姜紅妮, 彭紹華,2, 張 靜*
1. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院呼吸科,上海 200032 2. 福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)邵武教學(xué)醫(yī)院,福建莆田學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,邵武市立醫(yī)院呼吸科,邵武 350108
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·論著·
吸煙與非吸煙慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清CC-16的表達(dá)水平
姜紅妮1, 彭紹華1,2, 張靜1*
1. 復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院呼吸科,上海200032 2. 福建醫(yī)科大學(xué)邵武教學(xué)醫(yī)院,福建莆田學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院,邵武市立醫(yī)院呼吸科,邵武350108
目的: 探討慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)患者中吸煙人群和不吸煙人群血清Clara細(xì)胞蛋白(Clara cell protein, CC-16)的表達(dá)水平。方法: 入選COPD穩(wěn)定期患者,記錄入選者的基本情況、臨床癥狀及肺功能等資料,并留取血清,采用ELISA法檢測(cè)CC-16水平。按照是否有吸煙史將患者分為吸煙COPD和非吸煙COPD,以吸煙和非吸煙的健康體檢者為對(duì)照。結(jié)果: 共入選COPD患者34例,吸煙組 17例,非吸煙組 17例;健康人吸煙組15例,健康人非吸煙對(duì)照組19例。吸煙COPD組男性比例高于非吸煙COPD組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。吸煙和非吸煙COPD患者年齡、肺功能差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與健康對(duì)照組相比,COPD患者血清CC-16水平降低(P<0.001)。吸煙和非吸煙COPD患者血清CC-16水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;與非吸煙健康者相比,吸煙健康者血清CC-16呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論: COPD患者血清CC-16表達(dá)水平低于健康體檢者,但吸煙與不吸煙COPD患者血清CC-16表達(dá)無(wú)明顯差異,相關(guān)結(jié)論有待大樣本研究證實(shí)。
慢性阻塞性肺疾病;Clara細(xì)胞蛋白;吸煙
慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一種肺臟對(duì)有害氣體和顆粒的異常炎癥反應(yīng)性疾病,以小氣道功能受損、進(jìn)行性氣流受限為主要特征。COPD目前已經(jīng)成為全球第4位的致死原因,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量及生存期,給社會(huì)及家庭帶來(lái)沉重負(fù)擔(dān)[1]。隨著我國(guó)人口老齡化程度的加劇,COPD的發(fā)病率呈上升趨勢(shì),研究COPD的治療和預(yù)防具有非常重要的意義。Clara細(xì)胞也稱為Club細(xì)胞或支氣管外分泌細(xì)胞,是分布于小氣道上的無(wú)纖毛上皮細(xì)胞。Clara細(xì)胞分泌的主要功能性蛋白相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量約為16 000,稱為Clara細(xì)胞蛋白(Clara cell protein,CC-16),其具有抗炎、抗氧化、免疫調(diào)節(jié)及腫瘤抑制等多種生物學(xué)活性[2-3]。
Lomas等[4]研究顯示,COPD患者血清CC-16水平較健康體檢者降低;在有既往吸煙史的COPD患者中,血清CC-16水平與患者COPD嚴(yán)重程度分級(jí)存在弱相關(guān)性,血清CC-16水平下降程度與疾病進(jìn)展相關(guān)。但I(xiàn)shikawa等[5]研究顯示,COPD患者血清CC-16水平高于健康人。造成這種矛盾結(jié)果的可能原因是COPD患者存在異質(zhì)性,血清CC-16受呼吸道局部和全身炎癥反應(yīng)的影響。Labonté等[6]的研究也顯示,COPD患者急性加重期血清CC-16表達(dá)水平升高。吸煙是COPD的重要危險(xiǎn)因素,但也有部分COPD患者無(wú)吸煙史。因此,本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)有或無(wú)吸煙史COPD患者的血清CC-16水平,以吸煙及不吸煙的健康人群作對(duì)照,探討吸煙對(duì)COPD患者及健康人血清CC-16的影響,為后續(xù)研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1.1一般資料選擇在2011年12月—2012年10月就診于復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院呼吸科門診和呼吸科病房出院的45歲以上COPD患者。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):肺功能檢查結(jié)果為吸入400 μg/撳的沙丁胺醇后第1秒用力呼氣量與用力肺活量比值(FEV1/FVC)<70%。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):有充血性心力衰竭、支氣管擴(kuò)張癥、支氣管哮喘、活動(dòng)性肺結(jié)核、阻塞性細(xì)支氣管炎、矽肺、肺間質(zhì)疾病、胸腔積液、彌漫性泛細(xì)支氣管炎或肺葉切除術(shù)史的患者;大氣道氣流受限患者;入選前4周內(nèi)有COPD急性加重的患者。以健康體檢者為對(duì)照。非吸煙者定義為不吸煙者或曾經(jīng)吸煙但總量低于5包年(每天吸煙包數(shù)×吸煙年數(shù))并且戒煙至少10年者;否則作為吸煙者。
本研究通過(guò)復(fù)旦大學(xué)附屬中山醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并已在中國(guó)臨床試驗(yàn)網(wǎng)注冊(cè)登記(ChiCTR-OCC-11001621)。所有參與者均簽署知情同意書。
1.2數(shù)據(jù)收集記錄所有受試者的年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量、身高、吸煙狀況、吸煙量(包年)、臨床癥狀及肺功能等資料,并留取血清。采用Uscn Life Science Inc.全自動(dòng)酶標(biāo)儀及ELISA法試劑盒檢測(cè)血清CC-16水平,嚴(yán)格按試劑盒說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行操作。
2.1患者基線資料結(jié)果(表1)表明:共入選吸煙COPD者 17例,非吸煙COPD者 17例;吸煙健康人15例,非吸煙健康人19例。與非吸煙COPD組相比,吸煙COPD男性比例更高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),COPD和健康人FEV1%預(yù)計(jì)值差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。吸煙和非吸煙COPD患者年齡、肺功能差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表1 患者基線資料
N-CON:非吸煙健康人;S-CON:吸煙健康人;N-COPD:非吸煙COPD患者;S-COPD:吸煙COPD患者;NA:不適用.*吸入支氣管擴(kuò)張劑后占預(yù)計(jì)值的百分?jǐn)?shù)
2.2血清CC-16水平COPD患者和健康人相比,血清CC-16水平顯著降低[(2.13±0.51) ng/mLvs(2.51±0.35) ng/mL,P<0.001]。結(jié)果(圖1)表明:不吸煙COPD患者血清CC-16水平[(2.12±0.62) ng/mL,P<0.01] 和吸煙COPD患者血清CC-16水平 [(2.15±0.39) ng/mL]均低于不吸煙的健康人[(2.57±0.34) ng/mL,P<0.05]。吸煙健康人與非吸煙健康人相比,血清CC-16呈下降趨勢(shì),但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[(2.43±0.36) ng/mLvs(2.57±0.34) ng/mL]。
圖1 COPD患者及健康人血清CC-16的表達(dá)
2.3CC-16水平與吸煙狀況、肺功能的相關(guān)性分析線性回歸分析(圖2)表明:吸煙與FEV1%預(yù)計(jì)值相關(guān)(P<0.001),與CC-16不相關(guān)(P=0.103);FEV1%預(yù)計(jì)值與CC-16相關(guān)(P<0.05)。
圖2 CC-16水平與吸煙狀況及肺功能的相關(guān)性分析
血清CC-16是Clara細(xì)胞分泌的主要蛋白,具有多種生物學(xué)功能。CC-16可抑制磷脂酶A2(PLA2)的活性,減少細(xì)胞膜磷脂分解,還可直接抑制多種炎癥因子的表達(dá)及其生物學(xué)活性,在哮喘、COPD、急性肺損傷中起重要作用[7-9]。吸煙是COPD發(fā)生的主要危險(xiǎn)因素,Clara細(xì)胞是香煙煙霧攻擊的主要肺臟細(xì)胞之一。煙草煙霧中含有較高的內(nèi)毒素含量,比無(wú)吸煙環(huán)境空氣高120倍[10]。吸入內(nèi)毒素可引起急性氣道炎癥,破壞小氣道上皮細(xì)胞完整性和通透性,使血清CC-16水平顯著升高[11-12]。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)[13]顯示,在慢性煙草和內(nèi)毒素的共同刺激下,COPD組大鼠血清及肺組織中CC-16含量均明顯降低。在大鼠吸入香煙煙霧制作的COPD模型中,電鏡下可見(jiàn)其終末細(xì)支氣管和呼吸性細(xì)支氣管Clara細(xì)胞數(shù)量以及Clara細(xì)胞分泌顆粒均減少,表明Clara細(xì)胞受損及其分泌CC-16的減少在COPD發(fā)病過(guò)程中發(fā)揮作用[8]。Clara細(xì)胞數(shù)目的減少與功能變化削弱了氣道保護(hù)機(jī)制,導(dǎo)致肺損傷,這一改變可能是吸煙所致肺部疾病形成的機(jī)制之一。
本研究中COPD患者血清CC-16水平較健康體檢者降低,與Lomas等[4]及Park等[14]的研究結(jié)果一致。COPD患者FEV1下降時(shí)Clara細(xì)胞可因變形或死亡而減少,使合成及分泌的CC-16減少,血清CC-16水平下降。Park等[14]的研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí),隨著患者COPD嚴(yán)重程度的增加,血清CC-16水平逐漸下降,說(shuō)明血清CC-16水平下降程度與疾病進(jìn)展相關(guān)。本研究顯示,無(wú)論是否有吸煙史,COPD穩(wěn)定期血清CC-16的水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但均低于不吸煙的健康人。吸煙和非吸煙健康者血清CC-16雖差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但吸煙者血清CC-16水平較非吸煙者有下降趨勢(shì)。本研究提示,長(zhǎng)期吸煙對(duì)氣道可能產(chǎn)生慢性漸進(jìn)性影響,可最終導(dǎo)致COPD;無(wú)論是吸煙因素還是非吸煙因素導(dǎo)致的COPD,由于患者體內(nèi)Clara細(xì)胞數(shù)量及CC-16分泌均減少,導(dǎo)致其血清CC-16差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
綜上所述,穩(wěn)定期COPD患者血清CC-16水平低于健康人,血清CC-16可能成為COPD診斷的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物之一。吸煙者和非吸煙者相比,血清CC-16有下降趨勢(shì),相關(guān)結(jié)論有待大樣本臨床研究進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
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[本文編輯]葉婷, 賈澤軍
The serum levels of CC-16 of non-smoking and smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
JIANG Hong-ni1, PENG Shao-hua1,2, ZHANG Jing1*
1. Department of Respiration, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China 2. Department of Respiration, Shaowu Municiple Hospital, Fujian Medical University Teaching Hospital in Shaowu, Affiliated Hospital of Putian College in Fujian, Shaowu 350108, Fujian, China
Objective: To observe the serum levels of Clara cell protein (CC-16) in non-smoking and smoking patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: The basic information, clinical symptoms and lung functions of patients were collected, the serum was used to measure the CC-16 levels by ELISA. The patients were divided into stable COPD and non-COPD based on smoking history, and compare with the healthy cases with or without smoking history. Results: Totally 34 cases were selected, including 17 smoking COPD, and 17 non-smoking COPD.15 smoking non-COPD and 19 non-smoking non-COPD healthy cases were selected. The male patients in smoking COPD group were more than which in non-smoking COPD group (P<0.05), but no statistical significance of age and lung functions in smoking COPD group and non-smoking COPD group. The level of serum CC-16 was significantly decreased in COPD patients (P<0.001). There was no statistical significance of serum CC-16 found between COPD patients with or without smoking history. The level of serum CC-16 was tending to decrease in non-COPD smokers,but there was no statistical significance. Conclusions: The level of serum CC-16 is lower in COPD patients than that in healthy controls. There is no statistical significance in serum CC-16 between smoking COPD patients and non-smoking COPD patients, which is need more evidences from further study on larger population.
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Clara cell protein; smoking
2016-06-01[接受日期]2016-08-06
上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì)西醫(yī)引導(dǎo)類項(xiàng)目(14411965900),上海市衛(wèi)生和計(jì)劃生育委員會(huì)中醫(yī)藥科研基金 (2014LP004A). Supported by Medical Guide Project of Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (14411965900 ), and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Grant from Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (2014LP004A).
姜紅妮,博士,副主任醫(yī)師. E-mail: jhn2001@sina.com
Corresponding author). Tel: 021-64041990-2307, E-mail: zhang.jing@zs-hospital.sh.cn
10.12025/j.issn.1008-6358.2016.20160664
R 563
A