聶培婷,湯 承,岳 華*
(1.西南民族大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,成都 610041;2.新疆天康畜牧生物技術(shù)股份有限公司制藥事業(yè)部,烏魯木齊 830011)
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冷誘導(dǎo)RNA結(jié)合蛋白參與小鼠H1N1甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答
聶培婷1,2,湯承1,岳華1*
(1.西南民族大學(xué)生命科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院,成都 610041;2.新疆天康畜牧生物技術(shù)股份有限公司制藥事業(yè)部,烏魯木齊 830011)
冷誘導(dǎo)RNA結(jié)合蛋白(CIRP)是哺乳動(dòng)物間高度保守的多功能蛋白,但其在病毒感染中的作用尚不清楚,本研究旨在探討CIRP對(duì)甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答。用H1N1甲型流感病毒PR-8株滴鼻接種成年BALB/c小鼠,分別于感染后24、48、72、96、120 h隨機(jī)處死3只,用熒光定量RT-PCR和免疫組化法分別檢測(cè)小鼠心、肝、脾和肺中CIRP基因和蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá)水平。基因定量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,感染小鼠各被檢器官中CirpmRNA的轉(zhuǎn)錄量顯著升高;免疫組化試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,CIRP在感染小鼠心肌細(xì)胞、肺泡上皮細(xì)胞、肺支氣管上皮細(xì)胞和脾淋巴細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞質(zhì)中表達(dá)量均有不同程度的升高。綜上可見,CIRP參與機(jī)體對(duì)H1N1甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答,由于CIRP對(duì)炎性因子產(chǎn)生過程具有顯著的調(diào)節(jié)作用,其在流感病毒感染過程中的作用值得深入研究。
冷誘導(dǎo)RNA結(jié)合蛋白;甲型流感病毒;熒光定量RT-PCR;免疫組化
冷誘導(dǎo)RNA結(jié)合蛋白(cold induced RNA binding protein,CIRP)是RNA結(jié)合蛋白家族的異源核糖核蛋白(hnRNP)亞群成員[1],是哺乳動(dòng)物中最早鑒定出的與冷應(yīng)激相關(guān)的蛋白質(zhì)[2],在多種應(yīng)激狀態(tài)下發(fā)揮細(xì)胞保護(hù)作用[2-7]。最近的研究表明,在LPS刺激和敗血癥情況下,CIRP通過調(diào)節(jié)NF-κB信號(hào)通路影響多種炎性因子的產(chǎn)生[8],并通過調(diào)節(jié)TRL4促進(jìn)炎癥發(fā)生[9],是一種新的促炎介質(zhì)[10],在細(xì)菌感染中發(fā)揮重要作用。甲型流感病毒可引起人和多種動(dòng)物嚴(yán)重的呼吸道感染[11],其引起的細(xì)胞因子風(fēng)暴是引起重癥肺炎和致死的主要原因[12],肺上皮細(xì)胞和炎性浸潤(rùn)在肺的病理性損傷中起重要作用[13]。CIRP與病毒感染的聯(lián)系尚不清楚,本研究旨在探討CIRP對(duì)甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答。
1.1材料
30只5周齡的雌性BALB/c小鼠,體重18 g±2 g,購(gòu)自華西實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心;H1N1甲型流感病毒(PR/8)由四川省疾病預(yù)防控制中心惠贈(zèng),HA效價(jià)為28;RNA提取試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Invitrogen公司;反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒購(gòu)自日本TaKaRa公司;兔抗人CIRP多克隆抗體購(gòu)自美國(guó)Proteintech公司;生物素羊抗兔抗體、免疫組化ABC檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)VECTOR公司;DAB顯色試劑購(gòu)自武漢博士德公司。
1.2病毒感染模型的建立及樣本采集
將小鼠隨機(jī)等分為兩組,用干冰吸入麻醉后,感染組滴鼻接種PR/8,50 μL·只-1,對(duì)照組用等體積生理鹽水代替病毒液滴鼻,兩組小鼠隔離飼養(yǎng)。各組分別于感染后24、48、72、96、120 h隨機(jī)處死3只小鼠,采集心、肝、脾和肺,每個(gè)樣本分為兩份,一份用焦炭酸二乙酯溶液清洗后立即放入液氮中過夜,隨后轉(zhuǎn)入-80 ℃冰箱凍存,用于mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄量的檢測(cè),另一份用4%多聚甲醛固定,石蠟包埋切片。
1.3組織樣本總RNA的提取及cDNA合成
按照 RNA提取試劑盒說明書推薦程序提取各組織樣本的總RNA,用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒反轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。
1.4流感病毒感染的檢測(cè)
采用RT-PCR[14]檢測(cè)PR/8感染后48 h肺中H1N1甲型流感病毒M基因,以確定小鼠是否感染成功。
1.5小鼠組織器官中CirpmRNA的表達(dá)水平的測(cè)定
以“1.3”合成的組織cDNA為模板,熒光定量PCR[15]檢測(cè)CirpmRNA在感染小鼠組織器官中的時(shí)空表達(dá)水平,以在流感病毒感染過程中穩(wěn)定表達(dá)的Ppia作為內(nèi)參基因[16],用2-△△Ct法[17]進(jìn)行相對(duì)定量,每個(gè)樣本重復(fù)測(cè)定3次,用SPSS軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。
1.6小鼠組織器官中CIRP的分布及表達(dá)水平測(cè)定
按照免疫組化試劑盒說明書對(duì)石蠟切片進(jìn)行染色,用Nikon ECLIPSE 6200顯微數(shù)碼圖像采集系統(tǒng)采集免疫組化圖像信息,在每張切片隨機(jī)選取5個(gè)視野,用ImagePro-Plus6.0 (IPP6.0) 圖像分析軟件測(cè)定其陽(yáng)性顆粒的累積光密度值(integrated optical density,IOD),用SPSS軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理。圖像分析判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn):IOD≤100為陰性;100≤IOD≤2 000為弱陽(yáng)性;2 000≤IOD≤5 000為陽(yáng)性;IOD≥5 000為強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性[18]。
2.1H1N1甲型流感病毒成功感染小鼠
RT-PCR從感染小鼠肺中擴(kuò)增出一條約238 bp的條帶,大小與預(yù)期相符(圖1),說明PR-8感染了小鼠,成功建立了N1N1甲型流感病毒感染小鼠模型。
M.DNA相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Marker Ⅰ;1~3.感染小鼠肺組織樣本;4.陰性模板對(duì)照M.DNA marker Ⅰ;1-3.Lung samples of infected mice;4.Negative control圖1 RT-PCR檢測(cè)感染后48 h小鼠肺中PR-8 M基因的結(jié)果Fig.1 The result of PR-8 M gene in infected lungs 48 h PI detected by RT-PCR
2.2Cirp基因?qū)1N1甲型流感病毒感染的轉(zhuǎn)錄應(yīng)答
熒光定量RT-PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,CirpmRNA在健康小鼠的心、肝、脾和肺等器官中均有轉(zhuǎn)錄,在肝中轉(zhuǎn)錄量最低,其在心、脾和肺中的轉(zhuǎn)錄量分別為肝轉(zhuǎn)錄量的7.6、7.4和2.2倍(圖2)。CirpmRNA在感染H1N1甲型流感病毒后顯著升高,但在不同器官上升的時(shí)間點(diǎn)不同(圖3)。
2.3CIRP在小鼠組織器官中的定位及對(duì)H1N1甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答
免疫組化結(jié)果顯示,CIRP在健康小鼠和感染小鼠心肌細(xì)胞、肝細(xì)胞、肺泡上皮細(xì)胞、肺支氣管黏膜上皮細(xì)胞和脾淋巴細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞質(zhì)中表達(dá),甲型流感病毒感染未引起CIRP細(xì)胞定位的改變(圖4)。
圖2 健康小鼠各組織器官中Cirp基因的相對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)錄水平Fig.2 The relative transcription level of Cirp gene in the organs of healthy mice
*.差異顯著(P<0.05)*.Significant difference (P<0.05)圖3 小鼠各臟器Cirp基因?qū)1N1甲型流感病毒感染的轉(zhuǎn)錄應(yīng)答Fig.3 The transcription response of Cirp in mouse organs infected Influenza A Virus
A1.對(duì)照組小鼠心;A2.感染后96 h小鼠心;B1.對(duì)照組小鼠肝;B2.感染后120 h小鼠肝;C1.對(duì)照組小鼠脾;C2.感染后120 h小鼠脾;D1.對(duì)照組小鼠肺;D2.感染后24 h小鼠肺A1.Control group of heart tissue;A2 Experimental mice of 96 h-PI heart tissue;B1.Control group of liver tissue;B2.Experimental mice of 120 h-PI liver tissue;C1.Control group of spleen tissue;C2.Experimental mice of 120 h-PI spleen tissue;D1.Control group of lung tissue;D2.Experimental mice of 24 h-PI lung tissue圖4 CIRP在健康及感染小鼠器官中的分布(免疫組化ABC法,20×)Fig.4 Distribution of CIRP in healthy and infected mice (ABC IHC staining,20×)
圖5 CIRP對(duì)H1N1甲型流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答Fig.5 Response of CIRP to H1N1 influenza A virus infection
IPP6.0圖像定量分析結(jié)果顯示,CIRP在健康小鼠心和肺的表達(dá)呈強(qiáng)陽(yáng)性,在脾中的表達(dá)呈陽(yáng)性,在健康小鼠肝中的表達(dá)量為弱陽(yáng)性;CIRP在感染小鼠心、肝、脾和肺中的表達(dá)量有升高趨勢(shì),其中脾CIRP的表達(dá)量在感染后72 h顯著升高(圖5)。
已知CIRP存在于多種不同類型的細(xì)胞中,是哺乳動(dòng)物種間高度保守的多功能蛋白,參與對(duì)溫度[2]、H2O2[3]、缺氧[4]、滲透壓[5]等多種應(yīng)激的轉(zhuǎn)錄應(yīng)答,多種應(yīng)激因子誘導(dǎo)機(jī)體CIRP的表達(dá)量升高和/或發(fā)生核質(zhì)遷移,發(fā)揮細(xì)胞保護(hù)作用[2-7,15]。此外還參與胚胎發(fā)育、神經(jīng)調(diào)節(jié)[19]和生物鐘調(diào)節(jié)等生理過程,并參與機(jī)體對(duì)細(xì)菌的應(yīng)答,但CIRP對(duì)病毒感染的應(yīng)答未見報(bào)道。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)CIRP在甲型流感病毒感染小鼠心、肝、脾、肺等器官中無(wú)論是基因還是蛋白質(zhì)的水平均顯著升高,證明其具有參與機(jī)體對(duì)流感病毒感染應(yīng)答的功能。研究證明機(jī)體在LPS刺激下CIRP表達(dá)量升高,通過激活NF-κB信號(hào)通路誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生炎性因子,流感病毒感染能引發(fā)機(jī)體的炎性損傷,H5N1高致病性禽流感病毒刺激肺上皮細(xì)胞和巨噬細(xì)胞釋放大量細(xì)胞因子,在細(xì)胞因子風(fēng)暴中起重要作用[12]。在本研究中,CIRP在流感病毒感染小鼠體內(nèi)表達(dá)量升高,極有可能通過調(diào)節(jié)炎性因子的產(chǎn)生,進(jìn)而參與機(jī)體對(duì)流感病毒感染的應(yīng)答過程。
RNA結(jié)合蛋白家族的某些成員在流感病毒感染中發(fā)揮著重要作用。S.D.Shapira等[20]發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)RNA結(jié)合蛋白調(diào)控網(wǎng)絡(luò),能通過影響IFN-β的合成來抵抗機(jī)體對(duì)流感病毒的免疫作用,而RNA結(jié)合蛋白3(RanBP3)可通過Ser58位點(diǎn)的磷酸化作用促進(jìn)流感病毒vRNP的出核轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)[21]。ERK和NF-κB信號(hào)通路是流感病毒復(fù)制和機(jī)體起始免疫不可或缺的重要環(huán)節(jié)[22~25],因此推測(cè)作為這兩條信號(hào)通路的上游調(diào)控因子,CIRP在流感病毒感染過程中表達(dá)量升高也可能影響流感病毒的復(fù)制,其在流感病毒感染中的作用值得進(jìn)一步研究。
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(編輯白永平)
Cold-inducible RNA Binding Protein of Mice Involved in Response to Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
NIE Pei-ting1,2,TANG Cheng1,YUE Hua1*
(1.CollegeofLifeScienceandTechnology,SouthwestUniversityforNationalities,Chengdu610041,China;2.XinjiangTeconAnimalHusbandryBio-TechnologyCO.,LT,Urumqi830011,China)
Cold induced RNA binding protein (CIRP) is a highly conserved multifunctional protein among vertebrates,but its role in viral infection is unclear.The objective of this paper was to explore the response of CIRP to influenza virus infection.The BALB/c mice were intranasal inoculated with H1N1 influenza A virus.Three mice were randomly selected in each group and euthanized at 24,48,72,96,120 h post infection.The heart,liver,spleen and lung of each mouse were collected.Real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IMH) were used to detect the transcription ofCirpmRNA and expression of CIRP in each organ.The results of Real-time RT-PCR exhibited that theCirpmRNA significantly increased in all detected organs.The results of IMH test showed that CIRP protein was highly expressed in cytoplasm of myocardial cells,alveolar epithelial cells,bronchial epithelium cells and spleen lymphocytes.In summary,CIRP is involved in the response to influenza A virus infection,because CIRP can significantly regulate the production of inflammatory factors,the role of CIRP in influenza virus infection should be further studied.
cold-inducible RNA binding protein;influenza A virus;real-time RT-PCR;immunohistochemistry
10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.08.016
2015-12-28
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31172307);四川省教育廳創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)(13TD0057)
聶培婷(1989-),女,新疆霍城人,主要從事感染與免疫學(xué)研究,E-mail:540016852@qq.com
岳華,教授,E-mail:yhua900@163.com
S852.23
A
0366-6964(2016)08-1652-06