□邱世才
違反“規(guī)矩”的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
□邱世才
大家都知道“現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)”是表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。每一種時(shí)態(tài)都有其明顯的特征詞,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也不例外?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語通常為now,at the/this moment,these days/weeks等,以及祈使句中以listen!/ Look!等開頭的句子,引出現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的情景,表明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)正在進(jìn)行。當(dāng)然,有時(shí)也可根據(jù)語境或上下文來判斷。如:
The children are playing volleyball now.現(xiàn)在孩子們正在打排球。
Listen!She is talking to her mother in the next room.聽!她正在隔壁與她母親交談。
Don’t speak. The baby is sleeping.不要說話,嬰兒在睡覺。
但是,有些情況下的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)并非表示進(jìn)行意義,違反了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的“正在進(jìn)行”規(guī)則。此用法成為它在語法中的一大新亮點(diǎn)。不信,我們先在下列的例句里看個(gè)究竟。
(1)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。此時(shí)常與時(shí)間狀語this week,these days,at this time等連用。如:
These workers are building this bridge these months.這些工人們這幾個(gè)月一直在建設(shè)一座橋梁。(指現(xiàn)階段)
進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)在不少場(chǎng)合卻并非表達(dá)說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,但說話時(shí)并不一定正在進(jìn)行。如:
Is Tom working hard this term?湯姆這學(xué)期學(xué)習(xí)用功嗎?
They are working on farm these days.這些日子他們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)勞動(dòng)。
(2)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示馬上就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或安排在最近將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這類動(dòng)詞僅限于像go,come,leave,start,fly,arrive,move等少數(shù)位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。這些動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),給人一種期待感,它常常表示最近或較近的將來。如:
They are arriving at the factory tomorrow afternoon.他們明天下午到達(dá)工廠。
Mr. Li is moving to the city next week.下周李先生要搬到城里去。
(3)某些非轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞如do,meet等與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用,也表示將來,表示按計(jì)劃或安排最近要進(jìn)行或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。此時(shí),常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。do常用于What are you doing for...?結(jié)構(gòu)中,be doing...表示“眼下、現(xiàn)階段正在做”的事情,這種形式在日??谡Z中側(cè)重于表示將來的含義。如:
My friend is meeting me tomorrow afternoon.我朋友明天下午來見我。
What are you doing next week?下周你們要做什么?
(4)become,get,grow,turn等連系動(dòng)詞,與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)連用,表示一個(gè)變化過程,比起使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)更形象、更生動(dòng)。如:
It is getting colder and colder.天氣變得越來越冷了。
(5)與always,often等詞構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),表示一種習(xí)慣的、經(jīng)常重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。如:
He is always helping us.他總是幫助我們。
Mary is always talking about her son.瑪麗老是談?wù)撍膬鹤印?/p>
(6)與表示身體感覺的詞連用,往往帶有感情色彩。如:
How are you feeling today?你今天怎么樣?(表示關(guān)心)
特別鏈接:現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)有標(biāo)志,時(shí)間狀語是亮點(diǎn)。Look!Listen!放句首,句子多表進(jìn)行時(shí)。now,at the moment,表說話瞬間正進(jìn)行。
【現(xiàn)場(chǎng)操練】
下面是Xiao Hui同學(xué)以“What are the family doing”為題寫的一篇短文,其中有6處動(dòng)詞還沒落實(shí),請(qǐng)根據(jù)動(dòng)詞的提示,用其適當(dāng)形式完成短文,使短文通順完整。
What are the family doing
Look!What are the family doing now?Tom1(do)his homework. His sister Mary2(play)computer games. She3(like)it very much. She usually4(play)them on weekends. What are their father and grandfather doing?They5(play)chess. And what about their mother and grandmother?Oh!They6(talk). They are happy.
參考答案:1. is doing 2. is playing 3. likes 4. plays 5. are playing 6. are talking