屠呦呦成為首位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)獎的中國公民，讓國人感到自豪。然而輿論卻并不是一面倒的贊譽。有些人質(zhì)疑獎項只頒發(fā)給屠呦呦一人，這對團隊其他成員是否公平呢？顯然，屠呦呦獲諾貝爾獎引發(fā)的爭議折射出了中西方評獎的文化沖突。

Tu Youyou， an 84-year-old woman scientist， became the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5， 2015. While the news has made the Chinese people have national pride， it has also highlighted1 differences in prize-awarding practices between China and the world.

2015年10月5日，84歲的女科學(xué)家屠呦呦成為第一位獲得諾貝爾科學(xué)類獎項的中國公民。她獲獎的消息讓中國人充滿了民族自豪感，也將中外評獎標準的差異推向了輿論的中心。

Tu， a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine， shared the 2015 Nobel Prize for Medicine with Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi Omura of Japan for unlocking revolutionary2 treatments for parasitic3 diseases. Campbell and Omura were honored for their treatment used to against roundworms， while Tu came up with a new drug for malaria4.

屠呦呦，中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院（China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine）研究員，同愛爾蘭科學(xué)家威廉·坎貝爾和日本科學(xué)家大村智一起獲得了2015年諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎，以表彰他們在寄生蟲疾病治療研究方面取得的開創(chuàng)性成就。坎貝爾和大村發(fā)現(xiàn)了有效治療線蟲的藥物，而屠呦呦則創(chuàng)制了新型抗瘧疾藥物。

Tu conducted research in the 1970s that led to the discovery of artemisinin5， a drug that has considerably6 cut the number of malaria deaths and saved millions of lives. The treatment is based on a herb7 used in Chinese traditional medicine， called sweet wormwood8. Artemisinin-based drugs are now the standard treatment for malaria.

20世紀70年代，屠呦呦就開始進行（抗瘧疾藥物）研究，最終發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素。青蒿素大幅度地降低了瘧疾患者的死亡率，拯救了千百萬人的生命。這種瘧疾療法是由中醫(yī)草藥——青蒿而來。目前，使用青蒿素復(fù)方藥物已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的標準療法。

When news broke that Tu was being awarded the prize， there were cheers as well as doubts. Some said the achievement was the result of collective efforts by lots of Chinese scientists， so it is unfair to award the prize only to Tu， China Youth Daily reported.

當屠呦呦獲獎的消息被報道后，有人歡呼，也有人質(zhì)疑。《中國青年報》報道：有人認為青蒿素的發(fā)現(xiàn)是大批中國科學(xué)家集體努力的成果，而諾獎卻只頒給了屠呦呦，這顯然不公平。

Indeed， domestic9 science awards are mainly presented to projects， instead of individual10 scientists， the newspaper pointed out.

該報還指出：國內(nèi)的科學(xué)獎項確實主要都是頒給科研項目而非科學(xué)家個人。

But Western awards tend to honor individual scientists who are the first to come up with a new idea or method， said Li Zhenzhen， a researcher with the China Academy of Sciences. “The West believes that the progress of science originates11 from individuals creative minds，” added Li.

中國科學(xué)院（China Academy of Sciences）研究員李真真告訴記者，西方獎項更傾向于將榮譽授予第一個提出某個新理念或新方法的科學(xué)家。李真真還補充道：“西方科學(xué)界認為科學(xué)的進步緣起于個人的獨創(chuàng)性思想?！?/p>

Tu got the award for three “firsts”. She was the first to bring artemisinin to her project team， the first to extract12 a form of artemisinin that can altogether inhibit13 malaria， and the first to complete a clinical trial14， according to Zhang Boli， director of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

屠呦呦獲獎因為她的三個“第一”。中國中醫(yī)科學(xué)院院長張伯禮院士說，屠呦呦是第一個把青蒿素帶到項目組的人；她也第一個提取出有100%抑制力的青蒿素；她還是第一個做臨床實驗的人。

“Awarding prizes to scientists with creative ideas is the source of national innovation15，” Li suggested. “The key is to create fair rules to find the most convincing16 person.”

李真真認為：“獎勵提出原創(chuàng)思想的科學(xué)家才是國家創(chuàng)新的源泉，關(guān)鍵是設(shè)定合理規(guī)則選出讓人信服的那一個人。”