韋文娥,利基林,寧淑芳,劉海洲,蔡政民,張力圖
(廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院,南寧530021)
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EGFR 19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者預(yù)后比較
韋文娥,利基林,寧淑芳,劉海洲,蔡政民,張力圖
(廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院,南寧530021)
目的比較表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)19外顯子(19-del)突變和21外顯子L858R點(diǎn)突變型非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的預(yù)后。方法收集257例NSCLC患者,取其新鮮組織或石蠟包埋組織,采用ARMS-PCR法檢測(cè)EGFR基因型。收集臨床資料,定期隨訪,以死亡為終點(diǎn)事件,失訪或截止至末次隨訪時(shí)間尚未發(fā)生終點(diǎn)事件均納入截尾數(shù)據(jù),應(yīng)用SPSS17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果在257例患者中,19-del突變型134例,L858R突變型123例。兩種類型突變患者的臨床特征分布比較,P均>0.05。生存分析結(jié)果顯示,19-del突變型中位生存期為798 d,L858R突變型中位生存期為710 d,兩者的總生存期差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。進(jìn)一步對(duì)樣本進(jìn)行分層分析結(jié)果顯示,在漢族患者中,19-del突變型患者預(yù)后比L858R突變型患者好(P=0.047),在壯族中未觀察到差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。在不同年齡、性別、TNM分期和臨床分期上預(yù)后也沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。結(jié)論 EGFR 19-del突變和L858R突變型NSCLC患者總體上總生存期相似,但是在漢族中EGFR 19-del型突變患者預(yù)后較好。
肺腫瘤;表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體突變;19外顯子突變;21外顯子L858R突變;預(yù)后分析
目前世界上肺癌仍是男性癌癥死因中的首位[1]。非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)約占肺癌的80%[2,3]。根據(jù)2015 NSCLC指南,手術(shù)仍是肺癌的首選治療方法[4]。但是由于手術(shù)的局限性,部分患者不能進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療。晚期NSCLC患者可以獲益于分子靶向治療藥物如酪氨酸激酶抑制劑(TKI)[5]。表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)突變是NSCLC患者中最常見的基因改變[6, 7],EGFR突變患者對(duì)TKI比常規(guī)化療表現(xiàn)出更好的反應(yīng)率和更長(zhǎng)的無疾病進(jìn)展生存期[8~10]。19外顯子缺失突變(19-del)和21外顯子L858R點(diǎn)突變是EGFR突變中最常見的兩種亞型[11],但是這兩種突變患者的臨床療效和預(yù)后差異仍有爭(zhēng)議。本研究進(jìn)行了相關(guān)探討。現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1臨床資料收集2010年9月1日~2013年12月31日廣西醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬腫瘤醫(yī)院NSCLC(EGFR 19-del 或L858R突變型)患者257例,均通過組織病理檢查確診。男131例、女126例,年齡21~89歲、中位年齡58歲;腺癌237例,鱗癌8例,腺鱗癌12例;漢族191例,壯族62例,其他民族(包括仫佬和滿族)4例。分化程度為高分化25例、中分化90例、低分化101例,有41例患者因?yàn)槭菢?biāo)本的原因無法評(píng)估其分化程度;根據(jù)肺癌TNM分期,遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移119例,無遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移138例;臨床分期Ⅰ期43例,Ⅱ期18例,Ⅲ期76例,Ⅳ期120例。
1.2EGFR基因型的檢測(cè)采取新鮮手術(shù)切除組織,并進(jìn)行石蠟包埋組織切片。采用TIANamp基因組DNA試劑盒(天根生物技術(shù)有限公司),遵循實(shí)驗(yàn)手冊(cè)的操作規(guī)程提取DNA,并通過ARMS-PCR進(jìn)行EGFR基因檢測(cè),所用試劑盒為廈門艾德生物醫(yī)藥科技有限公司的EGFR檢測(cè)試劑盒。每一次實(shí)驗(yàn)都設(shè)立陽性和陰性對(duì)照,所有的基因檢測(cè)都是通過羅氏480 Ⅱ?qū)崟r(shí)熒光定量PCR系統(tǒng)檢測(cè),數(shù)據(jù)分析是通過儀器配套的羅氏480 v1.5版軟件來分析。PCR擴(kuò)增分三個(gè)階段,第一階段為95 ℃、5 min;第二階段為95 ℃、25 s,64 ℃、20 s,72 ℃、20 s,15個(gè)循環(huán);第三階段為93 ℃、25 s,60 ℃、35 s,72 ℃、20 s,31個(gè)循環(huán);熒光信號(hào)FAM和HEX在第三階段60 ℃時(shí)收集。通過確定Ct值來判斷結(jié)果,當(dāng)樣品的Ct值≥陰性臨界值時(shí),判為陰性或低于檢測(cè)下限;當(dāng)樣品某個(gè)反應(yīng)管的Ct值<陽性臨界值時(shí),則該反應(yīng)管判為強(qiáng)陽性;當(dāng)樣品某反應(yīng)管的Ct值≥陽性臨界值時(shí),需要計(jì)算該反應(yīng)管的ΔCt值(ΔCt值=突變Ct值-外控Ct值),ΔCt值<對(duì)應(yīng)管的ΔCt Cut-off值時(shí)該反應(yīng)管判為弱陽性,否則判為陰性或低于檢測(cè)下限。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。兩種突變臨床特征比較的差異分析采用χ2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher′s確切概率法。生存時(shí)間從手術(shù)或活檢后的第一天算起,隨訪截止至2015年12月31日。時(shí)間度量以天計(jì)算,終點(diǎn)事件為死亡,失訪和截止至末次隨訪時(shí)間尚未發(fā)生終點(diǎn)事件的患者均定義為刪失數(shù)據(jù),生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩種突變型NSCLC患者臨床特征比較見表1。
表1 EGFR 19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者臨床特征比較(例)
2.2生存分析結(jié)果本研究共收集257例NSCLC 患者,具有完整隨訪資料的有236例,死亡102例,失訪21例。其中19-del突變患者失訪13例,中位生存期為798 d;L858R突變患者失訪8例,中位生存期710 d。19-del和L858R突變患者總生存期比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.160,圖1)。應(yīng)用Cox回歸分析比較多個(gè)研究因素對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)率的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),臨床分期(Ⅰ~Ⅳ)級(jí)別越高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)越大(HR=2.471,95%CI:1.168~5.229,P=0.018)。進(jìn)一步在兩種突變患者中對(duì)臨床分期進(jìn)行分層分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)在Ⅰ~Ⅱ、Ⅲ~Ⅳ期中19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者的總生存期比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均>0.05,圖2)。同時(shí),我們還對(duì)本研究中的其他因素進(jìn)行了分層分析。根據(jù)民族劃分進(jìn)行漢族和壯族進(jìn)行生存分析發(fā)現(xiàn),漢族中19-del突變患者的中位生存期為789d,L858R突變患者為584d,兩者總生存期比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.047,圖3A),壯族中19-del突變型患者的中位生存期為796 d,L858R突變型患者的中位生存期為870 d,兩者總生存期比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.546,圖3B)。
圖1 EGFR 19-del和L858R突變患者生存曲線
圖2 不同臨床分期EGFR 19-del和L858R突變患者的生存曲線
圖3 漢族和壯族EGFR 19-del和L858R突變患者的生存曲線
肺癌作為世界上癌癥死因中最主要癌癥之一,得到了眾多學(xué)者的關(guān)注和研究。精準(zhǔn)醫(yī)療的正式提出使得NSCLC的靶向治療再次受到關(guān)注。EGFR基因突變的發(fā)現(xiàn)使得NSCLC的治療有了里程碑式的進(jìn)步。其基因突變檢出率在世界不同人群中的表現(xiàn)也各不一樣,變化幅度從8%至66%[11,12]。EGFR基因突變好發(fā)于亞洲、女性、非吸煙和腺癌患者。分子靶向藥物TKI如易瑞沙等對(duì)NSCLC EGFR突變型患者的療效也得到了肯定。Maemondo 等[9]對(duì)EGFR突變型患者分組進(jìn)行靶向藥物TKI治療和化療的療效比較發(fā)現(xiàn),一線靶向治療相比于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化療可以改善患者的無進(jìn)展生存期。Jackman等[13,14]的臨床研究也證實(shí)了靶向治療對(duì)EGFR突變型患者有明顯的改善作用,并且結(jié)果還顯示19-del突變型患者比L858R型突變患者有更長(zhǎng)的疾病進(jìn)展時(shí)間和總生存時(shí)間。但是Maemondo等[9, 14]的研究顯示,19-del和L858R突變型患者的總生存時(shí)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。本研究也進(jìn)行了兩種突變的預(yù)后分析,結(jié)果顯示EGFR 19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者在年齡、性別、TNM分期、臨床分期、組織學(xué)分型、分化和不同民族中的分布差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,與之前學(xué)者們的研究[14, 15]結(jié)果一致。我們對(duì)這兩種突變患者的總生存期進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示EGFR 19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者總生存期差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,與Maemondo等[9, 14]的研究結(jié)果一致。在以民族劃分進(jìn)行壯族和漢族的分層分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在漢族患者中,EGFR 19-del突變型患者相較于L858R突變型患者有更長(zhǎng)的總生存時(shí)間,與Jackman等[8, 14, 15]研究結(jié)果一致。但是在壯族患者中觀察到兩種突變患者的總生存時(shí)間差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。從基因突變率在不同人群的分布不同和前面提到的在西方人群與日韓人群中不同突變亞型預(yù)后不一致考慮,我們認(rèn)為不同地區(qū)不同民族不同人種有不同的基因背景可能是造成EGFR 19-del和L858R突變型NSCLC患者預(yù)后不一致的原因。當(dāng)然,也有可能是因?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象的數(shù)量不足或者研究對(duì)象的治療方法不一致及統(tǒng)計(jì)方法不一致引起的差異。接下來應(yīng)該更深入地探索這兩種突變?cè)跐h族和壯族患者中預(yù)后差異的原因。
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Comparison of prognosis between EGFR 19-del and L858R mutations in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer
WEIWen′e,LIJilin,NINGShufang,LIUHaizhou,CAIZhengmin,ZHANGLitu
(TheAffiliatedTumorHospitalofGuangxiMedicalUniversity,Nanning530021,China)
ObjectiveTo compare the prognosis between the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 (19-del) mutation and exon 21 L858R (L858R) mutation in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsTotally 257 cases of NSCLC patients were selected. The fresh tissues or paraffin embedding tissues were obtained, and the EGFR genotypes were detected by ARMS-PCR. Meanwhile, we collected the clinical data, and the patients were followed up by using the death as the end. Patients without follow-up or the patients who did not have the outcome until the end of the follow-up were all brought into the censored data. All data were analyzed by SPSS17.0 software. ResultsThere were 134 cases with 19-del mutation and 123 cases with L858R mutation in 257 patients. No significant difference was found in the distribution of clinical characteristic between the two groups (P>0.05). The survival analysis showed that the median survival time of 19-del mutation was 798 d and that of L858R mutation was 710 d, and the overall survival time had no statistical difference in these two groups (P>0.05). Subsequently, the result from the stratified analysis revealed that the prognosis in patients with 19-del mutation was better than that of L858R mutation in Han nationality (P=0.047), and no significant difference was found in Zhuang nationality (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the overall survival time showed no statistically difference in age, gender, TNM stages and clinical stages between 19-del and L858R mutations (allP>0.05). ConclusionThe overall survival time is the same between NSCLC patients with 19-del mutation and with L858R mutation, but the prognosis of patients with 19-del mutation is better than that of L858R mutation in Han nationality.
lung carcinoma; epidermal growth factor receptor mutation; exon 19 mutation; exon 21 L858R mutation; prognostic analysis
廣西科學(xué)研究與技術(shù)開發(fā)計(jì)劃基金資助項(xiàng)目(桂科攻1298003-2-8;桂科攻1355005-3-10)。
韋文娥(1987-),女,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤分子診斷。E-mail:weiwenehappy@163.com
簡(jiǎn)介:張力圖(1966-) ,男,主任技師,研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤分子診斷。E-mail:zhanglitu@gmail.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2016.17.007
R734.2
A
1002-266X(2016)17-0022-04
2016-01-08)