□張澤綱
聚焦“特殊疑問句”
□張澤綱
我們知道,在英語中句子根據(jù)使用目的可以分為四種:陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。其中疑問句包括一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和附加疑問句。今天我要帶領(lǐng)大家認識的是特殊疑問句。
以特殊疑問詞開頭的疑問句稱為特殊疑問句。它是針對句中某一成分來提出問題,表示疑問意義的句子形式。而一般疑問句則常常以b (amisare...)動詞、助動詞(dodoeswill...)或情態(tài)動詞等開頭。特殊疑問句既可以使用完整的答語,也可以只回答提問部分。它不能用yes或no來回答而一般疑問句則用yes或no來回答。這是二者的區(qū)別之一。如:
—What’s that in English?—It’s a jacket.
—How many birds can you see in the picture?—Eight.
—Does he like apples?—Yes,he does.No,he doesn’t.
—Can you speak English?—Yes,I can.No,I can’t.
特殊疑問詞分為兩種:疑問代詞what,who,whom,whose,which和疑問副詞when,where,why,how。這里我們重點介紹疑問代詞what和who的用法。
1.what
(1)what意為“什么”,指事物,在句中一般作主語、賓語、表語和定語。如
What happened next?(作主語)后來發(fā)生了什么?
What do you want?(作賓語)你想要什么?
What is her name?(作表語)她叫什么名字?
What time is it?(作定語)幾點了?
(2)以what開頭的特殊疑問句常??梢杂脕碓儐栃彰?、事物名稱、顏色、職業(yè)、時間、日期、星期、數(shù)目等。如:
What’s that over there?那邊那是什么?
What colour is the pencil?這只鉛筆是什么顏色?
What’syour aunt’sjob?(=What’syour aunt?=What doesyour aunt do?)你的阿姨做什么工作?
What time is it now?(=What’s the time now?)現(xiàn)在幾點了?
What’s the date?今天幾號?
What day is it today?今天星期幾?
What’s one and two?1加2是多少?
2.who
who意為“誰”,指人。它在句中作主語和表語,其賓格形式是whom,在句中作賓語。who主要是對人進行提問。如:
Who(作主語)is in your classroom?誰在你們的教室?
Who(作表語)are you?你是誰?
Whom(作賓語)/Who did you give the letter to?你把信交給了誰?
(注:口語中常用who代替whom。)
1.當(dāng)疑問代詞或由其所修飾的詞在句中作主語時,用陳述句語序(即主語+謂語+其他成分)。如:
Who(作主語)likes singing English songs?誰喜歡唱英語歌曲?
What(作主語)made you think so?什么使你這樣想的?
Which teacher(作主語)is the best in your school?你們學(xué)校哪個老師最優(yōu)秀?
Whose pen(作主語)is on the desk?誰的鋼筆在課桌上?
2.當(dāng)疑問代詞、疑問副詞或由其所修飾的詞在句中不作主語時,其句子結(jié)構(gòu)是疑問詞+一般疑問句語序。如:
—Which season do you like best?你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)?
—I like spring best.我最喜歡春天。
—What will you do for your mum on Mother’s Day?母親節(jié)你將為你的媽媽做什么?
—I will cook noodles for her.我將為她煮面條。
—Why do you like summer?你為什么喜歡夏天?
—Because I like summer vacation.因為我喜歡暑假。
—Where are my new trousers?我的新褲子在哪兒?
—They’re on the sofa.它們在沙發(fā)上。
在英語中,陳述句、特殊疑問句的語調(diào)一般用降調(diào),而一般疑問句則用升調(diào)。如:
What’s your↓name?My name is↓Mike.
Is this your↑ruler?↓Yes,it↓is.
1.These apples are green.(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________are these apples?
2.It’s Sunday today.(對劃線部分提問) ________is it today?
3.It’s 7:30.(對劃線部分提問)
________ ________is it?
4.Tom goes to school at 7 o’clock.(對劃線部分提問)
________goes to school at 7 o’clock?
5.This is her ruler.(改為一般疑問句并作否定回答)
________ ________her ruler?________,________ ________.
6.Those are Anna’s books.(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)
________ ________Anna’s books?________,________ ________.
7.That boy is my brother.(改為一般疑問句并作肯定回答)
______ ________ ________ ________brother?_______,_______ _______.
參考答案:
1.What colour 2.What day 3.What time 4.Who 5.Is this;No it isn’t 6.Are those;Yes,they are 7.Is that boy your;Yes,he is