周鐵軍
(沈陽(yáng)市于洪區(qū)馬三家中心衛(wèi)生院內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110145)
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華法林抗凝治療慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的臨床療效
周鐵軍
(沈陽(yáng)市于洪區(qū)馬三家中心衛(wèi)生院內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110145)
【摘要】目的 探討華法林抗凝治療慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的臨床療效。方法 收集2012年1月至2014年7月于我院治療慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的109例患者為研究對(duì)象,將其隨機(jī)分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,對(duì)照組使用阿司匹林口服治療,實(shí)驗(yàn)組使用華法林口服治療,對(duì)兩組患者臨床療效及并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果 實(shí)驗(yàn)組:治療前左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fractions,LVEF)(mm)25.9±9.7,治療后LVEF(mm)30.6±10.3;心房顫動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)率42例(76.36%);并發(fā)癥:栓塞事件2例,出血6例,發(fā)生率14.55%。對(duì)照組:治療前LVEF(mm)25.2±10.4,治療后LVEF(mm)26.5±10.7;心房顫動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)率29例(53.70%);并發(fā)癥:栓塞事件9例,出血6例,發(fā)生率27.78%。兩組對(duì)比均P<0.05,存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異。結(jié)論 華法林抗凝治療慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)具有較好的臨床療效,推薦內(nèi)科醫(yī)師應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】華法林;阿司匹林;慢性重度心力衰竭;持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng);藥物療法
心力衰竭和心房顫動(dòng)是當(dāng)前心血管領(lǐng)域的兩大堡壘性疾病。2004年一項(xiàng)流行病學(xué)調(diào)查研究對(duì)我國(guó)14個(gè)省份和直轄市29079例30~85歲的自然人群進(jìn)行了統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,結(jié)果表明:心房顫動(dòng)患病率約為0.77%,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化率為0.61%。按此計(jì)算,我國(guó)目前心房顫動(dòng)病例超過(guò)800萬(wàn),其中1/3為陣發(fā)性心房顫動(dòng),2/3為持續(xù)或永久性心房顫動(dòng)[1]。心力衰竭合并心房顫動(dòng)在臨床上較為常見(jiàn),心力衰竭與心房顫動(dòng)?;橐蚬?,心力衰竭可致交感神經(jīng)興奮和心房間質(zhì)纖維化從而誘發(fā)心房顫動(dòng),而心房顫動(dòng)可致心房收縮功能異常從而進(jìn)一步加重心功能不全,持續(xù)心房顫動(dòng)患者容易出現(xiàn)血栓性腦梗死,如果患者沒(méi)有明顯用藥禁忌,都應(yīng)接受抗凝治療[1]。本研究將我院于2012年1月至2014年7月收治的慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的55例患者,在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行華法林抗凝治療,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果總結(jié)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 臨床資料:收集2012年1月至2014年7月于本院治療的慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)109例患者為研究對(duì)象,所有患者均符合慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)臨床診斷,將其隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組54例和實(shí)驗(yàn)組55例,其中男性68例,女性41例;年齡46~83歲,平均年齡(67.3±2.4)歲;主要病因有:心臟?。ǚ卧葱约案哐獕盒裕?、心肌病、冠心病等;所有患者心功能均為Ⅳ級(jí)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組在性別、年齡、病因及病情等信息無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
表1 兩組療效及并發(fā)癥情況比較
1.2 治療方法:所有患者均予強(qiáng)心、利尿、擴(kuò)血管常規(guī)治療,并予美托洛爾口服,起始劑量為6.25 mg,以后根據(jù)患者病情及耐受程度,每一周逐漸增加劑量。對(duì)照組在此常規(guī)基礎(chǔ)上給予阿司匹林口服,劑量為0.15克/次,每日1次;實(shí)驗(yàn)組則在此常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上加服華法林,華法林初始藥量為2.5毫克/次,每日1次,在服用華法林前先進(jìn)行INR測(cè)定,根據(jù)INR的變化狀況調(diào)整華法林劑量。每次增加0.8~1.125 mg,INR的數(shù)值穩(wěn)定在1.6~2.5。所有患者定期復(fù)查血常規(guī),肝腎功,凝血檢查。
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn):觀察兩組臨床療效及并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)方法:采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P <0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組對(duì)比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組療效(參考指標(biāo):治療前后LVEF水平、心房顫動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)率)優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,并發(fā)癥(栓塞事件、出血)發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(表1)。
因血液動(dòng)力學(xué)改變的慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)患者,其左心房極易形成血栓,脫落的血栓隨血液流動(dòng)至身體各臟器或者四肢小動(dòng)脈,導(dǎo)致被阻部位壞死,甚至死亡,防止血栓形成是預(yù)防并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的較好方法。華法林通過(guò)抑制維生素K的途徑,使維生素K依賴性凝血因子基化作用得到抑制,進(jìn)而起到抗凝作用[2-4]。因此華法林對(duì)于血栓形成的預(yù)防會(huì)起到很好的療效,但其有較高誘發(fā)出血等并發(fā)癥的可能,個(gè)體療效差異較大。通過(guò)本研究我們可以看出,華法林治療慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的臨床療效,要明顯優(yōu)于阿司匹林口服治療,腦梗死的發(fā)生率大大降低,且并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率也較低,推薦內(nèi)科醫(yī)師應(yīng)用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1] 專家筆談:心衰合并心房顫動(dòng)患者的抗凝治療[EB/OL]. http://ww w.yixue360.com/news/NewsView? action=21627.
[2] 張洪君,謝年謹(jǐn).華法林與阿司匹林對(duì)慢性重度心力衰竭合并持續(xù)性房顫患者臨床療效的比較[J].臨床心血管病雜志,2014,30(7):644-646.
[3] 郭玉雪,胡英允.華法林預(yù)防持續(xù)性房顫患者腦栓塞的療效[J].中國(guó)實(shí)用醫(yī)藥,2012,7(33):157.
[4] 聶娟,韓勇.難治性心力衰竭并發(fā)心房顫動(dòng)患者的藥學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)[J].醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2013,32(10):1370-1372.
中圖分類號(hào):R541.6
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B
文章編號(hào):1671-8194(2016)02-0005-02
Clinical Effect of Warfarin Anticoagulant T herapy for T reatment of Chronic Severe Heart Failure with Persistent Atrial Fibrillation
ZHOU Tie-jun
(Department of Internal Medicine, the Second People's Hospital of Yuhong District, Shenyang 110145, China)
[Abstract]Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of warfarin anticoagulation for treatment of severe chronic heart failure with persistent atrial fibrillation. Methods From January 2012 to July 2014, 109 cases with severe chronic heart failure with persistent atrial fibrillation in the second people's hospital of Yuhong District were selected as the research object, they were randomly divided into experimental group and control group; the control group received aspirin therapy, and the experimental group used oral warfarin therapy; the clinical efficacy and incidence rate of complications were compared between two groups. Results In the experimental group, the left ventricular ejection fraction(left ventricular ejection fractions, LVEF)is respectively (25.9 ±9.7)mm and (30.6±10.3)mm before and after treatment; atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate was 76.36% (42 cases); the occurrence rate of complications was 14.55%, including 2 cases of thromboembolism, bleeding in 6 cases. In the control group, LVEF is respectively (25.2±10.4)mm and (26.5±10.7)mm before and after treatment; atrial fibrillation cardioversion rate was 53.70%(29 cases); the occurrence rate of complications was 27.78%, including 9 cases of thromboembolism and hemorrhage in 6 cases. The comparison between two groups, P<0.05, there was statistical difference. Conclusion Clinical efficacy of warfarin for treatment of chronic severe heart failure with persistent atrial fibrillation is remarkable. It is recommended that internal physicians using the therapeutic regimen.
[Key words]Warfarin; Aspirin; Chronic severe heart failure; Persistent atrial fibrillation; Drug therapy