龐書杰,宿鑫成,楊寧,張海斌,朱楠,楊廣順
(第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)附屬東方肝膽外科醫(yī)院 肝外五科,上海 200438)
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術(shù)前血清CA19-9水平對乙肝相關(guān)性肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌根治術(shù)后預(yù)后影響分析
龐書杰,宿鑫成,楊寧,張海斌,朱楠,楊廣順
(第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)附屬東方肝膽外科醫(yī)院 肝外五科,上海 200438)
[摘 要]目的 評估術(shù)前血清糖類抗原19-9(carbohydrate antigen19-9,CA19-9)水平對乙肝相關(guān)性肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌(hepatitis B virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,HBV-ICC)根治術(shù)后預(yù)后的影響。方法 連續(xù)收集我院2007年1月至2009年10月行手術(shù)根治治療的143例HBV-ICC患者的臨床及隨訪資料。根據(jù)術(shù)前CA19-9水平,將患者分為CA19-9升高組(>37 U/mL)與CA19-9正常組(≤37 U/mL),并借助軟件SPSS20.0比較兩組的臨床病理學(xué)和預(yù)后差異。結(jié)果 CA19-9升高組臨床癥狀陽性率,ALT、堿性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)、谷胺酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶(γ-glutamyltransferase,γ-GT)等術(shù)前水平明顯高于CA19-9正常組(P<0.05),而且,CA19-9升高組更易出現(xiàn)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及微血管侵犯(P<0.05)。CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組1、3和5年的總體生存率分別為82% vs 58%,65% vs 28%和52% vs 20%(P<0.001)。CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組1、3和5年的無瘤生存率分別為69% vs 37%,51% vs 20%和45% vs 15%(P<0.001)。結(jié)論 術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高是HBV-ICC患者根治性肝切除術(shù)后預(yù)后差的危險(xiǎn)因素。
[關(guān)鍵詞]肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌;血清糖類抗原19-9(CA19-9);根治性肝切除術(shù);預(yù)后
肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌(intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma,ICC)是發(fā)生于肝內(nèi)二級及以上膽管上皮細(xì)胞的惡性腫瘤,為繼肝細(xì)胞癌后肝內(nèi)第二大常見的原發(fā)性肝癌,約占原發(fā)性肝癌的10%~15%[1]。近年來,肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)病率倍增,但是其發(fā)病機(jī)制目前尚不明確。肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石、先天性膽管囊腫,肝臟華支睪血吸蟲感染等被證實(shí)是ICC發(fā)病的危險(xiǎn)因子;而HBV或HCV感染、糖尿病病史、吸煙、肝硬化等被認(rèn)為是ICC發(fā)病的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素[1-3]。多項(xiàng)薈萃分析[4-6]已證實(shí)肝炎病毒感染能夠增加ICC的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并有多項(xiàng)臨床研究[7-8]發(fā)現(xiàn)HBV-ICC與HBV相關(guān)性肝細(xì)胞癌(HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma,HBV-HCC)具有相似的流行病學(xué)特征,并推測HBV-ICC與HBV-HCC具有相似的腫瘤發(fā)生機(jī)制,HBVICC可能是一種特殊類型的膽管惡性腫瘤。
CA19-9最初是由Koprowski等[9]在結(jié)腸癌細(xì)胞系中分離發(fā)現(xiàn)的。由于CA19-9對于診斷膽道腫瘤的特異性不高,以往,臨床上只將其作為膽道腫瘤的輔助診斷指標(biāo)。近來,已有多項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高對膽管癌及胰腺癌的預(yù)后有重要影響,證實(shí)CA19-9不僅是膽道及胰腺腫瘤的輔助診斷指標(biāo),還是膽管癌及胰腺癌預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素[10-12]。但是,術(shù)前CA19-9水平對HBV-ICC這類特殊的膽管細(xì)胞腫瘤的預(yù)后意義尚不清楚,本文通過回顧性隊(duì)列研究來評估術(shù)前CA19-9水平對HBV-ICC預(yù)后的影響。
1.1一般資料
篩選我院2007年1月至2009年12月根治性肝切除治療的HBV-ICC患者。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)術(shù)后病理檢查確診為ICC,乙肝血清學(xué)檢查乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)陽性或乙肝核心抗體(HBcAb)陽性;(2)腫瘤首發(fā),行根治性肝切除治療的ICC患者;(3)術(shù)后隨訪資料完整,可進(jìn)行預(yù)后分析。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):圍手術(shù)期死亡患者;ICC合并HCC患者;乙肝血清學(xué)檢查結(jié)果不明確;合并其他明確的ICC發(fā)病危險(xiǎn)因素的患者(如肝血吸蟲病和肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石等);隨訪資料不完整或失訪者。
排除合并肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石患者17例,血吸蟲病患者5例(其中1例患者合并肝內(nèi)膽管結(jié)石),圍手術(shù)死亡患者3例,共有143例患者納入此回顧性研究,其中女51例,男92例,年齡34~77歲,中位年齡55歲。收集患者的臨床基線資料、血液學(xué)檢查指標(biāo)、腫瘤組織病理學(xué)結(jié)果及預(yù)后資料?;€資料包括患者的性別、年齡、民族、腫瘤病史及家族史、臨床癥狀和乙肝感染病史等。血液學(xué)檢查指標(biāo):術(shù)前及術(shù)后第1、3、5天肝功能指標(biāo)(血清總膽紅素、ALT、AST、堿性磷酸酶、谷胺酰轉(zhuǎn)肽酶、白蛋白),術(shù)前及術(shù)后1個(gè)月腫瘤相關(guān)指標(biāo)(血清甲胎蛋白、CA19-9)。組織病理學(xué)資料包括腫瘤大小、微血管侵犯、腫瘤數(shù)目、淋巴結(jié)侵犯、腫瘤TMN分期等。如腫瘤多發(fā),則以最大腫瘤的直徑記作腫瘤大??;術(shù)前影像學(xué)或術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)門靜脈、肝靜脈或膽管癌栓則視為非根治性切除。腫瘤TMN分期參照AJCC 2007版ICC的TMN分期。根據(jù)患者術(shù)前血清學(xué)CA19-9水平分為CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組(我院CA19-9正常參考值范圍為0~37 U/mL,患者術(shù)前血清CA19-9≥37 U/mL則納入升高組,否則納入正常組)。
1.2手術(shù)情況
肝切除術(shù)式包括按照Couinaud分段法行肝段切除、聯(lián)合肝段切除、肝葉切除等解剖性肝切除術(shù)式和部分肝切除及腫瘤剜除法等非解剖性肝切除術(shù)式。肝切除前以Pringle-maneuver法行肝門阻斷,肝門阻斷達(dá)30 min,需恢復(fù)肝臟血供5 min,再次阻斷肝門,記錄肝門阻斷總時(shí)間。術(shù)前及術(shù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)肝門部淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移需行肝門部淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù),并放置銀夾,以備術(shù)后局部放療治療。根治性切除定義為:完整切除腫瘤病灶,術(shù)后鏡下檢查切緣無癌細(xì)胞殘留;術(shù)前影像學(xué)或術(shù)中探查提示肝門部淋巴結(jié)侵犯,需行肝門部淋巴結(jié)清掃術(shù)。
1.3術(shù)后隨訪
本研究以患者手術(shù)日期作為起點(diǎn),隨訪截止日期為2014年10月。所有患者術(shù)后1個(gè)月復(fù)查肝腎功能、腫瘤相關(guān)指標(biāo)(甲胎蛋白、CA19-9、癌胚抗原)、乙肝血清學(xué)指標(biāo)及腹部B超或肝臟CT。術(shù)后第1年每3個(gè)月復(fù)查上述檢查,從第2年起每6個(gè)月復(fù)查上述檢查,如發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑病灶,則進(jìn)一步行肝臟增強(qiáng)CT或MRI檢查。對患者家屬進(jìn)行電話隨訪以取得患者術(shù)后生存或復(fù)發(fā)信息。術(shù)后總體生存時(shí)間定義為患者手術(shù)日期至死亡的時(shí)間。術(shù)后無瘤生存時(shí)間定義為患者手術(shù)日期至確診腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)的時(shí)間。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
本研究所有統(tǒng)計(jì)分析采用SPSS 20.0。計(jì)量資料行t檢驗(yàn)比較組間差異,計(jì)數(shù)資料組間比較應(yīng)用x2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher精確概率法實(shí)現(xiàn)。Kaplan-Meier法繪制生存曲線,Log-rank法比較組間差異,P<0.05認(rèn)為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1患者肝炎感染血清學(xué)指標(biāo)情況
本組143例HBV-ICC患者肝炎病毒感染血清學(xué)指標(biāo)具體情況如表1所示。
表1 143例HBV-ICC患者肝炎病毒血清學(xué)指標(biāo)情況
2.2HBV-ICC患者術(shù)前血清C19-9水平與臨床病理學(xué)的關(guān)系
在基線資料方面,CA19-9升高組比CA19-9正常組更易出現(xiàn)臨床癥狀(包括上腹悶脹不適,黃疸,腹部包塊等)(P<0.05),性別構(gòu)成、年齡等因素兩組無差異;血清學(xué)檢查指標(biāo)方面,CA19-9升高組ALT、ALP、γ-GT水平明顯高于CA19-9正常組(P<0.05),兩組總膽紅素、AST、甲胎蛋白(AFP)水平無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異;腫瘤病理學(xué)方面,兩組在腫瘤數(shù)目、腫瘤大小、腫瘤分化程度方面無明顯差異,CA19-9升高組更易伴發(fā)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移及微血管侵犯(P<0.05)。另外,雖然兩組在腫瘤TNM分期方面無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但是CA19-9升高組更傾向于進(jìn)展期的TNM分期(P=0.063)。具體情況見表2。
表2 CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組臨床病理學(xué)資料差異的比較
2.3術(shù)前CA19-9水平對HBV-ICC患者預(yù)后的影響
術(shù)前CA19-9組與CA19-9正常組1,3和5年的總體生存率分別為82% vs 58%,65% vs 28%和52% vs 20% (P<0.001),見圖1。CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組1,3和5年的無瘤生存率分別為69% vs 37%,51% vs 20%和45% vs 15%(P<0.001),見圖2。
肝內(nèi)膽管細(xì)胞癌(ICC)是一種少見的原發(fā)性惡性肝臟腫瘤,中國ICC發(fā)病率約為7.5/100 000[1]。由于ICC的發(fā)病率低,以往針對術(shù)前CA19-9水平與ICC預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究較少。近期,Luo等[13]的一項(xiàng)隊(duì)列研究提示,術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高是ICC根治術(shù)后預(yù)后差的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。Liu等[14]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高與膽管癌預(yù)后差相關(guān),相對危險(xiǎn)度為1.28。Hsu等[15]的一項(xiàng)前瞻性隊(duì)列研究表明,在肝細(xì)胞癌中,術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高也是預(yù)后差的危險(xiǎn)因素。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)其臨床病理學(xué)特點(diǎn)與HBV-HCC具有很多相似性,但是,目前HBV-ICC的預(yù)后與各種腫瘤標(biāo)記物如CA19-9、AFP及CEA等的關(guān)系尚不清楚,研究術(shù)前CA19-9的水平對HBV-ICC預(yù)后的影響,一方面對于HBV-ICC的治療策略與術(shù)后監(jiān)測有實(shí)際臨床意義,另一方面對于HBV-ICC異質(zhì)性的研究也有重要意義。
圖1 CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組HBV-ICC患者術(shù)后1,3,5年總體生存率曲線比較
圖2 CA19-9升高組與CA19-9正常組HBV-ICC患者術(shù)后1、3、5年無瘤生存率曲線比較
本研究納入我院2007年至2009年根治性手術(shù)治療的143例HBV-ICC患者,根據(jù)術(shù)前CA19-9水平分為CA19-9升高組與正常組,就其臨床病理學(xué)變化及預(yù)后差異進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):CA19-9升高組相比于正常組,更易出現(xiàn)上腹部悶漲等臨床癥狀;術(shù)前AST、ALP、γ-GT水平明顯高于CA19-9正常組;更容易出現(xiàn)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移或血管侵犯。兩組腫瘤TNM分期無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,但CA19-9升高組患者更傾向于腫瘤進(jìn)展期。兩組預(yù)后差別非常明顯,無論是術(shù)后總體生存率還是無瘤生存率,CA19-9正常組都明顯優(yōu)于CA19-9升高組。
CA19-9是一種低聚糖類腫瘤相關(guān)抗原。在結(jié)腸癌、膽管癌及胰腺癌等惡性疾病中,CA19-9血清水平均可升高。Schlieman等[16]和Safi等[17]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),CA19-9水平可能與腫瘤負(fù)荷有關(guān),高CA19-9水平可能預(yù)示著高的腫瘤負(fù)荷。Ye等[18]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高CA19-9水平可能與結(jié)腸癌腫瘤細(xì)胞表皮間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化過程相關(guān)。多項(xiàng)研究提示ICC病例術(shù)前CA19-9升高更容易出現(xiàn)淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移[10-12,19]。本研究結(jié)果CA19-9增高HBV-ICC患者淋巴轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生率明顯高于正常,與之一致。這種現(xiàn)象也常出現(xiàn)在胃癌、結(jié)腸癌肝轉(zhuǎn)移中[20-21];Hsu等[15]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在肝細(xì)胞癌中,術(shù)前CA19-9升高會提高患者的血管受侵率,本研究結(jié)果顯示,CA19-9升高組中,腫瘤微血管侵犯現(xiàn)象明顯增多。淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和微血管侵犯已被多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí)是ICC預(yù)后的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[13,22-23]。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),CA19-9升高患者,術(shù)前γ-GT水平明顯高于CA19-9正?;颊?。而已有研究表明術(shù)前γ-GT水平升高是ICC預(yù)后的危險(xiǎn)因素[24]??偟膩碚f,以上種種因素可能共同作用導(dǎo)致術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高的HBV-ICC患者術(shù)后預(yù)后較差,但其具體發(fā)生機(jī)制尚需進(jìn)一步研究。Chen等[25]的基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在肝細(xì)胞癌中,CA19-9升高組具有更激進(jìn)的生物學(xué)行為,類似于雙表型肝細(xì)胞癌。
術(shù)前CA19-9水平升高是HBV-ICC患者根治性肝切除術(shù)后預(yù)后差的危險(xiǎn)因素。術(shù)后監(jiān)測血清CA19-9水平可能對監(jiān)測腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)有重要意義。本研究為回顧性研究,樣本量也不甚充足,研究結(jié)果尚需后續(xù)大樣本量、前瞻性研究證實(shí)。
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(本文編輯:張海燕,魯翠濤)
·論著 臨床研究·
Efffect of preoperative serum level of CA19-9 on the prognosis of HBV-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients after curative hepatectomy: a retrospective cohort study
PANG Shu-jie, SU Xin-Cheng, YANG Ning, ZHANG Hai-bin, ZHU Nan, YANG Guang-shun. Department V of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Affiliated to Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
AbstractObjective To evaluate the prognostic effect of preoperative serum level of CA19-9 on hepatitis B virus-associated intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (HBV-ICC) patients after curative hepatectomy. Methods The clinicopathological and follow-up data of 143 HBV-ICC patients underwent curative hepatectomy in our hospital from Jan. 2007 to Dec. 2009 were collected consecutively. According to preoperative serum CA19-9 levels, these patients were divided into the elevated group (CA19-9>37 U/mL) and the normal group (CA19-9≤37 U/mL),then clinicopathlogical and prognostic differences is between two groups were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. Results Compared with the normal group, the elevated group tended to have a higher positive symptom rate and an elevated level of ALT, ALP and γ-GT (P<0.05). Lymph node metastasis and microvascular invasion were more prevalent in elevated group than that in the normal group. The 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival rates for the elevated group and the normal group were 82% vs 58%, 65% vs 28% and 52% vs 20% (P<0.001), respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year recurrence free survival rates for the elevated group and the normal group were 82% vs 58%,65% vs 28% and 52% vs 20% (P<0.001). Conclusion Elevated preoperative serum CA19-9 level is a risk factor for poor prognosis of HBV-ICC patients after curative hepatectomy.
Key wordsintrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; serum carbohydrate antigen19-9; curative hepatectomy; prognosis
[通訊作者簡介]楊廣順,主任醫(yī)師,博士,E-mail:gs_yang00@yahoo.com。
[第一作者簡介]龐書杰(1989-),男,河南南陽人,在讀碩士。宿鑫成(1989-),男,山東煙臺人,碩士。龐書杰與宿鑫成為并列第一作者。
[基金項(xiàng)目]十二五艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大傳染病防治專項(xiàng)(2012ZX10002-017)。
[收稿日期]2015-08-10
[中圖分類號]R735.8
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼]A
DOI:10.11952/j.issn.1007-1954.2016.03.004