WANG Gui-XianCHEN Fei-YanWANG Xiao-JuanFENG Yun-Long＊,(Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 33000, China)(Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistryand Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 3004, China)

Four- and Three-Fold Interpenetrated (3,4)-Connected d10Metal Coordination Polymers Constructed by 3,5-Bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoic Acid and Aromatic Dicarboxylic Acid Ligands

WANG Gui-Xian1,2CHEN Fei-Yan2WANG Xiao-Juan2FENG Yun-Long＊,2
(1Department of chemistry and chemical engineering, Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China)
(2Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry
and Life Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China)

The reaction of 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoic acid (HL) and a combination of dicarboxylic acid ligands such as thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (H2tdc), 5-hydroxybenzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (H3hdc), 1,4-benzenedithioacetic acid (H2bdtc) with Znand Cdmetal ions give rise to four coordination polymers with interpenetrating (3,4)-connected networks, namely, [Zn2L2(tdc)]n(1), {[Zn4L4(Hhdc)2]·H2O}n(2), {[Zn2L2(Hhdc)]· H2O}n(3), {[Cd2L2(bdtc)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n(4). 1～3 exhibit (3,4)-connected 4-fold-interpenetrating 3D networks with point symbol of (4.82)(4.85) (1), (63)(65.8) (2) and (63)(65.8) (3) topology, respectively. 4 displays a (3,4)-connected 3-fold-interpenetrating 2D network with(63) (66) topology. Luminescent properties of 1, 3 and 4 were also investigated. CCDC: 852424, 1; 872035, 2; 887738, 3; 872037, 4.

coordination polymer; 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)benzoic acid; crystal structure; interpenetrating framework; luminescent property

0　Introduction

Crystal engineering of coordination polymers (CPs), which involves self-assembly of organic ligands with appropriate functional groups and metal ions with specific directionality and functionality, is one of the facile routes to produce materials of technological importance[1]. The metal-ligand coordination bonds have been widely exploited in organizing molecular building blocks into diverse supramolecular architectures, making use of the strength of coordination bonds and directionality associated with metal ions[2]. Coordination polymers have attracted a great of extensive interest not only for their potential applications in adsorption, nonlinear optics, magnetism, photoluminescence, catalysis, and electrical conductivity, but also for their intriguing variety of architectures and fascinating topologies[3]. A number of topological types are applied in various CPs, because of its ability of simplifying complicated frameworks and the instructive role in the rational design of some predicted functional materials[4]. Of particular interest are interpenetrating frameworks[5]. These species can be regarded as infinite ordered polycatenanes and are characterized by the presence of two or more independent networks that cannot be separated in a topological sense without breaking of bonds. In the past decade, considerable effort has been invested in interpenetrating CPs because of their unique advantages in enhancing stability, specific surface area, gas sorption, and molecular dynamics, as well as their general structural aesthetics[6].

The long-flexible ligand may be a good candidate as a unique structural motif to produce interpenetrating architectures with interesting topologies and useful functional properties[7]. Hence we selected 3,5-bis(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy) benzoic acid (HL) as primary ligand, because it contains a rigid spacer of phenyl ring and two freely rotating pyridyl arms, which may cause the planes of the pyridyl rings to rotate with respect to the plane of the central phenyl ring. On the other hand, d10metal (Cd, Zn) compounds have attracted extensive interest in recent years because of photoluminescent properties[8]. With this aim of understanding the coordination chemistry of HL[9-10]and preparing new materials with interpenetrating networks and excellent physical properties, we have recently engaged in the research of the CPs with HL ligand[10]. In this paper, we describe the preparations, crystal structures, and photoluminescent properties of four CPs based on HL and dicarboxylic acid ligands, namely, [Zn2L2(tdc)]n(1), {[Zn4L4(hbdc)2]·H2O}n(2), {[Zn2L2(bdtc)]·H2O}n(3) and {[Cd2L2(bdtc)H2O]·0.5H2O}n(4).

Scheme 1 Reaction scheme for the preparations of 1～4

1　Experimental

1.1Materials and physical measurements

The ligands and other reagents were purchased from Jinan Camolai Trading Company and used without further purification. The elemental analyses of C, H and N were performed on a Perkin-Elmer 2400 Ⅱelemental analyzer. IR spectrum was measured in KBr pellets on a Nicolet 5DX FT-IR spectrometer. The thermogravimetric measurement was performed on preweighed samples in an oxygen stream using a Netzsch STA449C apparatus with a heating rate of 10 ℃·min-1. The crystal data were acquired on a Bruker APEXⅡ diffractometer. Powder X-ray diffraction data were obtained using a Philips PW3040/60 automated powder diffractometer, using Cu Kα radiation (λ=0.154 2 nm) with a 2θ range of 5°～50°. The luminescence spectra were performed on a HITACHIF-2500 fluorescence spectrometer in solid state at room temperature.

1.2Synthesis of [Zn2L2(tdc)]n(1)

A mixture of ZnSO4·2H2O (0.20 mmol, 0.058 g), HL (0.10 mmol, 0.034 g), H2tdc (0.05 mmol, 0.013 g)and NaOH (0.15 mmol, 0.006 g) in H2O (14 mL) was sealed in a 25 mL Teon-lined stainless steel container, which was heated at 160℃for 72 h and then cooled down to room temperature at a rate of 5℃·h-1. Yellow crystals of 1 were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in air to give the product with 27.4% yield (based on HL). Anal. Calcd. for C44H32N4O12SZn2(% ): C, 54.40; H, 3.32; N, 5.77. Found(%): C, 54.18; H, 3.39; N, 5.86. IR (KBr pellet, cm-1): 3 444, 3 086, 2 930, 2 366, 1 631, 1 603, 1 419, 1 376, 1 235, 1 150, 1 065, 868, 797.

1.3Syntheses of {[Zn4L4(Hhdc)2]·H2O}n(2) and {[Zn2L2(Hhdc)]·H2O}n(3)

A mixture of ZnSO4·2H2O (0.20 mmol, 0.058 g), HL (0.10 mmol, 0.034 g), H3hdc (0.10 mmol, 0.018 g) and NaOH (0.30 mmol, 0.012 g) in H2O (14 mL) was sealed in a 25 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel container, which was heated at 160℃for 72 h and then cooled down to room temperature at a rate of 5℃·h-1. The containing pale yellow blocklike crystals of 2 and yellow platelike crystals of 3 were obtained. The yield of 2 is about 3.0%(based on HL). Anal. Calcd. for C92H72N8O27Zn4(%): C, 55.78; H, 3.56; N, 5.66. Found (%): C, 55.70; H, 3.62; N, 5.74. IR (KBr pellet, cm-1): 3 429, 2 943,1 640, 1 560, 1 367, 1 249, 1 161, 1 073, 1 028, 910, 792. The yield of 3 is 30.1%(based on HL). Anal. Calcd. for. C46H36N4O14Zn2(%): C, 55.72; H, 3.66; N, 5.65. Found (%): C, 55.39; H, 3.62; N, 5.52. IR (KBr pellet, cm-1): 3458, 3075, 2943, 2354, 1 617, 1581,1381,1279,1175,1057,1014,778,719,497.

1.4Synthesis of {[Cd2L2(bdtc)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n(4)

A mixture of Cd(CH3COO)2·2H2O (0.20 mmol, 0.053 g), HL(0.10 mmol, 0.034 g), H2bdtc (0.05 mmol, 0.013 g) and NaOH(0.10 mmol, 0.004 g) in H2O(14 mL) was sealed in a 25 mL Teflon-lined stainless steel container, which was heated at 160℃for 72 h and then cooled down to room temperature at a rate of 5℃·h-1. Yellow crystals of 4 were collected and washed with distilled water and dried in air to give the product with 11.8% yield (based on HL). Anal. Calcd. for C48H44Cd2N4O15S2(%): C, 47.81; H, 3.68; N, 4.65. Found (%): C, 47.86; H, 3.72; N, 4.61. IR (KBr pellet, cm-1): 3430, 2970, 2919, 2368, 1 613, 1551,1480,1377,1235,1163,1102,898,796,673.

1.5X-ray crystallography study

Data collection of 1～4 was carried out on a Bruker APEXⅡdiffractometer equipped with a graphitemonochromatized Mo Kα radiation (λ=0.071 073 nm) at 296(2) K. Data intensity was corrected by Lorentzpolarization factors and empirical absorption. The structure was solved by the direct methods and refined with the full-matrix least-squares refinements technique based on F2. The anisotropic displacement parameters were applied to all non-hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms were assigned with isotropic displacement factors and included in the final refinement cycles using geometrical restrains. All calculations were performed with SHELXS-97 and SHELXTL-97 program packages[11]. The detailed crystallographic data and structure refinement parameters are summarized in Table 1. Selected bond lengths and angles are given in Table 2.

Table 1 Crystal data and structure parameters for compounds 1～4

CCDC:852424,1;872035,2;887738,3;872037,4.

Continued Table 1

Table 2 Selected bond lengths (nm) and angles (°) for 1～4

Continued Table 2

2　Results and discussion

Fig.1 (a) Coordination environment of Znin 1; (b) 3D coordination framework; (c) Schematic representation of the (3,4)-connected framework; (d) Schematic representation of the 4-fold interpenetrating net

2.1Structure of [Zn2L2(tdc)]n(1)

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis shows that 1 crystallizes in monoclinic with P21/c space group. The asymmetric unit of 1 consists of one Znion, one L-ligand and half tdc2-ligand. As shown in Fig.1a, each Znion is four-coordinated with a distorted tetrahedral geometry supplied by twocarboxylate oxygen atoms from one L-ligand and one tdc2-ligand, two nitrogen atoms from two L-ligands. As shown in Fig.1b, the L-ligand connects three Znions together by two pyridyl-N atoms and one carboxylate oxygen atom to generate a 2D bilayer structure, and then the tdc2 -ligands locate up and down the layer in exo-bidentate mode to form the final 3D network.

Fig.2 (a) Coordination environment of Znin 2; (b) 3D coordination framework; (c) Schematic representation of the (3,4)-connected framework; (d) Schematic representation of the 4-fold interpenetrating net

2.2Structure of {[Zn4L4(Hhdc)2]·H2O}n(2)

Crystallographic analysis reveals that 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic with space group P2/c. The asymmetric unit of 2 consists of one Znion, one L-ligand, half Hhdc2-ligand and a quarter of lattice H2O molecule. As shown in Fig.2a, each Znion is fourcoordinated with a distorted tetrahedral geometry supplied by two pyridyl-N atoms from two L-ligands, two carboxylic oxygen atoms from one L-ligand and one Hhdc2 -ligand. It is worthy to note that the distance of Zn(1)…O(7) is 0.258 1(3) nm, which is a nonnegligible week interaction, and the Znion can be considered as a five coordinated, disorted square pyramidal geometry. As shown in Fig.2b, the L-ligand connects three Znions together by two pyridyl-N atoms and one carboxylate oxygen atom to generate a 2D layer structure, and then the Hhdc2-ligands locate up and down the layer in exo-bidentate mode to form the final 3D network.

2.3Structure of {[Zn2L2(Hhdc)]·H2O}n(3)

Crystallographic analysis reveals that 3 crystallizes in the monoclinic with space group P21/c. The asymmetric unit of 3 consists of two Znions, two L-ligands, one Hhdc2 -ligand and one lattice H2O molecule. As shown in Fig.3a, Zn(1) is connected by four carboxylic oxygen atoms from one L-ligand and one Hhdc2-ligand, two pyridyl-N atoms from two L-ligands in a disorted octahedral geometry, and Zn(2) is connected by two carboxylic oxygen atoms from one L-ligand and one Hhdc2-ligand, two pyridyl-N atoms from two L-ligands in a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry. As shown in Fig.3b, the L-ligands connect three Znions together to generate a 2D layer structure, and then the Hhdc2-ligands locate up and down the layers in exo-bidentate mode to form the final 3D network.

Fig.3 (a) Coordination environment of Znin 3; (b) 3D coordination framework; (c) Schematic representation of the (3,4)-connected framework; (d) Schematic representation of the 4-fold interpenetrating net

2.4Structureof{[Cd2L2(bdtc)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n(4)

Crystallographic analysis reveals that 4 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1. The asymmetricunit of 4 consists of one Cdion, one L-ligand, half bdtc2 -ligand, half coordinated water molecule and quarter lattice water molecule. As shown in Fig.4a, each Cdion is six-coordinated with a distorted octahedral geometry supplied by two pyridyl-N atoms from two L-ligands, three carboxylic oxygen atoms from one L-ligand and one bdtc2 -ligand, and one water molecule. As shown in Fig.4b, the L-ligand connects three Cdions together by two pyridyl-N atoms and two carboxylate oxygen atoms, the bdtc2 -ligand connect two Cdions together by two carboxylate oxygen atoms to generate a 2D (3,4)-connected layer structure.

Fig.4 (a) Local coordination environment of Cdin 4; (b) Wires or sticks representation of the 2D layer; (c) Schematic representation of the 3-fold interpenetrating net

The topology analysis suggests the(3,4)-connected net with the (63)(66) topology, and each 2D layer is filled via mutual interpenetration to generate a 3-fold interpenetrating architecture (Fig.4c). Simultaneously, the adjacent layers are linked each other by hydrogen bonds (O(1W)-H(1WB)…O(5)#3 0.276 1(5) nm, O(3W)-H(1WA)…O5#4 0.276 8(13) nm; Symmetry codes: #3: x+1, y, z, 4#: -x, 1-y, 2-z) to complete the finally 3D supramolecular network.

2.5PXRD analysis and thermal property

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis of 1, 3, 4 has been performed at room temperature. The PXRD patterns are in reasonably good agreement with the calculated ones (Fig.5), confirming the phase purity of the as-synthesized products.

Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were carried out under air atmosphere to examine the thermal stability of complexes 1, 3 and 4 and the results are shown in Fig.6. The TGA curve of 1 shows the framework collapsed at the temperature range of 305～510℃. For 3, the first weight loss of 1.88 % occurred in the temperature range of 70～120℃, due to the release of coordinated water molecules (Calcd. 1.80%), and the decomposition of the residue occurs at the range of 320～510℃. The TGA curve of 4 shows the first weight loss of 2.51% occurred in the temperature range of 100～145℃, due to the release of watermolecules (Calcd. 2.24%), and the decomposition of the residue occurs at the range of 275～330℃, which may be caused by the complete decomposition of bdtc in 4 (Obsd. 19.87%, Calcd. 19.24%). A rapid weight loss can be detected from 500～600℃, which may be attributed to the complete decomposition of the organic ligands.

Fig.5 Simulated (a) and experimental (b) PXRD patterns of complexes 1, 3 and 4

Fig.6 TG curves of complexes 1, 3 and 4

2.6Photoluminescent properties

Taking the excellent luminescent properties of Znand Cdinto account, the solid-state luminescent spectra of HL, complexes 1, 3 and 4 have been studied at room temperature (Fig.7). 1 shows broad fluorescent emission spectra from 450 to 600 nm and the emission maxima at 504 nm(λex=300 nm). 3 shows broad fluorescent emission spectra from 400 to 600 nm and the emission maxima at 450 nm (λex=360 nm), while 4 presents broad fluorescent emission spectra from 400 to 550 nm and the emission maxima at 452 nm(λex=362 nm). In order to understand the nature of the emission, we analyzed the photoluminescence property of free HL ligand and found that the strongest emission peak at 474 nm(λex=363 nm). In comparison with that of HL, the maximum emission wavelengths of 1 occurs slightly redshifted, 3 and 4 occur slightly blueshifted, which are probably due to L-and auxiliary ligands to metal charge transitions. The enhancement of the intensity of luminescence in the CPs may be attributed to the rigidity of them. The complex enhances the “rigidity”of the ligand and thus reduces the loss of energy through a radiationless pathway[12].

Fig.7 Solid-state luminescent spectra of HL, complexes 1, 3 and 4 at room temperature

3　Conclusions

In summary, complexes 1～4 display four- and three-fold interpenetrated (3,4)-connected coordination polymers. The interpenetration effectively reduced the solvent voids, in which clathrate water molecules reside. The results show that the flexible ligand can take different modes to meet the coordination nature of the metal cations, and the ligands, the metal center, and the reaction conditions have great influence on the structure of the final assembly. The long-flexible ligand with rigid spacers is much more conducive to form interpenetrated framework. The complexes with spacious voids in their frameworks favour interpenetrated crystal forms. The luminescent spectra show that 1, 3 and 4 have different luminescentproperties, both the auxiliary ligands and metal centers will influence the intensity and shift of luminescence.

References:

[1] (a)Leong W L, Vitta J J. Chem. Rev., 2011,111:688-764 (b)Moulton B, Zaworotko M. Chem. Rev., 2001,101:1629-1658 (c)Zhao D, Timmons D J, Yuan D, et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 2011,44:123-133

[2] (a)Hong M C, Chen L. Design and Construction of Coordination Polymers. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. (b)Batten S R, Neville S M, Turner D R. Coordination Polymers: Design, Analysis and Application. Cambridge UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2009.

[3] (a)Lin Z J, Lu J, Hong M C, et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43:5867-5895 (b)Stock N, Biswas S. Chem. Rev., 2012,112:933-969 (c)Li J R, Sculley J, Zhou H C. Chem. Rev., 2012,112:869-932 (d)Moon H R, Lim D W, Suh M P. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42:1807-1824 (e)Chaemchuen S, Kabir N A, Zhou K, et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013,42:9304-9332

[4] (a)O′Keeffe M, Hyde S T. Zeolites, 1997,19:370-374 (b)O′Keeffe M. Nature, 1999,400:617 (c)Ockwig N W, Friedrichs O D, O′Keeffe M, et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 2005,38:176-182

[5] (a)Wang R, Wang Z, Xu Y, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2014,53:7086-7088 (b)Li F, Clegg J K, Lindoy L F, et al. Nat. Commun., 2001, 205:1208 (c)Wang R, Zhang M, Liu X, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2015,54: 6084-6086

[6] (a)Wu H, Yang J, Su Z M, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133:11406-11409 (b)Kitagawa S, Matsuda R. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2007,251: 2490-2509

[7] Schneemann A, Bon V, Schwedler I, et al. Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014,43:6062-6096

[8] (a)Wang X L, Qin C, Wu S X, et al. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2009,48:5291-5295 (b)Zheng S L, Yang J H, Yu X L, et al. Inorg. Chem., 2004, 43:830-836 (c)Zhang L Y, Zhang J P, Lin Y Y, et al. Cryst. Growth Des., 2006,6:1684-1689 (d)Rather B, Moulton B, Walsh R D B, et al. Chem. Commun., 2002:694-695

[9] (a)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. CrystEngComm, 2009, 11:1842-1848 (b)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. Polyhedron, 2009,28: 3155-3163 (c)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2008,11:1181-1183 (d)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2010,13:932-934 (e)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2009,12:1024-1026 (f)Xu G J, Zhao Y H, Shao K Z, et al. Inorg. Chem. Commun., 2009,12:969-971

[10](a)HAN Min-Min(韓敏敏), CHEN Xiao(陳曉), ZHANG Yi-Ping(張依萍), et al. Chinese J. Inorg. Chem.(無機(jī)化學(xué)學(xué)報), 2014,30:1653-1659 (b)Cao K L, Zhang Y P, Cai Y N, et al. J. Solid State Chem., 2014,215:34-42

[11] (a)Sheldrick G M. SHELXS 97, University of G?ttingen, Germany, 1997. (b)Sheldrick G M. SHELXTL 97, University of G?ttingen, Germany, 1997.

[12]He Y H, Feng Y L, Lan Y Z, et al. Cryst. Growth Des., 2008,8:3586-1694

3，5-二(吡啶-4-甲氧基)苯甲酸和芳香二羧酸配體構(gòu)建的具有3，4-連接四重和三重穿插的d10金屬配位聚合物

王桂仙1,2曹可利2王曉娟2馮云龍＊,2
(1麗水學(xué)院化學(xué)與化工學(xué)院，麗水323000)
(2浙江師范大學(xué)物理化學(xué)研究所，金華321004)

以3，5-二(吡啶-4-甲氧基)苯甲酸(HL)與芳香二羧酸為配體，在水熱條件下與Zn或Cd鹽反應(yīng)得到4個具有3,4-連接多重穿插結(jié)構(gòu)的配位聚合物：[Zn2L2(tdc)]n(1)，{[Zn4L4(Hhdc)2]·H2O}n(2)，{[Zn2L2(Hhdc)]·H2O}n(3)，{[Cd2L2(bdtc)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n(4) (H2tdc=2，5-噻吩二甲酸，H3hdc=5-羥基間苯二甲酸，H2bdtc=1，4-苯二硫乙酸)。晶體結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明，聚合物1～3具有3，4-連接四重穿插的三維網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)，拓?fù)浞柗謩e為(4.82)(4.85) (1)、(63)(65.8) (2)和(63)(65.8) (3)。4為3，4-連接三重穿插的二維平面結(jié)構(gòu)，拓?fù)浞枮?63)(66)。測定了配位聚合物1、3和4的熱穩(wěn)定性和熒光性質(zhì)。

配位聚合物；3，5-二(吡啶-4-甲氧基)苯甲酸；晶體結(jié)構(gòu)；熒光性質(zhì)

O614.24+1；O614.24+2

A

1001-4861(2016)03-0545-10

10.11862/CJIC.2016.062

2015-10-20。收修改稿日期：2016-01-09。

國家自然科學(xué)基金(No.21173197)資助項(xiàng)目。

＊通信聯(lián)系人。E-mail：sky37@zjnu.cn；會員登記號：S06N0984M1401。