpopo Belt; continental collision; Sand River area; South Africa
0 引 言
南非林波波帶(Limpopo Belt)是一個(gè)存在于津巴布韋克拉通與卡普瓦爾克拉通之間的太古代到元古代高級(jí)變質(zhì)地帶[1-7]。林波波帶作為位于兩個(gè)太古宙花崗巖—綠巖省之間(即津巴布韋克拉通與卡普瓦爾克拉通之間)高級(jí)變質(zhì)帶的獨(dú)特例子,被普遍認(rèn)為是卡普瓦爾克拉通與津巴布韋克拉通碰撞的產(chǎn)物[7-10]。林波波帶3個(gè)分帶的變質(zhì)作用連同它們的巖漿作用和變形作用特征都?xì)w因于“林波波造山作用”——津巴布韋克拉通與卡普瓦爾克拉通安第斯—喜馬拉雅型陸陸碰撞事件[2,11-12]。巖漿作用和變質(zhì)作用的時(shí)間、類型和范圍,近些年來(lái)許多學(xué)者都做了大量研究。他們已經(jīng)做出了林波波帶北邊緣帶、中央帶及南邊緣帶不同的壓力(P)-溫度(T)-時(shí)間(t)軌跡[6,13-23],同時(shí)也引出了關(guān)于林波波帶構(gòu)造演化的許多爭(zhēng)論。
中央帶一般麻粒巖的減壓事件已經(jīng)被許多學(xué)者認(rèn)可[13-14],并且被認(rèn)為是代表了津巴布韋克拉通與卡普瓦爾克拉通碰撞后地殼的快速剝露事件[13,24]。但對(duì)于中央帶高壓麻粒巖變質(zhì)情況卻鮮有報(bào)道。高壓麻粒巖既可形成于匯聚型構(gòu)造環(huán)境(如俯沖帶、碰撞帶等),也可形成于伸展型構(gòu)造環(huán)境(如島弧底部)[25-26]。研究高壓麻粒巖的變質(zhì)作用和P-T-t軌跡已成為建立造山帶演化構(gòu)造模式的最重要途徑之一。因此,研究大陸碰撞帶內(nèi)部的麻粒巖對(duì)認(rèn)識(shí)區(qū)域大地構(gòu)造演化具有重要意義。南非林波波帶中央帶Sand River地區(qū)高壓麻粒巖為研究該區(qū)地殼演化的特殊性提供了良好條件。本文研究南非林波波帶中央帶Sand River地區(qū)存在的高壓麻粒巖的巖石學(xué)、礦物學(xué)特征,通過(guò)溫壓計(jì)確定其各階段的變質(zhì)溫壓條件,并初步探討其形成的大地構(gòu)造背景。