王 學(xué) 彬
(武夷學(xué)院 數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院,福建 武夷山 354300)
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混合邊界條件下廣義二維多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程的解析解
王 學(xué) 彬
(武夷學(xué)院 數(shù)學(xué)與計(jì)算機(jī)學(xué)院,福建 武夷山 354300)
廣義多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程已被用于描述一些重要的物理現(xiàn)象,目前,有關(guān)該類方程在高維情形下滿足混合邊界條件的研究仍較少.利用分離變量法考慮有界區(qū)域上廣義二維多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程,方程中關(guān)于時(shí)間變量的分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)采用Caputo分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)的定義,其階分別定義在[0,1],[1,2].而關(guān)于空間變量的偏導(dǎo)數(shù)則定義為傳統(tǒng)的整數(shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)(二階),得到了有界區(qū)域上廣義二維多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程滿足非齊次混合邊界條件的解析解.亦可用于求解其他類型的滿足不同邊界條件的分?jǐn)?shù)階微分方程的解析解.
混合邊界條件;分離變量法;分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程
分?jǐn)?shù)階微積分是一個(gè)古老又新鮮的概念,早在1695年HOSPITAL曾寫(xiě)信給LEIBNIZ探討分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)的意義[1].隨后,科學(xué)家們都致力于此領(lǐng)域的研究,但由于缺乏應(yīng)用背景的支撐,發(fā)展較為緩慢.近幾十年,許多領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用研究發(fā)現(xiàn),分?jǐn)?shù)階模型具有經(jīng)典的整數(shù)階模型無(wú)法比擬的優(yōu)勢(shì)和不可替代性,進(jìn)而分?jǐn)?shù)階微積分理論和應(yīng)用研究成為熱點(diǎn)[1-3].
近年來(lái),涉及物理和力學(xué)過(guò)程的記憶和遺傳、路徑依賴和全局相關(guān)性的“反?!?擴(kuò)散引起了廣泛的關(guān)注[3].CHEN等[4]考慮了一維的多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階電報(bào)方程,王學(xué)彬等[5-8]分別利用分離變量法、譜表示法等得到了幾類高維的時(shí)間、空間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散波動(dòng)方程的解,并考慮了高維的多項(xiàng)時(shí)間空間Caputo-Riesz分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程的解析解[9].以上研究考慮的都是分?jǐn)?shù)階微分方程滿足第一類邊界條件即Dirichlet邊界條件下的定解問(wèn)題.文獻(xiàn)[10]得到了一維的時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程分別滿足第1類和第2類邊界條件下的解.本文將利用分離變量法得到廣義的二維多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階方程滿足一定初始條件和非齊次混合邊界條件時(shí)的解析解.
方便起見(jiàn),先介紹文中用到的一些定義及引理.
定義1[1]α階Caputo分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)定義如下:
m∈N.
(1)
定義2[11]對(duì)于實(shí)值函數(shù)(復(fù)值函數(shù))f(x),x>0,如果存在實(shí)數(shù)p>α使得f(x)=xpf1(x),其中f1(x)∈C[0,∞].則稱f(x)∈Cα,α∈R.
定義4[12]多元Mittag-Leffler函數(shù)(n維情況)定義如下:
E(a1,…,an),b(z1,z2,…,zn)=
(2)
其中b>0,ai>0,|zi|<∞,i=1,2,…,n.
特別地,當(dāng)n=1時(shí)為常見(jiàn)的一元Mittage-Leffler函數(shù):
(3)
引理1[12]當(dāng)μ>μ1>…>μn≥0,mi-1<μi≤mi,mi∈N0=N∪{0},λi∈R,i=1,2,…n.初值問(wèn)題
(4)
(5)
其中,
(6)
k=0,1,…,m-1.
(7)
E(.),β(x)=Eμ-μ1,…,μ-μn,β(λ1xμ-μ1,…,λnxμ-μn).
(8)
自然數(shù)lk,k=0,1,…,m-1, 且lk,k滿足條件mlk≥k+1,mlk+1≤k.當(dāng)mi≤k,i=1,2,…,n,取lk:=0,當(dāng)mi≥k+1,i=1,2,…n,取lk:=n.
考慮如下二維廣義多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程:
(9)
方程(9)滿足初始條件:
(10)
和非齊次混合邊界條件:
(11)
假設(shè)方程的解
u(x,y,t)=w(x,y,t)+v(x,y,t),
(12)
其中v(x,y,t)=A(t)x2y2+B(t)xy+C(t)x+D(t)y滿足邊界條件(11).將v(x,y,t)代入式(11)有
(13)
解方程組(13)得
(14)
從而有
v(x,y,t)=x2y2[μ1(y,t)x-μ2(x,t)-
yμ3(x,t)+μ0(y,t)]/(2L1xy2-
2L2x2y)+μ2(x,t)+μ0(y,t)+
xy[2L1y2μ3(x,t)-2L1yμ0(y,t)-
2L2x2μ1(y,t)+2L2xμ2(x,t)]/
(2L1xy2-2L2x2y).
(15)
而函數(shù)w(x,y,t)滿足齊次邊值條件
(16)
其中,
(17)
首先假設(shè)w(x,y,t)=X(x)Y(y)T(t),得到關(guān)于X(x),Y(y)的線性常微分方程:X″(x)+(λ-γ)X(x)=0, X(0)=X′(L1)=0,
(18)
Y″(y)+γY(y)=0, Y(0)=Y′(L2)=0,
(19)
及一個(gè)關(guān)于T(t)的分?jǐn)?shù)階線性常微分方程:
(20)
假設(shè)非齊次定解問(wèn)題(16)的解有如下形式:
(21)
(22)
由式(22)可以得到
(23)
將式(21),(22)代入式(16),有
(24)
fnm(t).
(25)
因?yàn)閣(x,y,t)滿足式(16)中的初始條件,則有
(26)
進(jìn)一步可得
(27)
(28)
(29)
(30)
這里多元Mittag-leffler函數(shù)E(a1,a2,…,an),b(z1,z2,…,zn)如定義4所示.
(31)
由式(12)、(15)、(31),得到二維廣義多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程(9)滿足初始條件(10)和混合邊界條件(11)的解為
u(x,y,t)=w(x,y,t)+v(x,y,t)=
(32)
利用分離變量法考慮了二維廣義多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程滿足非齊次混合邊界條件時(shí)的解析解問(wèn)題.方程中將關(guān)于時(shí)間的分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)定義為Caputo分?jǐn)?shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù)的形式、將關(guān)于空間變量的導(dǎo)數(shù)定義為經(jīng)典的整數(shù)階導(dǎo)數(shù),最后得到了由多元Mittag-Leffler函數(shù)表示的解,可將其推廣到三維廣義多項(xiàng)時(shí)間分?jǐn)?shù)階擴(kuò)散方程解析解的求解問(wèn)題中.該方法可作為對(duì)整數(shù)階擴(kuò)散方程求解的推廣,也為求解滿足混合邊界條件的其他類型分?jǐn)?shù)階微分方程的定解問(wèn)題提供了思路.
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Analytical solution of the generalized muti-term time-fractional diffusion equation in two-dimensions with mixed boundary condition.
WANG Xuebin
(SchoolofMathematicsandComputer,WuyiUniversity,Wuyishan354300,F(xiàn)ujianProvince,China)
Generalized multi-term time-fractional diffusion equations have been used to describe important physical phenomena. However, studies on multi-term time-fractional diffusion equations with mixed boundary conditions in high dimensional conditions are still limited. In this paper,a method of separating variables was effectively implemented to solve a generalized multi-term time-fractional diffusion equation (GMTDE) in a finite domain.In this equation, the multi-term time-fractional derivatives were defined in the Caputo sense, whose orders belonged to the intervals [0,1], [1,2], respectively. The space partial derivatives were classical integer order derivatives whose order were 2. We discussed and derived the analytical solution of the GMTDE in two dimensions meeting nonhomogeneous mixed boundary conditions.The technique reported can be applied to other kinds of fractional differential equations with different boundary conditions.
mixed boundary conditions;method of separating variables; time-fractional diffusion equation
2015-3-26.
福建省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(2016J01682);福建省本科高校教育教學(xué)改革研究項(xiàng)目(JAS151344);武夷學(xué)院青年教師專項(xiàng)科研基金(xq201022);武夷學(xué)院質(zhì)量工程項(xiàng)目(Jgzk201019).
王學(xué)彬(1976-),ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1066-3524,男,碩士,副教授,主要從事分?jǐn)?shù)階微積分研究,E-mail:wxbnp@163.com.
10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2016.04.005
O 241.82
A
1008-9497(2016)04-406-05
Journal of Zhejiang University(Science Edition), 2016,43(4):406-410