王輝
[摘 要]本文主要采用了模糊數(shù)學(xué)中的相關(guān)關(guān)系知識點對不同體育專項成績之間的相互影響程度進行了計算,為同學(xué)們進行體育鍛煉提供了建議。
[關(guān)鍵詞]體育,素質(zhì),耐力,專項,相關(guān)關(guān)系
中圖分類號:G807.0 文獻標(biāo)識碼:A 文章編號:1009-914X(2016)18-0234-01
每個班級總有幾個不愿意參加體育活動的同學(xué),他們認(rèn)為自己跑不快也跳不高,所以想當(dāng)然的認(rèn)為自己不可能擅長任何體育項目,所以總是找各種借口逃避參加體育活動,久而久之,身體素質(zhì)也在下降,失去了年輕人應(yīng)該具有的耐力和敏捷程度等。事實上,即使有多種體育項目不擅長也不能構(gòu)成不擅長所有體育項目的充分條件。下面將通過分別統(tǒng)計對比15名女同學(xué)和15名男同學(xué)在體育不同專項上的成績并計算其相關(guān)關(guān)系的方法來說明這一論點。
考慮到女生和男生身體素質(zhì)方面的差異以及所測成績的項目不完全相同的實際情況,下面將分別對女生和男生的體育分項成績的相關(guān)關(guān)系進行計算。從本校某班級按學(xué)號從前往后各選取15名女生和15名男生,體育分項成績測評數(shù)據(jù)見表1:
說明:1、中長跑測得是1500米跑步時間,由于表格中出現(xiàn)的其他分項均以計數(shù)得分,計數(shù)與得分成正比,而1500米成績以時間計分,時間長短與分?jǐn)?shù)是反比關(guān)系,為方便后面的計算和分析,將1500米成績直接以分?jǐn)?shù)形式給出。
2、籃球成績:為罰球線上定點投籃,每人10次機會計進球數(shù)。
3、仰臥起坐成績:為1分鐘內(nèi)計數(shù)。
4、排球成績:個人顛球數(shù)目,以球落地結(jié)束一次計數(shù)。
5、引體向上成績:以落地結(jié)束一次計數(shù)。
兩個模糊集、之間的接近程度可以用貼近度函數(shù)來描述,
距離貼近度:。
下面通過計算抽取的15位女同學(xué)對應(yīng)的3門體育專項成績指標(biāo)之間的貼近程度來分析各專項成績評價指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)程度的大小。首先15位女同學(xué)對應(yīng)的3個專項成績評價指標(biāo)的相對隸屬度值經(jīng)過歸一化處理后得到:
(中長跑成績)=(0.059,0.072,0.068,0.068,0.072,0.068,0.064,0.064,0.067,0.065,0.061,0.070,0.063,0.067,0.072)
(籃球成績)=(0.048,0.048,0.079,0.063,0.048,0.048,0.048,0.048,0.111,0.063,0.095,0.095,0.079,0.063,0.063)
(仰臥起坐成績)=(0.090,0.060,0.068,0.068,0.068,0.068,0.080,0.090,0.040,0.053,0.045,0.045,0.058,0.068,0.098)
計算結(jié)果見下表,
下面再來計算抽取的15位男同學(xué)對應(yīng)的3門體育專項成績指標(biāo)之間的貼近程度來分析各專項成績評價指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)程度的大小。首先15位男同學(xué)對應(yīng)的3個專項成績評價指標(biāo)的相對隸屬度值經(jīng)過歸一化處理后得到:
(中長跑成績)=(0.060,0.072,0.072,0.070,0.068,0.053,0.064,0.067,0.069,0.066,0.075,0.063,0.066,0.063,0.072)
(排球成績)=(0.076,0.122,0.052,0.041,0.038,0.049,0.052,0.055,0.049,0.041,0.122,0.047,0.110,0.035,0.110)
(引體向上成績)=(0.076,0.101,0.063,0.076,0.063,0.038,0.051,0.051,0.038,0.063,0.101,0.063,0.089,0.038,0.089)
計算結(jié)果見下表,
男生各分項成績評價指標(biāo)之間的相關(guān)程度:
由擇近原則可知,無論是第一組三個模糊集、和之間,還是第二組三個模糊集、和之間都沒有非常貼近的,不論是女生測評的三項還是男生測評的三項,各項成績之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系都不是很高。這說明一個專項的成績好并不能意味著別的項目成績也好,同樣的道理,一個專項的成績不好,也不能說明其他的項目就一定練不好?,F(xiàn)在大多數(shù)的高校體育課程安排都是非常豐富多彩的,既考慮到大多數(shù)同學(xué)鍛煉的實際情況也有人性化的安排。所以建議同學(xué)們不要輕易的否定自己,多進行嘗試找到自己喜歡并且較為擅長的項目進行鍛煉,提高自身的身體素質(zhì)。
參考文獻
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[2] 羅承忠.模糊集引論(上下冊)[M].北京:北京師范大學(xué)出版社,1989.