費(fèi)永俊,周存宇,袁龍義,沈瑾花,齊 蕊
(長江大學(xué) 園藝園林學(xué)院,湖北荊州 434025)
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中國湖北紅豆杉屬一新變型
費(fèi)永俊,周存宇,袁龍義,沈瑾花,齊 蕊
(長江大學(xué) 園藝園林學(xué)院,湖北荊州 434025)
報(bào)道了紅豆杉屬1新變型——??导t豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd f.baokangsisY.J.Fei]。該變型與原變種南方紅豆杉[Taxus.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]主要區(qū)別在于其雄株上有部分枝條發(fā)育成雌性枝條或雌雄球花在同一果枝上,呈現(xiàn)雌雄同株現(xiàn)象。憑證模式標(biāo)本藏于武漢植物園標(biāo)本館(編號Y.J.Fei001,HIB)。
紅豆杉屬;變型;??导t豆杉;雌雄同株
筆者2012年11月在湖北保康縣龍坪村、朱砂村進(jìn)行野生南方紅豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]種質(zhì)資源調(diào)查時,采集到1份特殊的南方紅豆杉雌雄同株的有果有雄球花的標(biāo)本,目標(biāo)物種存在于常綠落葉闊葉針葉混交林中,闊葉樹以落葉為主[1]; 2013年11月,為了研究南方紅豆杉生殖發(fā)育,采集大小孢子葉球時,又在湖北荊州市行道樹中,發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣的現(xiàn)象,該種源于40年前來自江西廬山,連續(xù)觀察3年,性狀穩(wěn)定。通過查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)[2-3],比較研究了葉片形態(tài)特征,確認(rèn)為系紅豆杉屬一新變型,定名為??导t豆杉[Taxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd. f.baokangsisY.J.Fei]。
T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.f.baokangsisY.J.Fei,f. nov. (Fig.1).
The major difference betweenTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd, f.baokangsisY.J.Fei andTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu is that some branches are attached with female strobilus on male plant or staminate strobilus and female cone in the same fruit branch, resulting in monoecism. There are bigger papillae on the abaxial leaf surface and leaf edge ofTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd, f.baokangsisY.J.Fei, while the papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of femaleTaxuschinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu are much smaller and the vein on the abaxial leaf surface is protuberant for the male plant. Target species is growing in the mixed evergreen and deciduous conifer. Broadleaf are deciduous mainly. The forest mainly consists of bloom (Chimonanthuspraecox), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeriafortune), ginkgo (Ginkgobiloba), chestnut (Castaneamollissima), Iris (Iristectorum) and other plants.
A.雌雄同株,♀♂示雌雄球花在同一果枝上;B.雌雄同株,♀示主枝上雌球花發(fā)育成的成熟果實(shí),♂示同一枝條上的當(dāng)年生雄球花; C. 南方紅豆杉雌株葉背面乳突; D. 南方紅豆杉雄株葉背面乳突; E. ??导t豆杉雌雄同株葉背面乳突圖1 ??导t豆杉和南方紅豆杉A. Monoecism,♀♂refer to female strobilus and male strobilus on the same fruit branch; B. Monoecism,♀ refers to mature seeds developed from female strobilus on main branches, ♂ refers to male strobilus of the year on the same branch; C. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of female Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu; D. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of male Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu; E. Papillae on the abaxial leaf surface of monoecismic Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rhed, f. baokangsis Y.J.FeiFig. 1 Taxus chinesis (Pilger) Rhed, f. baokangsis Y.J.Fei and Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd.var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu
圖2 ??导t豆杉標(biāo)本[Y.J.Fei001(HIB)(Holotype)]Fig.2 Specimen of Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. f. baokangsis[Y. J. Feiool(HIB) (Holotype)]
??导t豆杉與原變種南方紅豆杉[T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu]主要區(qū)別在于其雄株上有部分枝條發(fā)育成雌性枝條或雌雄球花在同一果枝上,呈現(xiàn)雌雄同株現(xiàn)象。二者葉形相似,呈彎鐮狀,區(qū)別在于??导t豆杉[T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.baokangsisY.J.Fei]葉背面及邊帶密生較大乳突,南方紅豆杉雌株葉片乳突較小,雄株葉背脈明顯突出,邊帶乳突細(xì)密。目標(biāo)物種存在于常綠落葉闊葉針葉混交林中,闊葉樹以落葉為主,林內(nèi)主要有臘梅(Chimonanthuspraecox)、柳杉(Cryptomeriafortune)、銀杏(Ginkgobiloba)、栗樹(Castaneamollissima)和鳶尾(Iristectorum)等植物。
China,Hubei Baokang(湖北???:Longpingcun(龍坪村),alt.1 055 m,Zhushacun(朱砂村),alt.930 m. 2012-11-05,Y . J. Fei, C. Y. Zhou, L. Y. Yuan, J. H. Shen et R. Qi(費(fèi)永俊,周存宇,袁龍義,沈瑾花,齊蕊)Y.J.Fei001(HIB)(Holotype),見圖1。
中國紅豆杉屬(Taxus)4種1變種,均被列為中國二類保護(hù)植物[4],為優(yōu)良的材用、藥用、園林觀賞樹種[5]。該屬球花單生葉腋,雌雄異株,分類的主要依據(jù)是葉片形態(tài)、葉被氣孔帶、葉被中脈或葉被邊緣角質(zhì)乳突的特點(diǎn),其次考慮了種子特征[2]。1999年,筆者發(fā)表了栽培新變種荊江紅豆杉[T.chinensis(Pilger)Rehd.cv.‘jingjiangensis’ Y. J. Fei][6],甄別依據(jù)是雄球花的差異。本次發(fā)現(xiàn)的雌雄同株現(xiàn)象,陳立新等2013年作過報(bào)道,但沒有對變異特征做具體描述[7],是否是同一種變異類型還有待考證。從遺傳變異與性別進(jìn)化看,南方紅豆杉雌雄同株處在性別進(jìn)化的初級階段,視為一個新變型比較合適。
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(編輯:潘新社)
A New Forma of the GenusTaxusL. from Hubei, China
FEI Yongjun, ZHOU Cunyu, YUAN Longyi,SHEN Jinhua, QI Rui
(College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou Hubei 434025, China)
A new forma ofTaxus,T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd f.baokangsisY.J.Fei that grown in Hubei Province, China, was reported in this study. There are difference between this new forma ofTaxusand theT.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.var.mairei(Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L.K.Fu. The new forma ofTaxushas some branches of the male plants become female or staminate strobilus and female cone in the same fruit branch. That means it is monoecism. Holotype was deposited in the herbarium of the Wuhan Botanical Garden (Number Y.J.Fei001,HIB), China.
Taxus; forma;T.chinensis(Pilger) Rehd.f.baokangsisY.J.Fei; monoecism
1000-4025(2016)08-1707-03
10.7606/j.issn.1000-4025.2016.08.1707
2016-01-14;修改稿收到日期:2016-07-17
國家自然科學(xué)基金(31270740)
費(fèi)永俊(1965-),男,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事園林植物研究。E-mail:fyj2010@163.com
Q949.6; S791.49
A