国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

In2S3—Ag/TiO2三元納米體系光催化降解2,4—D的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究

2016-03-05 11:57余健趙令暉唐浩劉承斌李玥
關(guān)鍵詞:光催化

余健++趙令暉++唐浩++劉承斌++李玥

摘 要:采用兩步沉積法首次合成出新三元納米材料-In2S3-Ag/TiO2納米管陣列,并用電子掃描顯微鏡(SEM)、光致發(fā)光光譜儀(PL)等儀器對(duì)該三元催化劑進(jìn)行形貌、元素、晶體結(jié)構(gòu)的表征與光電性能的測(cè)試,并將該三元催化體系應(yīng)用于2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)的光降解實(shí)驗(yàn).結(jié)果表明,In2S3-Ag/TiO2三元納米材料所特有的兩步光激發(fā)體系使它的催化降解能力顯著提高,在溶液pH為4.23時(shí),140 min內(nèi)可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)2,4-D 100%的去除;強(qiáng)酸和強(qiáng)堿的環(huán)境都不利于三元催化劑In2S3-Ag/TiO2對(duì) 2,4-D的催化降解.最后對(duì)三元催化劑的光催化降解機(jī)理進(jìn)行了探討.

關(guān)鍵詞:光催化;In2S3-Ag/TiO2;兩步沉積法;兩步光激發(fā)

中圖分類號(hào):X5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A

The Investigation of Photodegradation of 2,4-D by the

Three-component System In2S3-Ag/TiO2 Nanotube Arrays

YU Jian1, ZHAO Ling-hui1, TANG Hao1, LIU Cheng-bin2, LI Yue2

(1. College of Civil Engineering, Hunan Univ, Changsha,Hunan 410082, China;

2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Univ, Changsha,Hunan 410082,China)

Abstract:A new kind of three-component nanomaterials-In2S3-Ag/TiO2 nanotube arrays was first synthesized in two-step deposition method. In this study, the morphology, elements, crystal structure and photoelectric property testing of the three-component photocatalyst were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence photoluminescence spectra (PL), etc. The three-component photocatalyst was applied to the photodegradation 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acetic acid (2,4-D). The photocatalytic degradation experiment results of 2,4-D have shown that its 100% removal rate can be achieved within 140 minutes. The unique two-step excitation process in the three-component In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs system leads to the significant improvement of photocatalytic ability. The experiments indicate that different values of pH and the concentration of 2,4-D have significant effect on degradation. The preliminary results show that the photocatalytic reactions are optimized at pH 4.23, higher or lower pH levels will reduce the removal rate due to the phase change of 2,4-D molecules. The photocatalytic degradation mechanism was also analyzed with equations and model diagrams.

Key words:photocatalysis; In2S3-Ag/TiO2; the two-step deposition method; the two-step excitation process

2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸(2,4-D)是一種植物生長(zhǎng)調(diào)節(jié)劑和除草劑,在常溫條件下性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定,微溶于水,使用后殘留的大部分2,4-D進(jìn)入土壤與水環(huán)境中. 雖然2,4-D遇紫外線照射會(huì)引起部分分解,但自然分解速率緩慢,在黑土中的降解半衰期為27.3 d,紅土中為301.4 d.2,4-D屬于低毒類有機(jī)物,能經(jīng)口、皮膚吸附進(jìn)入人體造成損害,對(duì)眼睛、皮膚均有刺激作用,其急性毒性主要表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)毒性[ 1].目前對(duì)存在于環(huán)境中的2,4-D的去除方法主要有生物降解、臭氧氧化以及光降解等.其中,光催化降解是一種新興的綠色水處理技術(shù),它具有高效、無(wú)二次污染、適用范圍廣等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在環(huán)境污染治理領(lǐng)域已初步顯示出其明顯的優(yōu)越性[ 2].

光催化作用是光催化劑(多數(shù)指半導(dǎo)體材料)在光照條件下,通過(guò)在空間內(nèi)不同類型納米分子之間的聯(lián)動(dòng)作用,有效地將太陽(yáng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為其它能量形式的反應(yīng) [ 3-6].二氧化鈦納米管陣列(TiO2 nanotube arrays,簡(jiǎn)稱TiO2NTs)以其無(wú)毒、價(jià)廉、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性強(qiáng)、催化活性高等優(yōu)良特性在水處理領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出廣闊的應(yīng)用前景[ 7-8].TiO2是一種寬禁帶的半導(dǎo)體材料(Eg=3.2 eV),為了增強(qiáng)其對(duì)可見(jiàn)光的吸收能力,提高其光生電子空穴對(duì)的分離效率,需要對(duì)TiO2納米管陣列進(jìn)行修飾 [ 9-10].而三元復(fù)合納米催化劑由于其特有的兩步光激發(fā)過(guò)程和電子轉(zhuǎn)移中介作用而使光生電子空穴對(duì)的分離效率得到提高,受到了研究人員的廣泛關(guān)注[ 11-13].

硫化銦(In2S3)具有綠色環(huán)保、帶隙窄(2.0 eV)、能級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)理想等優(yōu)點(diǎn)[ 14];而銀(Ag)成本低,且可加強(qiáng)局部表面等離子體共振效應(yīng)[ 15],提高半導(dǎo)體之間的電子轉(zhuǎn)移效率,因此可作為二者之間的電子轉(zhuǎn)移橋梁.

迄今為止,用于光催化降解的In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs三元納米材料還未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,因此,本文采用物理化學(xué)方法制備出In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs三元復(fù)合納米材料,對(duì)其進(jìn)行表征,并將其應(yīng)用于2,4-D的光催化降解,探討三元納米材料In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs作為光催化劑應(yīng)用于芳香烴類有機(jī)物光催化降解的效果.

1 實(shí) 驗(yàn)

1.1 材料與試劑

鈦片(純度為99.8%,厚度為0.127 mm)購(gòu)買于Aldrich(Milwaukee,WI)公司.2,4-D購(gòu)買于Johnson Matthey Alfa AESAR.硫酸氫鈉(NaHSO4)、氟化鈉(NaF)、氯化銦(InCl3)、硫代硫酸鈉(Na2S2O3)以及其他化學(xué)試劑均為分析純.整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中使用的水均為去離子水.

1.2 二氧化鈦納米管陣列(TiO2NTs)的制備

陽(yáng)極氧化反應(yīng)前,將鈦片剪成4 cm×1 cm的長(zhǎng)方形,然后用稀氫氟酸(1∶3)和去離子水清洗掉表面的有機(jī)物,干燥后備用.將此鈦片作為兩電極體系中的陽(yáng)極,用鉑電極作為陰極.將電極浸入到含有0.5 mol/L NaHSO4和0.1 mol/L NaF的電解液中,在室溫下用15 V的電壓氧化陽(yáng)極2 h.為了獲得具有較高光催化活性的銳鈦礦晶型TiO2,需要將其進(jìn)行高溫?zé)崽幚恚涸?00 ℃下煅燒3 h,然后降至室溫,升溫和降溫速率均為2 ℃·min-1.

1.3 Ag和In2S3納米粒子對(duì)TiO2NTs的修飾

首先用Ag納米粒子修飾TiO2NTs.采用循環(huán)伏安法將Ag+還原為Ag,并使其生長(zhǎng)在TiO2納米管陣列的表面.該實(shí)驗(yàn)使用CHI660D型電化學(xué)工作站,在其三電極體系中,參比電極為甘汞電極,對(duì)電極為鉑電極,工作電極為二氧化鈦納米管陣列.分散液為預(yù)配的0.5 mM Na3[ Ag(S2O3)2]溶液.參數(shù)設(shè)置為:起始電位-1.5 V,結(jié)束電位-1.5 V,最高電位1.0 V,掃速0.05 V/s.掃描電位從-1.5 V開(kāi)始,經(jīng)最高電位1.0 V,最終回到結(jié)束電位-1.5 V,這個(gè)過(guò)程稱為一個(gè)循環(huán).循環(huán)次數(shù)(cycle number,簡(jiǎn)稱c)分別設(shè)為5 c,7 c和10 c.循環(huán)次數(shù)增加,沉積Ag納米粒子的量隨之增多.

其次用連續(xù)離子層吸附法(Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption And Reaction,簡(jiǎn)稱SILAR)使In2S3納米粒子生長(zhǎng)在Ag/TiO2NTs表面.將上一步制備好的Ag/TiO2NTs先浸泡在0.025 mol/L InCl3溶液中1 min,后浸泡在去離子水中30 s,再浸泡在0.375 mol/L Na2S溶液中1 min,最后浸泡在去離子水中30 s.同樣,將上述4步程序稱為一個(gè)循環(huán)(c).在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,循環(huán)次數(shù)仍然設(shè)為5 c,7 c和10 c.循環(huán)次數(shù)增加,沉積In2S3納米粒子的量隨之增多.最后將制備好的In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs在氬氣保護(hù)下,于400 ℃下煅燒1 h,然后冷卻至室溫.

Ag和In2S3納米粒子在TiO2NTs表面的沉積過(guò)程見(jiàn)圖1.

3 結(jié) 論

1)通過(guò)兩步沉積法首次成功合成一種光降解芳香族化合物的新型催化劑——三元納米復(fù)合材料In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs.

2)在合成三元光催化劑In2S3-Ag/TiO2NTs 時(shí),Ag的循環(huán)以5次為佳,In2S3循環(huán)以7次較好.

3)在溶液pH為4.23的條件下,以7 cIn2S3-5 cAg/TiO2NTs為催化劑,濃度為15 mg/L 的2,4-D在140 min內(nèi)的光催化去除率可達(dá)到100%.

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 薄存香, 張振嶺, 戈揚(yáng), 等. 2, 4-二氯苯氧乙酸毒性效應(yīng)研究進(jìn)展[ J]. 中國(guó)職業(yè)醫(yī)學(xué), 2011, 38(1): 75-76.

BO Cun-xiang, ZHANG Zheng-ling, GE Yang, et al. Research progress on the toxicity of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid[J]. China Occupational Medicine, 2011, 38(1): 75-76. (In Chinese)

[ 2] 石宗利, 徐松梅, 高朋召. Fe, Gd 共摻雜改性 TiO2 的可見(jiàn)光光催化活性[ J]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào): 自然科學(xué)版, 2009, 36(3): 51-54.

SHI Zong-li, XU Song-mei, GAO Peng-zhao. Visible photocatalytic activity of nano-TiO2Co-doped with Fe and Gd[ J]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2009, 36(3): 51-54. (In Chinese)

[ 3] YUN H J, LEE H, KIM N D, et al. A combination of two visible-light responsive photocatalysts for achieving the Z-scheme in the solid state[ J]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(5): 4084-4090.

[ 4] TADA H, MITSUI T, KIYONAGA T, et al. All-solid-state Z-scheme in CdS-Au-TiO2 three-component nanojunction system[ J]. Nature Materials, 2006, 5(10): 782-786.

[ 5] CHEN W T, HSU Y J. l-Cysteine-assisted growth of core-satellite ZnS-Au nanoassemblies with high photocatalytic efficiency[ J]. Langmuir, 2009, 26(8): 5918-5925.

[ 6] FUJISHIMA A, HONDA K. Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode[ J]. Nature, 1972 (238): 37-45.

[ 7] 劉振儒, 暴勇超, 劉輝. 負(fù)載型TiO2膜太陽(yáng)光光催化降解活性深藍(lán) KR 的研究[ J]. 環(huán)境工程學(xué)報(bào), 2007, 1(3): 46-49.

LIU Zhen-ru, BAO Yong-chao, LIU Hui. Solar photocatalytic degradation of reactive deep blue K-R by immobilized TiO2-film catalyst[ J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2007, 1(3): 46-49. (In Chinese)

[ 8] 周藝, 黃可龍, 楊波, 等. 稀土共摻雜納米TiO2/MWCNT復(fù)合光催化劑的研究[ J]. 湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào): 自然科學(xué)版, 2008, 35(6): 57-61.

ZHOU Yi, HUANG Ke-long, YANG Bo, et al. Study on rare earth codoping nanometer TiO2/MWCNT multiplex photocatalyst[ J]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 2008, 35(6): 57-61. (In Chinese)

[ 9] ZHU J, REN J, HUO Y, et al. Nanocrystalline Fe/TiO2 visible photocatalyst with a mesoporous structure prepared via a nonhydrolytic sol-gel route[ J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2007, 111(51): 18965-18969.

[ 10]RATANATAWANATE C, BUI A, VU K, et al. Low-temperature synthesis of copper (II) sulfide quantum dot decorated TiO2 nanotubes and their photocatalytic properties[ J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(14): 6175-6180.

[ 11]KATO H, HORI M, KONTA R, et al. Construction of Z-scheme type heterogeneous photocatalysis systems for water splitting into H2 and O2 under visible light irradiation[ J]. Chemistry Letters, 2004, 33(10): 1348-1349.

[ 12]ZHU H, YANG B, XU J, et al. Construction of Z-scheme type CdS-Au-TiO2 hollow nanorod arrays with enhanced photocatalytic activity[ J].Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2009, 90(3): 463-469.

[ 13]XIE K, WU Q, WANG Y, et al. Electrochemical construction of Z-scheme type CdS-Ag-TiO2 nanotube arrays with enhanced photocatalytic activity[ J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2011, 13(12): 1469-1472.

[ 14]KHANCHANDANI S, KUNDU S, PATRA A, et al. Band gap tuning of ZnO/In2S3 core/shell nanorod arrays for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis[ J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2013, 117(11): 5558-5567.

[ 15]EOM H, JUNG J Y, SHIN Y, et al. Strong localized surface plasmon resonance effects of Ag/TiO2 core-shell nanowire arrays in UV and visible light for photocatalytic activity[ J]. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(1): 226-234.

[ 16]LI Y, LUO S, WEI Z, et al. Electrodeposition technique-dependent photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties of an In2S3/TiO2 nanotube array[ J]. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 2014, 16(9): 4361-4368.

[ 17]FANG J, XU L, ZHANG Z, et al. Au@TiO2-CdS ternary nanostructures for efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen generation[ J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2013, 5(16): 8088-8092.

[ 18]WANG Q, YANG X, LIU D, et al. Ag and CdS nanoparticles co-sensitized TiO2 nanotubes for enhancing visible photoelectrochemical performance[ J]. Electrochimica Acta, 2012, 83: 140-145.

[ 19]PEI C C, CHU W. The photocatalyic degradation and modeling of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by bismuth tungstate/peroxide[ J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 223: 665-669.

猜你喜歡
光催化
Marvelous mural 神奇的壁畫(huà)
光催化分解水制氫研究進(jìn)展
雪中送來(lái)神奇的光催化
半導(dǎo)體光催化材料鎢酸鉍的研究進(jìn)展
二氧化鈦光催化產(chǎn)生超氧自由基的形態(tài)分布研究
單質(zhì)材料(S、P、Se)在光催化產(chǎn)氫領(lǐng)域的研究進(jìn)展
影響溶膠—凝膠法制備TiO2薄膜的因素及改性途徑
《光催化:環(huán)境凈化與綠色能源應(yīng)用探索》
降低有害氣體排放是難點(diǎn)
溶膠—凝膠法尺寸選擇性合成ZnO納米顆粒及其光催化性能
屏南县| 新巴尔虎左旗| 斗六市| 辽源市| 阿拉善盟| 伊通| 商丘市| 元朗区| 茶陵县| 额济纳旗| 平武县| 康平县| 青田县| 翁源县| 泾阳县| 威远县| 南澳县| 安化县| 大渡口区| 镇沅| 潼南县| 寻乌县| 教育| 陇川县| 景洪市| 临沂市| 古交市| 佛冈县| 交口县| 遵义县| 远安县| 峨眉山市| 抚顺市| 鄱阳县| 左贡县| 冀州市| 安福县| 永兴县| 星子县| 新昌县| 德惠市|