□ 文/本刊記者 李靜

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外國攝影師的重慶緣分

□ 文/本刊記者 李靜

“一千個(gè)讀者有一千個(gè)哈姆雷特。”每個(gè)人對(duì)同一幅畫、同一首詩歌、同一部電影的理解都不盡相同。因此每一個(gè)個(gè)體對(duì)一座城市的解讀更是千差萬別。作為一個(gè)土生土長的重慶人，難免對(duì)重慶產(chǎn)生一種“情人眼里出西施”的偏愛。而在外國友人的眼里，重慶又是怎樣的呢？

隨著重慶在世界的影響力越來越大，每年來重慶旅游的外國人日益增多，常駐重慶的外籍人士也有一萬多，重慶的獨(dú)特魅力不僅吸引著國人，也吸引了許多外國攝影師來到重慶，用手里的相機(jī)拍攝他們眼里不一樣的城市風(fēng)情。本期，我們來看看有哪些外國攝影師為重慶拍下了珍貴的畫面，看看他們眼中的重慶是一座怎樣的城市。

Sidney David Gamble 西德尼·戴維·甘博

他是美國著名的中國專家，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家，同時(shí)也是一名狂熱的業(yè)余攝影師。他在1908至1932年期間4次造訪中國，其中包括了問卷調(diào)查、實(shí)地訪問、拍攝照片及影片。1917～1919年，他在對(duì)中國考察時(shí)，也在重慶拍攝了一組照片。在重慶，甘博到了萬州、涪陵、銅梁、云陽等地，拍攝了許多當(dāng)時(shí)的重慶人民生活的情況，從他的照片里也反映出了一系列的社會(huì)民生。

Carl Mydans 卡爾·邁當(dāng)斯

1940年夏天，美國《生活》雜志攝影師Carl Mydans及妻子，與其他美國記者一起踏上亞洲之行，第一站，便是重慶。他為當(dāng)時(shí)的重慶留下了一組珍貴的影像，這組難得的照片極大地反映了當(dāng)時(shí)山城人民的生活狀態(tài)。其中還包含兩張重慶火鍋的照片，這也是反映重慶火鍋店?duì)I業(yè)歷史最早的照片，它們承載了火鍋歷史的文化底蘊(yùn)。

Dmitri Kessel 德米特里·凱塞爾

美國《生活》雜志攝影師Dmitri Kessel63年前的三峽之行，雖然因故沒能在《生活》雜志上公諸于世，但無意間，幾十年后喚回遠(yuǎn)逝的三峽往事。日前，由他于1946年拍攝的整組長江三峽老照片首度在中國公開，背后一段鮮為人知的拍攝故事隨之浮出水面。

三峽之行，被凱塞爾認(rèn)為是在《生活》工作期間最特別的經(jīng)歷?！渡睢凤@然很喜歡這個(gè)舉世矚目的題材，對(duì)拍攝活動(dòng)不吝巨資，準(zhǔn)備濃墨重彩。當(dāng)年壯美的夔門景觀、峭壁之上險(xiǎn)峻的古棧道、劈波斬浪的行船、高唱號(hào)子的纖夫等自然景觀、人文生態(tài)為凱塞爾一一捕捉，并成為記錄三峽往事的稀世之作。

“《生活》雜志很喜歡這個(gè)關(guān)于長江的故事，已排出了15個(gè)頁面的照片”，1993年，年過89歲的凱塞爾曾在一次公開場合談到這段難忘的拍攝經(jīng)歷，“當(dāng)時(shí)與我一起干的還有約翰·漢西，他寫了一整頁的文字說明，是關(guān)于那些長江上的纖夫的。那些纖夫用繩子把船逆流拉上去，就像伏爾加河上的纖夫?！?/p>

這組三峽圖片故事采用了老舊色調(diào)，流露飽經(jīng)歲月滄桑所留下的渾厚味道。然而這組照片直到1956年6月才終于登上《生活》的版面。而此時(shí)，10年過去，中國已換了天地。

Tim Franco 提姆·弗蘭科

法國攝影師，現(xiàn)居上海，他鏡頭中的重慶經(jīng)常表現(xiàn)著一種過去與未來的交接變化，形成一種強(qiáng)烈的視覺沖突。

作為專職攝影師，Tim一直把拍照看成是生命的組成部分，他為許多中國設(shè)計(jì)公司、中國廣告公司拍照，也為法國《世界報(bào)》《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》等拍攝新聞圖片，在美國舊金山的畫廊里，也可以看到他的作品。

2009年，因?yàn)橐獮橐患译s志社拍攝一組城市的照片，Tim來到了重慶。第一次從照片上看重慶，Tim就被她獨(dú)特的面貌吸引住了，城市就在山水之間。法國人浪漫，講究一見鐘情，這也許就是他對(duì)重慶的感受。從那以后，Tim便經(jīng)常往來于上海與重慶之間，不論是商業(yè)拍攝，還是純屬個(gè)人喜好，他都會(huì)在重慶住一段時(shí)間，走街串巷，爬長長的石梯，每次都拍了一大疊照片后才回上海。據(jù)說，他已經(jīng)把重慶當(dāng)成了他的第二個(gè)家鄉(xiāng)了，每次來渝，都不想再離開。

在他眼里，這座城市仿佛都在華麗轉(zhuǎn)身，即使站在同一個(gè)拍攝點(diǎn)拍照，過一年再去，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)照片里又多了一些顏色，可能是一棵樹、可能是一棟大樓。而他就是享受這種發(fā)現(xiàn)驚喜和改變的感覺，“重慶是一座有故事的城市。5年內(nèi)重慶的發(fā)展就像其他國家10年、20年的發(fā)展進(jìn)度，這太不可思議了?！?/p>

對(duì)Tim來說，拍照就是一個(gè)了解人們生活狀態(tài)的一個(gè)過程，每一張照片背后都會(huì)有一個(gè)故事。重慶的火鍋、長江索道、舊城改造、拔地而起的高樓、各具特色的商業(yè)中心、磁器口古鎮(zhèn)等，Tim更希望把這些故事分享給世界各地的人們，讓他們也了解重慶。一座城市，記憶很重要，這也是Tim喜歡拍照的原因之一，因?yàn)樗鼈兛梢员挥谰帽４妗６@些照片，便是他作為一名外國友人對(duì)重慶的記憶。

Jens Schott Knudsen 孔彥森

丹麥攝影師。2015年3月底，孔彥森受丹麥格蘭富公司的邀請(qǐng)，作為中丹攝影師團(tuán)隊(duì)的其中一員，來到重慶，進(jìn)行了為期4天的拍攝交流。

孔彥森的家人和重慶也有著割不斷的聯(lián)系?？讖┥脑硎迨且幻F路工程師，因?yàn)楣ぷ麝P(guān)系，他帶著家人，于1917年前后受邀來到重慶，住在偏遠(yuǎn)的煤礦區(qū)，期間他還促成了北碚農(nóng)村城鎮(zhèn)模式的布局和古代四川都江堰灌溉系統(tǒng)的科學(xué)測量。在這之后，他沒有離開四川，在78歲逝于重慶豐都。這一段家族歷史讓孔彥森對(duì)重慶產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。

在重慶采風(fēng)拍攝的4天時(shí)間里，孔彥森走街串巷，用他的鏡頭記錄下了眼中的山城印象?！斑M(jìn)入重慶就可以聞到空氣中彌漫的麻辣的氣味，還有熱鬧的城市景象，山高起伏，江水環(huán)繞?！痹诳讖┥壑校貞c是一座新舊融合的，有性格的城市，這里的人熱情友好，讓他印象深刻。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，在繁華的解放碑商圈背后，還隱藏著像魯祖廟花市這樣的充滿地方特色的老街；他去過磁器口、鵝嶺公園，坐纜車、爬南山。居高拍攝時(shí)，還意外發(fā)現(xiàn)許多重慶的老房子屋頂上都搭有一個(gè)很有特色的屋頂花園，人們喜歡在綠蔭下閉目養(yǎng)神，時(shí)不時(shí)地?cái)[弄下花草，呷一口茶，從他們悠閑自在的姿態(tài)，可以感受到他們對(duì)生活的享受與熱愛。

孔彥森表示，與重慶的緣分遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)結(jié)束，下一步將計(jì)劃拍攝這里的城市景觀和當(dāng)?shù)厝宋奶厣?，除了像大禮堂、三峽博物館這樣具有重慶特色的建筑外，他還希望能尋找、拍攝到更多的不知名的卻非常有特色的重慶建筑，將這座城市隱藏的魅力用他的方式展現(xiàn)出來。

Robert van der Hilst 羅伯特·凡德·休斯特

荷蘭著名攝影大師，曾走訪中國24個(gè)省份，走進(jìn)兩千多個(gè)中國家庭，拍攝了大型攝影作品集《中國人家》，并于2004年受邀擔(dān)任中國平遙攝影節(jié)評(píng)委會(huì)主席。

2016年1月15日，羅伯特·凡德·休斯特的《渝光·余影：老重慶影像里的荷蘭油畫》攝影展在重慶中國三峽博物館展出。這位被譽(yù)為歐洲“光影大師”的老人，用31張作品，拍攝了南岸區(qū)下浩、南山黃桷埡等老街中的老重慶人家生活情境，描繪出了背街小巷中的老重慶生活。

之所以選擇拍攝南岸區(qū)，羅伯特表示是因?yàn)槟习秴^(qū)對(duì)于重慶來說，是很有代表性的地方?！白≡诶铣菂^(qū)的人給我的感覺就是他們很享受住在老房子里面的感覺，他們很享受現(xiàn)在的生活狀態(tài)，并不想急著搬出這里，到新修的大樓里面居住?！逼陂g，羅伯特去了著名女作家三毛生活過的地方黃桷椏正街，還有彈子石大石壩等地方拍攝。讓他驚訝的是，在南岸區(qū)繁華的商圈附近，竟然還留存著這些古舊的建筑。

重慶給他最深的印象便是這里的潮濕和炎熱，而這里的人非常熱情。提到拍攝重慶人家，羅伯特也表示，除了艱辛外，最大的問題就是重慶太熱、潮濕，還有就是（馬路）不停上上下下的感覺很棒。

"There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.” Everyone has different understanding of the same picture, the same song, or the same movie. Therefore each individual has different interpretation of a city. As a native of Chongqing, it is inevitable for me to produce a preference of “Beauty is the eyes of the beholder”. Then what is Chongqing like in the eyes of foreigners?

With the infl uence that Chongqing is growing in the world, an increasing number of foreign tourists travel to Chongqing every year, resident expats have reached to more than 10,000 in Chongqing, Chongqing's unique charm not just attracts Chinese people, but has also attracted many foreign photographers to Chongqing, to shoot the beautiful scene of the city with their cameras. In this issue, we are going to take a look at those foreign photographers who have taken precious pictures of Chongqing, to see this city in their eyes.

Sidney David Gamble

A famous American China expert, socioeconomists, as well as a keen amateur photographer. Gamble has been to China 4 times during 1908-1932, including questionnaire surveys, field visits, photographs and films. And took a group of photos in Chongqing in 1917-1919, Gamble went to Wanzhou, Fuling, Tongliang, Yunyang and other places, and took a lot of photos about Chongqing people's life that refl ects a series of social and livelihood.

Carl Mydans

In summer of 1940, American photographer of the Life magazine, Carl Mydans, travelled to Asia with his wife, and their first stop was in Chongqing. He took a set of precious images about Chongqing which greatly reflected the life of people. There were also two old photos about Chongqing hot pot, which carry the hot pot history and cultural heritage.

Dmitri Kessel

American photographer of the Life magazine, Dmitri Kessel’s trip to the three gorges 63 years ago, which although did not come out, inadvertently it called back to far-away memories of the three gorges. Lately the entire set of old photos of the three gorges that were photographed by Dmitri Kessel in 1946 was open publicly in China for the fi rst time; the story behind shooting was fi nally given publicity.

The three gorges tour is considered the most special working experience by Kessel. The magnificence of Kui Gate, ancient plank road, cliffs and steep waves sailing, singing the songs of trackers and other natural landscapes, cultural ecology were captured one by one and recorded by Dmitri Kessel, which has became the rare works of Three gorges.

T h i s s e t o f three gorges picture stories used old colors, on a flow of materials—paper, with rich taste left by the war-torn years of vicissitudes, yet these photos were not published till June, 1956, when China has been changed the past 10 years.

Tim Franco

French photographer, now living in Shanghai, Chongqing in his camera is often represented transferring changes of past and future, forming a strong visual confl ict.

As a professional photographer, Tim considered photographing an integral part of his life, he photographed for many design companies and advertising companies in China, as well as shooting news photos for Le Monde, New York Times, you can see Tim's work at gallery in San Francisco of the United States.

In 2009, Tim came to Chongqing to shoot for a magazine. When first time saw photos of Chongqing, he was attracted by its unique look, urban landscape. Ever since that, Tim would travel frequently between Shanghai and Chongqing, whether commercial shoot or a matter of individual preference, he would live in Chongqing for a while, usually walking around, climbing the long stone staircase, each time he took a big pile of photographs about Chongqing. He has already considered Chongqing as his second home.

Every year this gorgeous city is changing, even standing at the same spot shooting photographs, you will find some new changes in the photo: it could be a tree, or possibly a building. He enjoys the feeling of capturing surprises and changes. "Chongqing is a city with story. In 5 years of the development, Chongqing is just like the development of 10 or 20 years in other countries, that's incredible.”

Jens Schott Knudsen

Denish photographer. In the end of March 2015, Jens Schott Knudsen came to Chongqing for a 4-day shooting exchanges under the invitation of Denmark Grand company as one of Danish photographers team.

Knudsen's uncle was a railway engineer who was sent to work in Chongqing with his family and lived in a coal mining area in 1917, during which he also contributed to the mode layout of rural town of Beibei and scientific measurements of the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation system. He never leave Sichuan after that, and died at the age of 78 died in Chongqing Fengdu.

During the four days of shooting in Chongqing, Knudsen used camera to record his impressions of this mountain city. In his eyes Chongqing is a combination of old and new, a city with great character, people here are warm and friendly.

Knudsen’s fate with Chongqing would never end in the future, he plans to shoot urban landscape and local cultural characteristics of Chongqing, besides going to Dalitang, the Three Gorges Museum, he also hopes to find more obscure but very special buildings in Chongqing, to discover hidden charm of the city.

Robert van der Hilst

A famous photographer in the Netherlands, who has visited 24 provinces of China, shooting more than 2000 households, and made a large collection of photographic works of the Chinese family, he was invited to serve as Chairman of the jury in Pingyao Photography Festival in 2004.

On January 15,2016, Hilst’s photography exhibition called Echoes of Dutch Golden Age Painting in the Fading Shadows of Old Chongqing was on display at the China Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing. This old man, who is known as the "master of light" in Europe painted the old Chongqing life with 31 of his works.These works mainly fi lmed the old Chongqing people’s life in Xiahao Street of Nan ' an District, and Huang Jiaoya Street in Nan Shan Moutain.

Foreign Photographers’ Fate of Chongqing

□ Written by Li J ing