馮莉芳,張玲莉
(武漢大學人民醫(yī)院 1.感染科; 2.藥學部,湖北 武漢 430060)
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榭皮素對皮層神經(jīng)元細胞氧化應激的保護作用
馮莉芳1,張玲莉2
(武漢大學人民醫(yī)院 1.感染科; 2.藥學部,湖北 武漢 430060)
目的 探討榭皮素對皮層神經(jīng)元細胞氧化應激的保護作用。方法 原代培養(yǎng)皮層神經(jīng)元細胞,隨機分成對照組、H2O2(100 μmol/L)組、榭皮素組(Qu組)、AMPK抑制劑Compound C組(CC組)、H2O2+Qu組、H2O2+Qu+CC組,采用CCK8法檢測細胞存活率,活性氧檢測試劑盒檢測細胞內(nèi)活性氧,ELISA試劑盒檢測βA表達水平,Western blot檢測AMPK、p-AMPK及BACE1蛋白表達水平。結(jié)果 CCK8結(jié)果顯示,榭皮素可明顯降低H2O2對皮層神經(jīng)元細胞存活率的抑制作用,并可顯著降低H2O2誘導細胞內(nèi)ROS及βA的表達;進一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),榭皮素可通過激活AMPK,上調(diào)p-AMPK的表達水平來達到抑制BACE1酶的表達。結(jié)論 H2O2刺激神經(jīng)元細胞可上調(diào)氧化應激水平,榭皮素可通過促進AMPK的磷酸化,降低βA在細胞中的沉積,進一步下調(diào)ROS在細胞中的表達,從而減緩了H2O2對神經(jīng)元細胞造成的損傷。
榭皮素; 神經(jīng)元細胞; 氧化應激
老年癡呆癥,又名阿爾茨海默癥,是一種進行性發(fā)展的致死性神經(jīng)退行性疾病。研究表明體內(nèi)膽固醇平衡異??梢鹕窠?jīng)退行性病變[1],體內(nèi)外實驗證實高濃度膽固醇參與老年癡呆癥的發(fā)病過程,可直接調(diào)節(jié)淀粉樣前蛋白(APP)的分解過程,促進β-淀粉樣蛋白(βA)在體內(nèi)的積累[2-3]。除此之外,膽固醇誘導的大腦氧化應激和神經(jīng)元炎癥反應,可促進大腦βA的積累并加快老年癡呆癥的發(fā)病過程。研究表明降膽固醇藥物(如他汀類藥物)可降低βA的合成及沉積,并可降低老年癡呆的發(fā)病風險[4-5]。
榭皮素(quercetin,Qu),一種天然的黃酮類化合物,具有較強的抗氧化和抗炎癥活性,對神經(jīng)退行性疾病、糖尿病、癌癥及肥胖均有良好的療效[6-11]。AMP激活蛋白激酶(AMPK)是一種絲氨酸/蘇氨酸蛋白激酶,可調(diào)節(jié)細胞內(nèi)代謝和能量平衡[12],AMPK蘇氨酸(172位)磷酸化可減少活性氧(ROS)的合成[13]。因此,AMPK可能是治療H2O2引起的神經(jīng)元毒性的潛在靶點。本實驗以皮層神經(jīng)元細胞為模型,評估榭皮素對H2O2誘導的神經(jīng)退行性疾病的影響,并對其潛在的神經(jīng)元保護作用機制進行初步的探討。
1.1 材料
榭皮素(Sigma,CAS No.117-39-5,≥99%);Compound C(AMPK抑制劑,SELLECK,≥99%);DMEM培養(yǎng)基(Gibcol公司);胎牛血清(FBS,Gibcol公司);GAPDH抗體、p-AMPK抗體、AMPK抗體及BACE1抗體均購自GeneTex (USA);CCK-8試劑盒購置武漢谷歌生物有限公司;ELISA試劑盒購自Boster公司;原代大鼠皮層神經(jīng)元細胞購自基爾頓生物科技有限公司。
1.2 主要儀器
ISO14644-1型超凈工作臺(天津泰斯特);Spectra max plus 384型酶標儀(Molecular Devices公司);Odyssey近紅外掃描儀(LI-COR Biosciences)。
2.1 神經(jīng)元細胞原代培養(yǎng)與分組
原代培養(yǎng)大鼠皮層神經(jīng)元細胞用高糖培養(yǎng)基(DMEM)培養(yǎng),成分包括10%(φ)FBS、1%青霉素-鏈霉素雙抗,于5%(φ)CO2、37 ℃培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),待細胞貼壁便可用于細胞模型構(gòu)建及藥物處理。H2O2氧化損傷模型的建立以及H2O2濃度參考文獻[14]進行。將培養(yǎng)好的細胞分為6組:對照組、H2O2(100 μmol/L)組、榭皮素組(Qu組)、Compound C組(CC組)、H2O2+Qu組、H2O2+Qu+CC組。
2.2 統(tǒng)計學分析
2.3Qu對神經(jīng)元細胞存活率的影響
將神經(jīng)元細胞重懸后,以1×105個/孔細胞數(shù)接種于96孔板中,細胞分組同上。待細胞貼壁生長到80%~90%后,棄去舊培養(yǎng)基,每組細胞加入相應的Qu(10μg/mL)或CC(2μg/mL)處理細胞24h后,加入100μmol/L的H2O2處理細胞24h后,吸棄舊培養(yǎng)基,每孔加入含10μLCCK8試劑新鮮培養(yǎng)基100μL,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)1h后取出置于酶標儀中,于450nm處測定吸光度值。結(jié)果如圖1所示,H2O2組和H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞存活率分別為(47.3±2.03)%、(51.7±3.12)%,顯著低于對照組細胞存活率(85.4±3.15)%;而H2O2+Qu組、CC組、Qu組細胞存活率分別為(72.5±2.64)%、(69.8±1.94)%和(68.4±2.45)%,顯著高于H2O2組細胞存活率,說明Qu可以改善由H2O2引起的神經(jīng)元細胞的損傷。
1.對照組; 2.H2O2組; 3.H2O2+Qu組; 4.H2O2+Qu+CC組; 5.Qu組; 6.CC組(下同)。與對照組比較:*P<0.05;與H2O2組比較:#P<0.05。
圖1 榭皮素對H2O2處理的皮層神經(jīng)元細胞存活率的影響
Figure 1 Effect of quercetin on cell survival of neurons (n=3)
2.4 Qu對神經(jīng)元細胞中ROS的影響
將神經(jīng)元細胞重懸后,以1×106個/孔細胞數(shù)接種于6孔板中,細胞分組同上。待細胞貼壁生長到80%~90%后,棄去舊培養(yǎng)基,每組細胞加入相應的Qu(10 μg/mL)或CC(2 μg/mL)處理細胞24 h后,加入100 μmol/L的H2O2處理細胞24 h后,采用活性氧檢測試劑盒檢測ROS的含量。結(jié)果如圖2所示,H2O2組和H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞中ROS的相對表達水平顯著高于對照組細胞,而H2O2+Qu組、CC組、Qu組細胞中ROS的相對表達水平則顯著低于H2O2組細胞,說明Qu可以降低由H2O2引起的神經(jīng)元細胞的氧化應激損傷。
2.5 Qu對神經(jīng)元細胞中βA40和βA42表達的影響
將神經(jīng)元細胞重懸后,以1×106個/孔細胞數(shù)接種于6孔板中,細胞分組同上。待細胞貼壁生長到80%~90%時后,棄去舊培養(yǎng)基,每組細胞加入相應的Qu(10 μg/mL)或CC(2 μg/mL)處理細胞24 h后,
與對照組比較:*P<0.05;與H2O2組比較:#P<0.05。
圖2 榭皮素對H2O2處理的皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中ROS表達水平的影響
Figure 2 Effect of quercetin on the levels of ROS expression in neurons (n=3)
加入100 μmol/L的H2O2處理細胞24 h后,采用ELISA試劑盒檢測神經(jīng)元細胞培養(yǎng)基中βA40和βA42的表達水平。結(jié)果如圖3所示,H2O2組和H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞中βA40和βA42的表達水平顯著高于對照組細胞;H2O2+Qu組、CC組、Qu組細胞中βA40和βA42的表達水平則顯著低于H2O2組細胞;而H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞中βA40和βA42的表達水平顯著低于H2O2組細胞(均為P<0.05)。說明Qu可以降低由H2O2引起的神經(jīng)元細胞中βA40和βA42沉積,進一步減少ROS的產(chǎn)生。
2.6 Qu對神經(jīng)元細胞中AMPK、p-AMPK及BACE1表達水平的影響
將神經(jīng)元細胞重懸后,以1×106個/孔細胞數(shù)接種于6孔板中,細胞分組同上。待細胞貼壁生長到80%~90%時后,棄去舊培養(yǎng)基,每組細胞加入相應的Qu(10 μg/mL)或CC(2 μg/mL)處理細胞24 h后,加入100 μmol/L的H2O2處理細胞24 h后,采用BCA試劑盒測定蛋白濃度,采用Western blot技術檢測蛋白表達水平,每孔上樣40 μg蛋白質(zhì)進行凝膠電泳,電泳完成后將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜,然后一抗孵育過夜,洗膜3次后二抗孵育1 h,利用Odyssey近紅外掃描儀對GAPDH、AMPK、p-AMPK(Thr172)、BACE1表達水平進行檢測。結(jié)果如圖4所示,H2O2組和H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞中p-AMPK(Thr172)的表達水平顯著低于對照組細胞,而H2O2+Qu組、CC組、Qu組細胞中p-AMPK的表達水平則顯著高于H2O2組細胞;AMPK、BACE1在H2O2+Qu組、CC組、Qu組細胞中的表達下調(diào),說明Qu可以促進AMPK的磷酸化,進一步抑制了BACE1的表達,阻滯了APP向βA的轉(zhuǎn)變,達到改善神經(jīng)元細胞氧化應激的損傷。
綠茶、兒茶素、姜黃色素及榭皮素等黃酮類化合物對老年癡呆癥有著良好的治療效果[15],其中榭皮素具有廣泛的藥理作用,生物活性較強。因此,本實驗評估了榭皮素對由H2O2誘導皮層神經(jīng)元細胞氧化應激及神經(jīng)元毒性的保護作用,并對其潛在的作用機制進行了探討。AMPK在調(diào)節(jié)脂質(zhì)代謝、能量平衡和食物攝取過程中起著關鍵的作用[16],AMPK的磷酸化可以增強脂肪酸氧化代謝過程,抑制脂肪酸、膽固醇、蛋白質(zhì)的生物合成代謝過程,并且AMPK的活化可以被劇烈運動、營養(yǎng)缺失及動脈缺血缺氧所調(diào)控,還可以被天然化合物榭皮素或姜黃素所調(diào)控[17-18]。本實驗中榭皮素可以促進AMPK的磷酸化,導致p-AMPK在皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中的表達水平升高,抑制了BACE1蛋白的表達,引起APP的γ裂解生成βA量降低,減少了βA在細胞中的沉積,進一步降低了皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中氧化應激的水平,改善了由H2O2誘導的細胞損傷。
與對照組比較:*P<0.05; 與H2O2組比較:#P<0.05。 圖3 榭皮素對H2O2處理的皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中βA40和βA42表達水平的影響Figure 3 Effect of quercetin on the levels of βA40 and βA42 expression in neurons (n=3)
與對照組比較:*P<0.05; 與H2O2組比較:#P<0.05。
圖4 榭皮素對H2O2處理的皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中AMPK、p-AMPK(Thr172)、BACE1表達水平的影響
Figure 4 Effect of quercetin on the levels of AMPK,p-AMPK (Thr172) and BACE1 expression in neurons (n=3)
實驗結(jié)果表明榭皮素對皮層神經(jīng)元細胞的保護作用部分依賴于AMPK的活化。除此之外,榭皮素能明顯降低βA40和βA42在細胞中的表達水平,并且這一過程可被AMPK抑制劑阻斷。說明βA在細胞中的沉積可能是由于AMPK活化受到抑制而導致BACE1蛋白酶表達上調(diào),促進了APP的γ裂解。H2O2+Qu+CC組細胞中βA40和βA42的表達水平顯著低于H2O2組細胞,可能是因為榭皮素還可通過其他通路來調(diào)節(jié)βA在皮層神經(jīng)元細胞中的沉積,而這些通路不被AMPK抑制劑所阻斷。綜上所述,榭皮素對皮層神經(jīng)元細胞所受氧化應激的保護作用可通過激活AMPK來實現(xiàn),通過減少βA在細胞中的沉積,降低ROS在細胞中的表達,起到改善神經(jīng)元毒性的效果。
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(責任編輯:幸建華)
Protection effect of quercetin on oxidative stress-induced cortical neuron injury
FENG Lifang,ZHANG Lingli
(1.DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases; 2.DepartmentofPharmacy,RenminHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430060,China)
Objective To investigate the protective effect of quercetin on oxidative stress-induced cortical neuron injury. Methods Cortical neurons were cultured and grouped into six groups,including the control group,H2O2group,quercetin group,CC group,H2O2combined with quercetin group,and H2O2+ quercetin +CC group. Cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay. The level of ROS in cortical neuron was detected by ROS assay kit and the protein level of βA was detected by ELISA assay. Western blot was used to determine the expression of AMPK,p-AMPK and BACE1 proteins. Results Treatment with quercetin decreased the suppression of H2O2on cell viability and the expression of ROS and βA induced by H2O2. In addition,quercetin reduced the expression of BACE1 by upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation. Conclusion The level of oxidative stress in neurons could be upregulated by H2O2stimulation. Quercetin may inhibit the expression of ROS and βA via upregulation of AMPK phosphorylation,which alleviates H2O2-induced cortical neuron injury.
quercetin; neurons; oxidative stress
2016-07-11
馮莉芳,女,碩士,主管護師,主要從事中藥藥理學研究,Email:zhangwhu@hotmail.com。
時間:2016-10-19 15:28:12
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/44.1413.R.20161019.1528.001.html
R965
A
1006-8783(2016)05-0609-04
10.16809/j.cnki.1006-8783.2016071102