韋成相+雷奇+張福蓉+崔一+郭婉萍+欒春雨+趙晶+權(quán)春善

摘 要： 對(duì)3種市售水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖復(fù)合微生物制劑進(jìn)行菌群數(shù)量檢測(cè)，利用選擇性計(jì)數(shù)培養(yǎng)基，采用平板計(jì)數(shù)法和MPN法，分別對(duì)3種微生物制劑中的不同菌群進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)。結(jié)果表明，選擇性計(jì)數(shù)培養(yǎng)基能對(duì)復(fù)合微生物制劑進(jìn)行有效的菌群計(jì)數(shù)，初步確定3種水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖復(fù)合微生物制劑主要由放線菌、芽孢桿菌、乳酸菌、酵母菌、硝化細(xì)菌五大類菌群組成，制劑菌群種類和數(shù)量與標(biāo)注有一定偏差，粉劑中有少量霉菌檢出。本研究提供的選擇性計(jì)數(shù)培養(yǎng)基及計(jì)數(shù)方法能夠有效對(duì)市售復(fù)合微生物制劑產(chǎn)品中不同菌群進(jìn)行計(jì)數(shù)，為評(píng)估同類產(chǎn)品的安全性和有效性奠定基礎(chǔ)。

關(guān)鍵詞： 水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖；復(fù)合微生物制劑；微生物菌群；選擇性計(jì)數(shù)

中圖分類號(hào)：S942.3 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A DOI 編碼：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2016.05.010

Analysis of Microbial Flora Quantity of Compound Microbial Preparations for Aquaculture

WEI Chengxiang1，LEI Qi1，ZHANG Furong1，CUI Yi2，GUO Wanping1， LUAN Chunyu1， ZHAO Jing1，QUAN Chunshan1

（1. State Ethnic Affairs Commission-Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering， College of Life Science， Dalian Nationalities University， Dalian， Liaoning 116600， China；2. School of Biological Engineering， Dalian Polytechnic University， Dalian， Liaoning 116034， China）

Abstract： Microbial flora quantity detection was carried out aiming at three commercial compound microbial preparations for aquaculture. Colony quantity of different flora in three preparations was counted using plate counting method and MPN method with selective colony count media. The results showed that effective colony count for different microbial flora in compound microbial preparations could be achieved using the selective colony count media. Three preparations mainly consist of five categories including actinomyces， bacilli， lactobacilli， yeasts and nitrifying bacteria. However， for categories of flora and colony quantities of different flora there is a certain deviation between detected results and product description in three preparations. A small amount of molds was also detected in the powder preparation. The selective colony count media and counting methods provided by this study could be used for testing commercial compound microbial preparations for aquaculture. This study laid the foundation for evaluating safety and effectiveness of similar products.

Key words： aquaculture；compound microbial preparation；microbial flora；selective counting

隨著養(yǎng)殖技術(shù)水平的提高和市場(chǎng)需求的擴(kuò)大，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)已趨向集約化、高密度、高產(chǎn)出的養(yǎng)殖模式。這也導(dǎo)致了水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖過程中廢棄物大量增加，污染日趨嚴(yán)重，對(duì)水生動(dòng)物的生長(zhǎng)繁殖形成危害。生態(tài)防治逐漸成為水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)發(fā)展的側(cè)重點(diǎn)[1]。水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑是有益菌種通過人工篩選培育和生物技術(shù)生產(chǎn)后，所制備的專門用于水產(chǎn)生物養(yǎng)殖的活菌制劑。微生物制劑具有廉價(jià)、高效、無污染、安全無毒等優(yōu)越性能，能夠調(diào)節(jié)水產(chǎn)動(dòng)物和養(yǎng)殖水體的微生態(tài)平衡，達(dá)到提高養(yǎng)殖品種健康水平及改良養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境的目的，目前已在國(guó)內(nèi)外得到廣泛應(yīng)用[2]。

由于市場(chǎng)需求旺盛，水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑商品種類繁多，如EM菌、光合細(xì)菌、芽孢桿菌菌劑等都屬水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖微生物制劑產(chǎn)品。然而，由于生產(chǎn)廠家技術(shù)水平不一致、檢測(cè)手段不完善、管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一和監(jiān)督不到位等諸多問題，該類產(chǎn)品存在著標(biāo)注不完整、活菌總數(shù)與標(biāo)注不符等現(xiàn)象，產(chǎn)品之間質(zhì)量差異較大，其有效性和安全性有待評(píng)估[1-4]。

目前對(duì)于復(fù)合微生物制劑進(jìn)行菌群計(jì)數(shù)的研究較少，本研究以市售3種水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖復(fù)合微生物制劑為原料，利用選擇性計(jì)數(shù)培養(yǎng)基及合理計(jì)數(shù)方法，采用平板計(jì)數(shù)法和MPN法，對(duì)3種微生物制劑中不同菌群進(jìn)行活菌計(jì)數(shù)，旨在為同類產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量檢測(cè)及評(píng)估提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。