潘守寶++李瑞清

動(dòng)詞短語是歷年中考英語命題的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)，為中考必考項(xiàng)目。它考查的內(nèi)容和范圍都非常廣泛，主要涉及系動(dòng)詞be與形容詞搭配的短語、動(dòng)詞與介詞或副詞搭配的形式等。現(xiàn)將動(dòng)詞短語在中考中呈現(xiàn)的考查形式總結(jié)如下，并輔之以練習(xí)，以供參加2016年中考的同學(xué)們借鑒。

一、系動(dòng)詞be與形容詞搭配的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】系動(dòng)詞be與形容詞搭配的短語比較多，意義各不相同。主要有：be afraid of（害怕……）；be angry with sb.（生某人的氣）；be amazed at（對(duì)……感到驚訝）；be busy with（忙于某事）.be bad for（對(duì)……有害）；be covered with（被……覆蓋著）.be different from（與……不同）；be famous for（因……而著名）；be full of/be filled with（裝滿……）；be good at（擅長）；be good for（對(duì)……有益）；be interested in（對(duì)……感興趣）；be known for（因……而出名）.be known as（作為……而出名）；be mad at sb.（對(duì)某人憤怒）；be made of/from（由……制成）；be patient with（對(duì)……有耐心）；be pleased with（對(duì)……感到滿意）；be proud of（以……而自豪）；be ready for（為……做準(zhǔn)備）；be similar to（與……相似）；be strict with（對(duì)……嚴(yán)格要求）.be thirsty for（對(duì)……渴求）；be used for（用來做……）；be used to（習(xí)慣于……）；be worried about（擔(dān)心……）。如：

1. Daming is interested in collecting stamps and playing the piano.大明對(duì)集郵和彈鋼琴感興趣。

2. Beijing is famous for its long history.北京因其悠久的歷史而聞名。

3.His mother has been ill for several days，so he is very worried about her.他母親生病好幾天了，因此他非常擔(dān)心她。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2014年山西卷）-Mum，I did best in our group discussion today.

-Well done！I____you.

A.am mad at

B.am patient with

C.am proud of

【解析】本題考查“be+形容詞+介詞”短語辨析。根據(jù)上文出現(xiàn)“I did best”和“Well done.”可知，這里指“我為你感到自豪”，因此答案C正確。

2.（2015年襄陽卷）-What do you know about Xiangyang？

-It's____its state level scenic spot（景點(diǎn)）-Gulongzhong.

A.famous as

B.different from

C.similar to

D.known for

【解析】本題考查“be+形容詞+介詞”短語辨析。結(jié)合句意可知，“襄陽因其國家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝——古隆中而出名”，故D項(xiàng)符合題意。

二、與介詞with相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與介詞with相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語有：agree with（同意）；argue with（跟……吵架）；catch up with（趕上、追上）；come up with（提出）；deal with（處理、處置）；get on/along…with（與……相處……）；help sb.with sth.（幫助某人做某事）；keep in touch with（與……保持聯(lián)系）；keep up with（跟上）；make friends with（跟……交朋友）；play with（與……玩耍）；provide sb.with sth.（為某人提供某物）；quarrel with（與……爭吵）；talk with（跟……交談）。如：

1.If you keep on studying hard，you'll catch up with others.如果你不斷努力學(xué)習(xí)，你將會(huì)趕上其他人。

2.-Many students don't know how to deal with stress and become worried.許多學(xué)生不知道如何處理壓力并因此變得焦慮。

-I think they'd better ask their teachers for help.我認(rèn)為他們最好向老師尋求幫助。

3.Can you provide the poor children in the countryside with clothes and food？你們能為農(nóng)村貧窮的孩子們提供衣物和食物嗎？

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2014年廣東卷）-I will miss my family when I go abroad for further studythis autumn.

-Don't worry. You can____them by e—mail.

A.come up with

B.get along with

C.make friends with

D.keep in touch with

【解析】come up with意為“提出，想出”；get along with意為“與一….相處”；make friends with意為“與……交朋友”；keep in touch with意為“與……保持聯(lián)系”。依據(jù)句意“你可以通過電子郵件與他們保持聯(lián)系”，故選項(xiàng)D正確。

2.（2015年河南卷）Jane is very busy these days，for she has a lot of problems to____.

A.deal with

B.keep up with

C.agree with

D.come up with

【解析】本題考查與with相關(guān)的短語。deal with意為“處理、處置”；keep up with意為“跟上”；agree with意為“同意”；come up with意為“提出、想出”。結(jié)合本題語境可知，她有許多問題要“處理”，因此只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。

三、與副詞off相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與副詞off相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語有：break off（突然中止、中斷）；get off（下車）；give off（發(fā)出）；go off（發(fā)出響聲）；keep off（避開、不接觸）；knock off（碰掉、撞掉）；put off（推遲、拖延）；run off（跑掉、迅速離開）；set off（起程、出發(fā)）；show off（炫耀）；take off（起飛，脫下）；turn off（關(guān)掉、關(guān)上）。如：

1.It's very necessary for us to turn off the lights in time when we leave the room.當(dāng)我們離開房間時(shí)，及時(shí)關(guān)燈是非常有必要的。

2.Because of the heavy rain，they had to put off the sports meeting.由于下大雨，他們不得不推遲運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。

3.I'm not sure when the plane will take off and when it will land.我不確定飛機(jī)起飛和降落的時(shí)間。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2014年寧波卷）As the road to the airport is under repair，we will have to____ early to get there in time.

A.turn off

B.take off

C.put off

D.set off

【解析】句意為：由于通往機(jī)場的道路正在維修中，我們將不得不早點(diǎn)兒出發(fā)以便及時(shí)到達(dá)那里。turn off意為“關(guān)掉”；take off意為“起飛，脫下”；put off意為“推遲”；set off意為“出發(fā)”。根據(jù)句意選D。

2.（2014年河南卷）This bus doesn't go to the train station.I'm afraid you'll have to____at the library and take the A52.

A.take off

B.put off

C.get off

D.turn off

【解析】本題考查與副詞off相關(guān)的短語辨析。句意為：這輛公共汽車不去火車站，我恐怕你們將不得不在圖書館下車，并轉(zhuǎn)乘A52路車。因此C項(xiàng)正確。

四、與副詞out相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與副詞out相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語：break out（爆發(fā)）；call out（大聲呼喊、叫喊）；carry out（搬出，實(shí)施）；clean out（清除、打掃干凈）；come out（出版、發(fā)表）；find out（找出、查明）；get out（離開、出去）；give out（發(fā)放，宣布，耗盡）；hand out（分發(fā)、發(fā)放）；keep out（擋住、留在外面）；look out（小心、當(dāng)心）；put out（熄滅、撲滅，伸出）；run out（用完、用盡）；sell out（賣完、售光）；take out（取出）；watch out（注意、留神）；work out（解答、計(jì)算、解決）。如：

1.-Will Mo Yan's new novel come out this September？莫言的新小說將在今年九月出版嗎？

-Yes，we are all looking forward to it.是的，我們都在期待著。

2.The famous scientist knew how to work out the difficult problem.這位著名的科學(xué)家知道如何解決這個(gè)難題。

3.Her classmate asked her to clean the old books out.她的同學(xué)要求她把舊書清理掉。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2015年泰州卷）The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never____

A.come out

B.put out

C.carry out

D.run out

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。come out意為“出版、發(fā)表”；put out意為“撲滅”；carry out意為“搬出，實(shí)施”；run out意為“用完”。結(jié)合題意，答案應(yīng)選D。

2.（2015年哈爾濱卷）Our government has tried many ways to____the smog（霧霾）prob-lem.Maybe we'Il have a clear sky in the near fu-ture.

A.put away

B.work out

C.come up

【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。put away意為“把……收起來”；work out意為“解決”；come up意為“發(fā)生”。結(jié)合語境可知，我們的政府已經(jīng)嘗試了許多方式來“解決”霧霾問題，故選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

五、與副詞up相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與副詞up相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語有：build up（增強(qiáng)）；cheer up（使振奮、使高興起來）；clean up（打掃干凈、收拾整齊）；come up（開始，發(fā)生）；dress up（穿上盛裝、喬裝打扮）；fix up（修理、修補(bǔ)，安排）；give up（放棄）；grow up（成長、長大）；hurry up（趕快）；light up（點(diǎn)燃、照亮，使容光煥發(fā)）；listen up（注意聽）；look up（抬頭；查閱、查找）；make up（編造、組成、構(gòu)成）；mix up（混合、混淆）；pick up（拾起、撿起，開車接某人）；put up（張貼，搭建）；send up（發(fā)射、發(fā)出）；set up（創(chuàng)立、開辦）；stay up（熬夜）；stand up（站起來）；turn up（開大、調(diào)高，出現(xiàn)）；take up（從事，占據(jù)，拿起來）；think up（想出）；tidy up（收拾）；use up（用完、用光、耗盡）；wake up（叫醒、喚醒）。如：

1.Smoking is bad for your health.You'd better give up smoking.吸煙有害健康，你最好戒煙。

2.The workers in the Huangshan Mountains have to pick up rubbish to keep the mountains clean.為了保持山體的衛(wèi)生，黃山的工作人員不得不撿拾垃圾。

3.At school we take exercise for an hour every day to build ourselves up.為了增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)，我們每天在學(xué)校鍛煉一小時(shí)。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2015年天津卷）Bob is tak-ing the desks away because they____too much room.

A.stand up

B.pick up

C.take up

D.listen up

【解析】本題考查與up搭配的短語辨析。stand up意為“站起來”；pick up意為“拾起、撿起”；take up意為“占用”；listen up意為“注意聽”。句意為：Bob正把那些桌子搬走，因?yàn)樗鼈冋加昧颂嗫臻g。因此答案選C。

2.（2015年安徽卷）We planned to meet at 10：30 at the station last Sunday，but Bob didn't____until 12：00.

A.turn up

B.give up

C.stay up

D.grow up

【解析】turn up意為“出現(xiàn)”；give up意為“放棄”；stay up意為“熬夜”；grow up意為“成長、長大”。根據(jù)句意，答案選A。

六、與動(dòng)詞get相關(guān)的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與get相關(guān)的短語有：get on/along well with（與……相處得好）；get away（離開）；get back（取回、返回）；get down（下來、落下）；get into（進(jìn)入）；get off（下車）；get on（上車）；get over（克服）；get to（到達(dá)）；get up（起床）。如：

1.After a lot of training，Lin Dan got over many difficulties，and he is at the top of this game now.大量訓(xùn)練之后，林丹克服了很多困難，現(xiàn)在他是這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)最好的選手。

2.Yesterday afternoon the swimming team got to Kazan.昨天下午游泳隊(duì)抵達(dá)喀山。

3.How do you get along with your elder brother？你和你哥哥相處得怎么樣？

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2014年蘭州卷）Good man-ners can make people____each other.

A.get on well with

B.get off

C.get over

D.get away

【解析】本題考查get短語。get on well with意為“與某人相處融洽”；get off意為“下車”；get over意為“克服”；get away意為“離開”。句意為：禮貌待人能使人們和睦相處。因此答案為A。

2.（2015年淮安卷）Steven，go to bed now.You should____before six tomorrow，or you will miss the plane.

A.get off

B.get up

C.get on

D.get along

【解析】句意為：Steven，現(xiàn)在上床睡覺。你明天要在六點(diǎn)前起床，否則你將趕不上飛機(jī)。get off意為“下車”；get up意為“起床”；get on意為“上車”；get along意為“相處”。因此答案選B。

七、與動(dòng)詞look相關(guān)的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與look相關(guān)的短語有：look at（看）；look after（照顧、照料）；look for（尋找）；look forward to（盼望）；look out（注意、小心）；look through（瀏覽）；look up（仰視，查閱）。如：

1.Can you look after my brother very well when I'm away？當(dāng)我不在家時(shí)，你能照顧好我的弟弟嗎？

2.I'm looking forward to visiting the Great Wall one day.我正盼望著將來某一天參觀長城。

3.Every morning after Mr. Zhang gets up，he usually looks through the newspapers.每天早晨起床后，張先生通常先瀏覽報(bào)紙。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2015年永州卷）We should learn to____ourselves in life.

A.look at

B.look for

C.look after

【解析】本題考查look短語。look at意為“看”；look for意為“尋找”；look after意為“照顧、照料”。依照題意，應(yīng)填look after，故答案選C。

2.（2015年山西卷）In our daily life，we must learn to____ourselves well at any time.It's as important as studying.

A.deal with

B.worry about

C.look after

【解析】本題答案為C。

八、與動(dòng)詞put相關(guān)的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與動(dòng)詞put相關(guān)的短語有：putaway（把……收起來）；put in（安裝）；put on（穿上、戴上，上演，增加體重）；put out（伸出，熄滅）；put down（放下；寫下、記下）；put up（舉起，張貼、懸掛）；put off（推遲、拖延）；put into（放進(jìn)）；put through（完成）。如：

1.They had to put off the 800-meter race be-cause of the bad weather.由于天氣不好，他們不得不推遲了800米跑的比賽。

2.It's very cold outside.Jack，you'd better put on your coat.外面太冷了。杰克，你最好穿上你的外套。

3.-How can we make people know the latest movie？我們?nèi)绾文茏屓藗冎肋@部最新的電影？

-We should put up some posters.我們應(yīng)該張貼一些宣傳海報(bào)。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2015年蘭州卷）He ate a lot and did little exercise，so he____10 pounds.

A.put on

B.put away

C.put out

D.put off

【解析】本題考查put短語。結(jié)合題干中的“他吃得很多，幾乎不鍛煉”可推斷，他的體重增加了10磅。put on意為“增加體重、發(fā)胖”，符合題意，因此答案為A。

2.（2015年青島卷）They heard the party was____because of the exam.

A.put on

B.put up

C.put off

D.put down

【解析】本題考查put動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。put on意為“穿上”；put up意為“張貼，舉起”；put off意為“推遲”；put down意為“放下，記下”。由句中的because of the exam可知，聚會(huì)被推遲了。故C項(xiàng)符合題意。

九、與動(dòng)詞take相關(guān)的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與動(dòng)詞take相關(guān)的短語有：take after（遺傳）；take away（拿走）；take off（起飛，脫下）；take out（拿出、取出）；take care of（照顧、照料）；take part in（參加，通常指參加某一項(xiàng)具體活動(dòng)）；take down（取下）；take a look（看一看）；take photos（拍照、照相）；take place（發(fā)生）；take up（從事，占據(jù)，拿起）；take around（帶領(lǐng)某人參觀）；take exercise（做運(yùn)動(dòng)）；take medicine（吃藥）。如：

1.Mary takes after her mother.They both look the same.瑪麗長得很像她母親。她們倆看上去一模一樣。

2.The boy would like to take part in the Eng-lish competition.這個(gè)男孩想要參加英語比賽。

3.-Look at the sun！It's too hot today.看看太陽！今天太熱了。

-Yes.Why not take off your sweater？是的。為什么不脫掉你的毛衣？

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2014年臨沂卷）When you are swimming，____your ears. You can use ear-plugs（耳塞）to stop water getting mto your ears.

A.take after

B.take part in

C.take off

D.take care of

【解析】本題考查take短語。句意為：當(dāng)你游泳的時(shí)候，要保護(hù)好你的耳朵。你可以用耳塞來防止水進(jìn)入耳朵。take after“遺傳”；take part in“參加”；take off“起飛，脫下”；take care of“照顧”。由句意可知選D。

2.（2015年株洲卷）I____my father's wet shoes and washed his feet.

A.took out

B.took off

C.took place

【解析】take out意為“拿出”；take off意為“起飛，脫下”；take place意為“發(fā)生”。句意為：我脫下我父親的濕鞋子并且為他洗腳。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

十、與動(dòng)詞turn相關(guān)的短語

【考點(diǎn)分析】與turn相關(guān)的短語有：turn on（打開）；turn off（關(guān)上、關(guān)掉）；turn down（關(guān)小、調(diào)低）；turn up（調(diào)高、調(diào)大）；turn into（變成、使成為）；turn out（被證實(shí)、結(jié)果是）。如：

1.It's time for the weather report.Could I turn on the TV，Dad？天氣預(yù)報(bào)的時(shí)間到了。爸爸，我可以打開電視嗎？

2.Please turn off the radio.It's much too noisy.請關(guān)上收音機(jī)。太吵了。

【真題再現(xiàn)】1.（2015年汕尾卷）I can't see anything in the room.Please help me____the lights.

A.turn on

B.turn up

C.turn down

D.turn off

【解析】本題考查turn短語。結(jié)合上一句“我看不到房間里的任何東西”可推斷，這里指“請幫我開燈”，故turn on符合句意，答案為A。

2.（2015年蘇州卷）-Do you know our new manager？

-Yes.He——to be a friend of my broth-er.

A.turns up

B.turns on

C.turns out

D.turns off

【解析】此題考查turn短語。turn up意為“調(diào)高”；turn on意為“打開”；turn out意為“被證實(shí)、結(jié)果是”；turn off意為“關(guān)上、關(guān)閉”。根據(jù)句意“他竟然是我哥哥的一個(gè)朋友”可知，turn out符合題意，故正確答案為C。

專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：

從每小題所給的選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

1.-What does your teacher think of yourschool report this term？

-The smile on her face shows she____what I did in my study.

A.is sorry for

B.is worried about

C.is pleased with

D.is angry with

2.（2015年山西卷） As a teacher，I love be-ing with my students.You can't imagine how much they____knowledge！

A.are thirsty for

B.are famous for

C.are good for

3.Mr.Smith has no ideas of his own，so he always____his friends about everything.

A.talks with

B.plays with

C.argues with

D.agrees with

4.（2015年臨沂卷）A father in the UK has____a wonderful idea to send his kids to school on time.He takes his sons to their school in a white tank（坦克）.

A.looked up to

B.made up

C.come up with

D.shown up

5.（2015年南充卷）This hotel____us____a large house.

A.provides；for

B.offers；to

C.provides；with

D.offers；with

6.Unless you____the lights in the room，you'll waste some energy.

A.get off

B.put off

C.turn off

D.break off

7.（2014京卷）-Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and____my bowls and dishes.

-He should be careful next time.

A.knocked off

B.took off

C.showed off

D.turned off

8.-Sam，could you please help me____some information about 2022 Winter Olympic Games？

-Sorry，there's something wrong with my computer.

A.take out

B.find out

C.look out

D.come out

9. （2015年常州卷）Life is a journey with trouble，but with care and wisdom you can____any problem you face.

A.work out

B.hand out

C.find out

D.put out

10.（2015年宜昌卷）-The organization Wild Aid is____to protect wild animals.

-lt has done a lot so far.

A.cheered up

B.picked up

C.taken up

D.set up

11.（2015年陜西卷）-Look！What's on theground？

-Oh，it's my sweater.Please____

A.pick it up

B.put it on

C.give it out

D.take it off

12.（2015年黃岡卷）-What should we do for the disabled children in the Children's Home？

-You're supposed to____a study group to help them.

A.take up

B.fix up

C.set up

D.stay up

13.（2015年內(nèi)江卷）She realized she was wrong and____the argument.

A.cheered up

B.put up

C.took up

D.gave up

14.（2015年安順卷）-What's wrong with you，Eric？You look tired.

-I____to prepare for the final exam last night.

A.picked up

B.woke up

C.put up

D.stayed up

15.（2015年遵義卷）-What do you want to do in the future，Allen？

-I want to____a Hope School to help stu-dents who are unable to go to school.

A.set out

B.set off

C.set up

16.（2015年荊州卷）-Tom， what's wrong with you？You look tired.

-Oh，I____late to watch a football game last night.I slept for only two hours.

A.gave up

B.looked up

C.set up

D.stayed up

17.（2015年隨州卷）As we know，many suc-cessful people never____no matter what diffi-culties they've had.

A.stay up

B.cheer up

C.take up

D.give up

18.We should learn how to____well with people around us.

A.get away

B.get along

C.get over

D.get to

19.-Susan，would you please____my younger sister when I am on business？

-No problem.

A.look for

B.look up

C.look after

D.look at

20.（2015年天津卷）Yunnan is beautiful and I'm____visiting it again.

A.keeping clear of

B.suffering from

C.looking forward to

D.running away from

21.（2015年福州卷）-What did you do on Earth Day this year？

-We____a show to spread the message about protecting the environment.

A.put on

B.put up

C.put away

22.（2015年杭州卷）I really need to take more exercise because I'm____weight.

A.putting off

B.putting on

C.putting down

D.putting away

23.（2015年揚(yáng)州卷）-Where is your fa-ther，Helen？

-He is trying to____a new shower in the bathroom.

A.put out

B.put in

C.put through

D.put down

24.-Mary，your bedroom is in a mess.

-Sorry，Mum.I'll____my things at once.

A.put up

B.put on

C.put away

D.put out

25.（2015年泰安卷）The exam is over and the results will be____on Friday afternoon.

A.put down

B.put off

C.put up

D.put away

26.（2015年武漢卷）-Jason，would you please____this notice？

-With pleasure.

A.put on

B.put off

C.put up

D.put out

27.（2015年恩施卷）-Kris，don't throw your books everywhere.

-Sorry，mum.I'll____them____.

A.put；away

B.put；on

C.put；out

28.-Bob，can you help your mother____the trash？

-Of course，Dad.

A.take off

B.take out

C.take after

D.take pan in

29.（2015年襄陽卷）-Could you____the computer for me，dear？I want to check my e-mail.

-Certainly，I'll do it right away.

A.turn on

B.turn down

C.turn off

D.turn up

30.My baby is sleeping now.Will you please____the radio a bit？

A.turn on

B.turn off

C.turn down

D.turn up

Key：

1-5 CADCC

6-10 CABAD

11-15 ACDDC

16-20 DDBCC

21-25 ABBCC

26-30 CABAC