饒任東孫勍彭新計(jì)莉張永彬王寧單希征安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)武警總醫(yī)院臨床學(xué)院(合肥3003)中國(guó)武裝警察部隊(duì)總醫(yī)院眩暈病研究所(北京00039)
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梅尼埃病眼肌前庭誘發(fā)肌源性電位的臨床研究
饒任東1孫勍2彭新2計(jì)莉2張永彬2王寧2單希征1
1安徽醫(yī)科大學(xué)武警總醫(yī)院臨床學(xué)院(合肥230032)
2中國(guó)武裝警察部隊(duì)總醫(yī)院眩暈病研究所(北京100039)
【摘要】目的通過(guò)對(duì)梅尼埃病(Meniere disease,MD)患者眼肌前庭誘發(fā)肌源性電位(ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential,oVEMP)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,進(jìn)一步探討梅尼埃病患者oVEMP的臨床特征。方法對(duì)66例梅尼埃病患者及27例年齡、性別與之匹配的健康人進(jìn)行oVEMP測(cè)試,分析對(duì)比oVEMP的引出率及各參數(shù)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果oVEMP在病例組患側(cè)的引出率為41.7%、健側(cè)為55%,對(duì)照組為100%;患側(cè)與健側(cè)比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),患側(cè)、健側(cè)與對(duì)照組比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。病例組患側(cè)、健側(cè)及對(duì)照組間oVEMP的振幅及不對(duì)稱(chēng)比均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P<0.05),然各波潛伏期相比無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。整體來(lái)講,梅尼埃病患者oVEMP引出率隨聽(tīng)力學(xué)分期升高而呈逐漸下降趨勢(shì)。結(jié)論梅尼埃病患者無(wú)論健側(cè)還是患側(cè),其oVEMP異常均較顯著,且以患側(cè)變化顯著,提示MD患者的橢圓囊功能受損,oVEMP可用于評(píng)估MD患者橢圓囊功能,且進(jìn)一步對(duì)其診療作出指導(dǎo)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】梅尼埃病,眼肌前庭誘發(fā)肌源性電位,橢圓囊,前庭
梅尼埃?。∕D)是特發(fā)性內(nèi)耳疾病,已證實(shí)內(nèi)耳病理改變?yōu)槟っ月贩e水[1],目前診斷依據(jù)主要依靠2015年ICVD提出的梅尼埃病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2],即(1)、2次或2次以上自發(fā)性眩暈發(fā)作,每次持續(xù)20分鐘至12小時(shí),(2)、患耳至少一次在眩暈發(fā)作前,發(fā)作期間或發(fā)作后,有經(jīng)電測(cè)聽(tīng)證實(shí)的低-中頻感音性聽(tīng)力喪失,(3)、波動(dòng)性聽(tīng)力下降、耳鳴、悶脹感等患耳癥狀,(4)、不能由另一個(gè)前庭疾病更好的解釋。組織病理學(xué)研究表明:梅尼埃病積水最常發(fā)生在耳蝸,然后是球囊、橢圓囊、半規(guī)管[3-5]。因此梅尼埃病可引起前庭功能紊亂,前庭功能檢查技術(shù)可客觀的反應(yīng)此變化。臨床上常用冷熱水試驗(yàn)來(lái)評(píng)估水平半規(guī)管功能狀態(tài),梅尼埃病患者冷熱水試驗(yàn)異常率較低[6]。因膜迷路積水首先累及至球囊、橢圓囊,所以我們應(yīng)用VEMP評(píng)估球囊及橢圓囊功能狀態(tài)。
VEMP包括頸源性與眼源性VEMP兩部分,頸源性前庭誘發(fā)肌電位(cervical VEMP,cVEMP),是指氣導(dǎo)聲(air-conducted sound,ACS)或骨導(dǎo)振動(dòng)(bone-conducted vibration,BCV)刺激興奮球囊,在胸鎖乳突肌上記錄的肌電活動(dòng),反映了前庭-丘反射(vestibulo-collic reflex)通路,主要評(píng)估球囊功能。眼肌前庭誘發(fā)肌源性電位(ocular VEMP,oVEMP)通過(guò)耳ACS及BCV刺激[7],于對(duì)側(cè)收縮的眼外肌記錄到短潛伏期的肌電反應(yīng)[8-11]。oVEMP主要反應(yīng)的是橢圓囊功能,其傳導(dǎo)通路稱(chēng)為前庭-眼動(dòng)反射,即耳石器至對(duì)側(cè)眼外肌的通路。oVEMP作為橢圓囊的客觀測(cè)試法,較核磁共振可視化膜迷路造影技術(shù)更廉價(jià)且方便快捷。為進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)oVEMP臨床使用價(jià)值,本文將對(duì)oVEMP于梅尼埃病膜迷路積水的診斷價(jià)值進(jìn)行分析。
1.1臨床資料
27例(54耳)無(wú)耳聾、耳鳴、眩暈及噪音接觸史,經(jīng)純音測(cè)聽(tīng)、聲導(dǎo)抗測(cè)試確定聽(tīng)力正常者(其中男性9例、女性18例)及66例梅尼埃病患者(其中男性36例,女性30例)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):根據(jù)2015年ICVD提出的梅尼埃病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]確診為已患有梅尼埃病。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):梅尼埃病伴良性陣發(fā)性位置性眩暈(begin paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV);500Hz時(shí)骨氣導(dǎo)間距大于20dB,眼球運(yùn)動(dòng)障礙及其他相關(guān)性眩暈疾病。根據(jù)AAO-HNS[1]標(biāo)準(zhǔn),梅尼埃病采用聽(tīng)力學(xué)分期,即于0.5,1.0,2.0,3.0kHz平均聽(tīng)閾,其中Ⅰ期聽(tīng)閾≤25dBnHL、Ⅱ期26-40dBnHL、Ⅲ期41-70dBnHL、Ⅳ期>70dBnHL。所有患者均為新入院患者,以避免藥物對(duì)oVEMP結(jié)果的影響。
本研究得到了2組入選者的知情同意,且得到了醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。
1.2oVEMP測(cè)試方法
oVEMP的測(cè)試是采用GN OTOMETRICS A/S公司生產(chǎn)的聽(tīng)覺(jué)誘發(fā)電位儀(ICS Chartr EP型),測(cè)試前先行電耳鏡、純音測(cè)聽(tīng)等檢查。測(cè)試于安靜的電屏蔽室內(nèi)進(jìn)行,受檢者取端正坐位,刺激聲為95dB nHL、500Hz短純音,記錄參數(shù)為:刺激重復(fù)率5.1次/ s,累加次數(shù)200次,記錄時(shí)窗50ms,帶通濾波10Hz-1kHz。使用插入式耳機(jī)給聲刺激。電極安放位置:清潔面部相應(yīng)部位皮膚后,參考電極置于下頦中央[12];接地電極置于眉間,記錄電極交叉置于下眼瞼中央下方。囑受試者于給聲刺激時(shí)雙眼以30°的視角向上注視約2m遠(yuǎn)的固定目標(biāo)點(diǎn),盡量避免眨眼及閉眼,以維持穩(wěn)定的眼外肌張力。
1.3oVEMP參數(shù)分析
oVEMP波形可見(jiàn)約在10ms出現(xiàn)的負(fù)波(N1)及約在15ms出現(xiàn)的正波(P1),要求相同刺激下,波形重復(fù)性較好視為引出;無(wú)重復(fù)性或無(wú)有效波形引出視為oVEMP未引出(正常波形如圖1)。oVEMP記錄參數(shù)包括N1、P1潛伏期(ms),P1-N1間期(ms),P1-N1振幅(uV)及兩耳間振幅的不對(duì)稱(chēng)比AR。N1、P1潛伏期為測(cè)試開(kāi)始至N1波谷、P1波峰之間的間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng)(ms),P1-N1間期為N1波谷至P1波峰間隔時(shí)長(zhǎng)(ms),P1-N1振幅為P1波峰至N1波谷間垂直距離(uV);不對(duì)稱(chēng)比為:兩耳的振幅差絕對(duì)值比兩耳的振幅之和,記為:|右耳-左耳|/(右耳+左耳)×100%。
1.4數(shù)據(jù)處理
采用SPSS17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析,每組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行正態(tài)分布檢驗(yàn),均服從正態(tài)分布;實(shí)驗(yàn)室數(shù)據(jù)以+S表示;組間比較采用兩樣本均數(shù)的t檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
圖1 此為正常oVEMP波形,同側(cè)各波重復(fù)性較好Fig.1 This is the normal oVEMP waveform,the same side of the wave reproducibility is better
實(shí)驗(yàn)組包括66例梅尼埃病患者,其中雙側(cè)梅尼埃病患者6人。因此有72患耳,健側(cè)60耳。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力學(xué)分期,患耳其中Ⅰ期15耳,Ⅱ期6耳、Ⅲ期30患耳、Ⅳ期21患耳。健康受試者54耳。
2.1引出率
對(duì)照組健康受試者oVEMP引出率為100%,而實(shí)驗(yàn)組患耳及健側(cè)耳oVEMP引出率較之明顯降低,其中患耳引出率為41.7%(30/72),健側(cè)耳引出率為55% (33/60)。健側(cè)耳引出率較患耳稍增高,但卻明顯低于健康受試耳(詳見(jiàn)表1)?;级制谂c引出率關(guān)系可見(jiàn)表2,可見(jiàn)隨聽(tīng)力損失程度加大,患耳及健側(cè)耳引出率均可見(jiàn)不同程度下降。
由表1可見(jiàn),MD組患側(cè)與健側(cè)之間oVEMP引出率(χ2=0.777,P=0.378)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;而患側(cè)耳與健康受試者之間引出率(χ2=38.391,P=0.000)差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;健側(cè)耳與健康受試者之間引出率(χ 2=27.665,P=0.000)差異也有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。由表2可見(jiàn),整體來(lái)講引出率隨梅尼埃病分期升高而逐漸下降趨勢(shì),Ⅱ、Ⅲ期梅尼埃病引出率相同,可能原因是Ⅱ期例數(shù)偏少導(dǎo)致,可進(jìn)一步觀察研究。
2.2潛伏期
據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)患耳N1、P1的潛伏期分別為10.468± 0.223ms、15.716±0.959ms,P1-N1間期為5.251± 0.931ms;健側(cè)耳N1、P1潛伏期及P1-N1間期分別為10.742±0.841ms、16.226±1.872ms,5.483± 1.490ms;而健康受試耳N1、P1潛伏期及P1-N1間期分別為10.752±0.849ms,16.365±1.242ms,5.612± 1.142ms(詳見(jiàn)表3)。
表1 MD組和健康對(duì)照組oVEMP引出率比較Table 1 MD group and healthy control group oVEMP positive rate comparison
表2 梅尼埃病分期與oVEMP引出率的關(guān)系Table 2 The relationship between the rate of Meniere's disease stage and oVEMP extraction rate
表3 MD組和健康對(duì)照組oVEMP各波潛伏期比較Table 3 the oVEMP wave latency comparison between MD group and control group
由表3可見(jiàn),梅尼埃病組患側(cè)和健側(cè)P1、N1潛伏期及P1-N1均值差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=1.87,P= 0.291;t=-0.999,P=0.330;t=0.424,P=0.677);梅尼埃病組患側(cè)和健康對(duì)照組P1、N1潛伏期及P1-N1均值差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-1.038,P=0.304;t=-1.569,P=0.122;t=0.935,P=0.354);同理也得出梅尼埃病組健側(cè)和健康對(duì)照組P1、N1潛伏期及P1-N1均值差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-0.059,P=0.953;t=-2.477,P=0.160;t=-0.318,P=0.752)。
2.3振幅及其不對(duì)稱(chēng)比
梅尼埃病患者VEMP可引不出,可振幅減低,也可增大。于梅尼埃病早期,可見(jiàn)振幅增大,而晚期則主要見(jiàn)振幅減低及未引出波形。為方便統(tǒng)計(jì),未引出側(cè)振幅記為1uV。其中患側(cè)振幅為5.170± 6.309uV,健側(cè)耳振幅為6.595±7.941uV,健康對(duì)照組振幅為14.844±8.641uV。梅尼埃病組患側(cè)和健側(cè)振幅均值差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t= 0.663,P=0.511);而健康對(duì)照組耳與患側(cè),健側(cè)均值差異均有有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-4.143,P=0.000;t=-2.989,P=0.004)。患者兩耳不對(duì)稱(chēng)比為43.542±31.421,健康受試者不對(duì)稱(chēng)比為16.541±8.163,兩者相比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=-4.363,P=0.000)。
表4 MD組和健康對(duì)照組oVEMP振幅及不對(duì)稱(chēng)比比較Table 4 the oVEMP wave amplitude and asymmetry ratio comparison between MD group and control group
梅尼埃?。∕eniere disease,MD)是特發(fā)性內(nèi)耳疾病,已證實(shí)內(nèi)耳病理改變?yōu)槟っ月贩e水[1],臨床表現(xiàn)為反復(fù)發(fā)作的旋轉(zhuǎn)性眩暈,波動(dòng)性感音神經(jīng)性聾,伴耳鳴、耳悶脹感,間歇期無(wú)眩暈,可持續(xù)耳鳴。近年來(lái),對(duì)梅尼埃病患者的oVEMP研究發(fā)現(xiàn)梅尼埃病較對(duì)照組閾值升高、引出率減少,振幅降低、兩耳間不對(duì)稱(chēng)比值增大、潛伏期延長(zhǎng),乃至波形消失。MRI內(nèi)耳成像研究也表明VEMP的引出率與前庭內(nèi)淋巴水腫嚴(yán)重程度呈負(fù)相關(guān)[13,14]。oVEMP起源于橢圓囊及其傳入神經(jīng)[15],主要反映的是對(duì)側(cè)耳橢圓囊功能,其傳導(dǎo)通路稱(chēng)為前庭-眼動(dòng)反射,即耳石器至對(duì)側(cè)眼外肌的通路。梅尼埃病病理改變?yōu)槟っ月贩e水,在組織學(xué)上,膜迷路積水的發(fā)生發(fā)展依次為耳蝸、球囊、橢圓囊和半規(guī)管,且次序與顳骨解剖所見(jiàn)部位積水程度相關(guān)。故oVEMP異常出現(xiàn)于梅尼埃病晚期[16]。
梅尼埃病oVEMP異常表現(xiàn)在引出率降低,潛伏期延長(zhǎng)、振幅降低,閾值增高。我們研究中見(jiàn)患側(cè)引出率為41.7%,與林少蓮等[17]報(bào)導(dǎo)的44.74%相差不大。較Huang等[4]研究中引出率35%偏高。稍低于2011年Taylor等[18]研究中50%引出率,也低于Rauch[19],Winters等[20]研究中的引出率??傮w而言,我們研究所得引出率較先前報(bào)道相差不大。由表2可知隨聽(tīng)力學(xué)分期增加,oVEMP引出率逐漸減小。
此外,振幅也可見(jiàn)較明顯改變。我們觀察到大部分患者雙側(cè)oVEMP振幅減小,Taylor[18],Rauch[19]及Winters[20]等研究也觀察到振幅減低。我們也可觀察到9例患耳振幅較正常值偏大,其中Ⅰ期3例,Ⅲ期6例。此前也有報(bào)導(dǎo)表明梅尼?;颊遫VEMP可見(jiàn)振幅增大,Wen等[21]報(bào)導(dǎo)早期梅尼埃病患者可見(jiàn)oVEMP振幅增大、潛伏期提前。初步考慮為橢圓囊與橢圓囊導(dǎo)管間存在瓣膜,以防止內(nèi)淋巴流出橢圓囊而保持其壓力不變。根據(jù)梅尼埃發(fā)作的膜破裂機(jī)制,球囊破裂可能導(dǎo)致球囊內(nèi)壓力減低,因此cVEMP減低。相反,橢圓囊壓力無(wú)明顯變化,導(dǎo)致橢圓囊代償性增大,而引起oVEMP增大。Manzari等[22]報(bào)導(dǎo)梅尼埃發(fā)作期oVEMP振幅較靜息期顯著增大,而cVEMP振幅只是稍增大。據(jù)結(jié)果也可觀察到,患者與健康受試者不對(duì)稱(chēng)比差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,此與大多數(shù)報(bào)導(dǎo)結(jié)果是一致的。但需注意的是,倘若單側(cè)梅尼埃病患者雙耳皆引出oVEMP波形,則其不對(duì)稱(chēng)比將偏低。
研究可觀察到患者雙耳oVEMP潛伏期均較健康受試者無(wú)明顯差異,此與de Waele[23]、Rauch[19]及Winters[20]等人研究結(jié)果一致。而Murofushi[24]及Akkuzu[25]等則觀察到潛伏期延長(zhǎng)。
捐贈(zèng)者的顳骨解剖表明,單側(cè)梅尼?;颊?5%對(duì)側(cè)有球囊水腫[26],稱(chēng)為無(wú)癥狀性水腫。這意味著水腫形成不一定跟患者癥狀相關(guān)[27]。在我們研究中,可觀察到與健康受試者相比,健側(cè)耳引出率降低,振幅減小。健側(cè)耳與患側(cè)耳各參數(shù)相比,均表現(xiàn)為P>0.05,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。故內(nèi)淋巴積水導(dǎo)致的組織病理學(xué)改變不僅可見(jiàn)于患耳。有研究表明臨床上35%健側(cè)無(wú)癥狀耳也可見(jiàn)上述改變[26]。組織病理學(xué)及oVEMP檢查異??赡転榘l(fā)病前改變。大約有2%—47%健側(cè)耳最終也發(fā)展成梅尼埃?。?8]。也有研究表明,54%單側(cè)梅尼埃病患者雙耳為同等程度的內(nèi)耳病理改變,46%患者始為不同程度改變,而后逐漸發(fā)展為同程度內(nèi)耳病理改變[29]。因此膜迷路積水等病理改變常發(fā)生在患者雙耳。
本研究通過(guò)對(duì)梅尼埃病患者及健康對(duì)照組oVEMP檢測(cè)及分析,反映了梅尼埃病患者患側(cè)、健側(cè)的橢圓囊功能受累情況以及梅尼埃病不同時(shí)期橢圓囊功能受損程度。且oVEMP是一項(xiàng)無(wú)創(chuàng)性檢查技術(shù),操作較為簡(jiǎn)便,患者無(wú)明顯不適感。因此,氣導(dǎo)oVEMP可用于評(píng)估梅尼埃病橢圓囊功能,且進(jìn)一步對(duì)其診療作出指導(dǎo)。
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Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in patients with Meniere's disease
RAO Rendong1,SUN Qing2,PENG Xin2,JI Li2,ZHANG Yongbin2,WANG Ning2,SHAN Xizheng1
1 College of Clinical Medicine,General Hospital of Armed Police Forces,Anhui Medical University,Hefei,230032,China
2 Institute of Dizziness,General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces,Beijing 100039,China
Corresponding author:SHAN XizhengEmail:sxzent@163.com
【Abstract】Objectives To report ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential(oVEMP)results in a group of patients with Meniere's disease.Methods We enrolled 66 patients with Meniere's disease as the observation group and 27(54 ears)age- and gender-matched normal subjects as the control group.Both patients and normal subjects underwent conventional oVEMP tests in bilateral ears.The results of the affected ears were compared with the contralateral ears and with the normal controls.Results oVEMPs were elicited in 30 affected ears(41.7%),33 contralateral ears(55.0%)and all normal ears (100.0%).Difference in response rate was not found between the affected ears and the contralateral ears(P>0.05),but between both affected ears and contralateral ears in patients and the normal controls(P<0.05).There were differences in the amplitude and asymmetry ratio among the affected ears,contralateral ears and control ears(P<0.05),but not in the latency.Overall,in patients with Meniere's disease,the rate of successful oVEMPs induction decreased as hearing grades worsened.Conclusion The rate of oVEMP responses in patients with Meniere's disease(in both the affected and contralateral ears,but especially in the affected ear)is significantly lower than in normal subjects,suggesting damage to utricular functions in these patients.oVEMP examination can be used to evaluate utricular functions in Meniere's disease,and guide diagnosis and treatment.
【Keywords】Meniere's disease,ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential,utricular function,vestibule
【中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)】R764
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】A
【文章編號(hào)】1672-2922(2016)02-181-5
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2016.02.011
作者簡(jiǎn)介:饒任東,碩士研究生,研究方向:耳鼻咽喉頭頸外科
通訊作者:?jiǎn)蜗U鳎珽mail:sxzent@163.com
收稿日期:(2016-01-22審核人:于黎明)