何江波, 牛燕芬, 陳武榮, 李金仙, 王林波, 字泰平, 句紅萍, 賈 靜, 陳偉偉
(1.昆明學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院,云南昆明650214;2.昆明學(xué)院農(nóng)學(xué)院,云南昆明650214)
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花花柴化學(xué)成分的研究
何江波1, 牛燕芬2*, 陳武榮2, 李金仙2, 王林波2, 字泰平2, 句紅萍1, 賈靜1, 陳偉偉1
(1.昆明學(xué)院醫(yī)學(xué)院,云南昆明650214;2.昆明學(xué)院農(nóng)學(xué)院,云南昆明650214)
摘要:目的 研究花花柴Karelinia casPia(Pall.)Less的化學(xué)成分。方法 采用硅膠、Sephadex LH-20凝膠和反相RP-18色譜柱,對花花柴乙酸乙酯提取物進(jìn)行分離純化,通過波譜數(shù)據(jù)鑒定所得化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)果 從中分離出12個化合物,分別鑒定為Δ5,22-豆甾醇3-O-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷(1)、蒲公英甾醇醋酸酯(2)、cyclomusalenone(3)、φ-蒲公英甾醇(4)、taraxast-20-ene-3β,30-diol(5)、豆甾醇(6)、槲皮素(7)、4',3,5,7-四羥基-3',6-二甲氧基黃酮(8)、檉柳素(9)、芹菜素(10)、4β-acetoxy-3β-angeloyloxy-7,11-dehydroeudesman-8-one(11)、3β-angeloyloxy-4α,11-dihdroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one(12)。結(jié)論 所有化合物均為首次從該植物中分離得到。
關(guān)鍵詞:花花柴;化學(xué)成分;分離純化
花花柴Karelinia casPia(Pall.)Less為菊科花花柴屬多年生草本植物,又名胖姑娘,產(chǎn)于新疆準(zhǔn)格爾盆地、青海柴達(dá)木盆地、甘肅西北部和內(nèi)蒙古西部,主要生長于沙丘和草甸鹽堿地[1],為南疆12種特色植物之一。其多糖含有量為(37.64±2.48)mg/g,多酚含有量為(11.96±0.06)mg/g,黃酮含有量為(4.29±0.51)mg/g[2],低于其他特色植物。目前,關(guān)于花花柴中單體成分的研究基本處于空白,主要關(guān)注其植物生理及耐旱機(jī)制等[3-5]。該植物曾被收入阿勒泰地區(qū)藥用植物名錄,但未見相關(guān)藥用報(bào)道,目前在新疆、甘肅及內(nèi)蒙等地仍用于水土保持[6-7]。為了深入開發(fā)花花柴的藥用價值,本實(shí)驗(yàn)對其95%乙醇提取物進(jìn)行化學(xué)成分研究,結(jié)果從乙酸乙酯部位中首次分離得到12個化合物,彌補(bǔ)了相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的空白。
Bruker AM-400、500 MHz以及Avance 600 MHz核磁共振儀(TMS為內(nèi)標(biāo));N-1100旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀(日本東京理化公司)。柱色譜用硅膠(200~300目)、薄層色譜GF254板(青島海洋化工有限公司);Sephadex LH-20凝膠(25~100 μm,瑞典Pharmacia公司);RP-18反相硅膠(40~60 μm,日本Daiso公司);CHP 20PMCI樹脂(日本三菱公司)。石油醚、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯、甲醇等均為工業(yè)純,經(jīng)重蒸后使用。顯色劑為含10% H2SO4的乙醇液。
花花柴全草于2011年采自新疆省,經(jīng)新疆生物地理所管開云研究員鑒定,標(biāo)本(編號2011HHC)存放于本實(shí)驗(yàn)室。
取花花柴全草,曬干,粉碎(6.7 kg),95%乙醇回流提取3次,每次20 L(2 h),合并提取液,減壓濃縮得浸膏約1.5 kg,熱水混懸,石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇各萃取3次,合并萃取液,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水部位。其中,乙酸乙酯部位約130 g,過硅膠柱色譜(12 cm× 120 cm,200~300目,氯仿∶甲醇100∶1→1∶1),TLC顯色合并,得到8個組分Fr.A~H。Fr.B (6.9 g)采用MCI柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)分離,得到組分B1~B3。B1經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)和反相RP-18柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)純化,得到化合物2(40 mg)和4(22 mg);B2經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)和硅膠柱(氯仿∶甲醇,20∶1→5∶1)分離,得到化合物5(130 mg);B3經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)和反相RP-18柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)純化,得到化合物3(50 mg)和6(110 mg)。Fr.C(18 g)經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)脫色后,再采用MCI柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)分離后,得到組分C1~C5。C1經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)分離,得到化合物7(30 mg)和10(18 mg);C2經(jīng)反相RP-18柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)純化,得到化合物8(7 mg)和9(20 mg);C3經(jīng)反相RP-18柱(甲醇∶水,10∶90→100∶0)純化,得到化合物11(9 mg)和12(3 mg);C5組分經(jīng)Sephadex LH-20凝膠柱(純甲醇)純化,得到化合物1(100 mg)。
化合物1:白色粉末。1H-NMR(400 MHz,C5D5N)δ:5.31(1H,brs,H-6),5.19(1H,dd,J=15.2,8.5 Hz,H-23),5.05(1H,dd,J=15.5,9.0 Hz,H-22),5.02(1H,d,J=7.6 Hz,H-1'),4.05(1H,m,H-3),1.08(3H,d,J=7.0 Hz,H-21),0.92(3H,s,H-19),0.90(6H,d,J =6.5 Hz,H-26,27),0.87 (3H,t,J=7.0 Hz,H-29),0.66(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,C5D5N)δ:141.0(C-5),139.0(C-22),129.6(C-23),122.0(C-6),102.6(C-1'),78.6(C-3'),78.5(C-3),78.2(C-5'),75.3(C-2'),71.7(C-4'),62.9 (C-6'),56.9(C-14),56.2(C-17),51.6(C-24),50.5(C-9),42.6(C-13),40.6(C-20),39.7(C-12),39.4(C-4),37.6(C-1),37.1 (C-10),32.4(C-7),32.2(C-25),30.2(C-8),30.0(C-2),29.4(C-16),25.6(C-28),24.4(C-15),21.5(C-11),21.3(C-26),19.6 (C-27),19.4(C-19),19.2(C-21),12.3(C-29),12.1(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[8]一致,故鑒定為Δ5,22-豆甾醇3-O-β-D-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷。
化合物2:白色粉末。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:4.60(2H,m,H-30),4.48(1H,dd,J =10.0,6.6 Hz,H-3),2.04(3H,s,COCH3),1.02(3H,s,H-26),1.00(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-24),0.86 (3H,s,H-27),0.84(3H,s,H-25),0.84 (3H,s,H-28),0.83(3H,s,H-23)。13C-NMR (100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:171.1(C=O),154.6 (C-20),107.1(C-30),81.0(C-3),55.4(C-5),50.3(C-9),48.6(C-18),42.0(C-14),40.9(C-8),39.4(C-22),39.2(C-16),38.9 (C-13),38.4(C-1),38.3(C-19),37.7(C-4),37.0(C-10),34.5(C-17),34.0(C-7),27.9(C-23),26.6(C-15),26.1(C-28),25.6 (C-12),25.5(C-21),23.6(C-2),21.5(C-11),21.3(C-2'),19.5(C-29),18.2(C-6),16.5(C-24),16.3(C-26),15.9(C-25),14.7 (C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[9]一致,故鑒定為蒲公英甾醇醋酸酯。
化合物3:白色粉末。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:4.66(2H,brs,H-27),2.41(2H,dd,J=10.5,4.5 Hz,H-2),2.22(1H,m,H-4),0.99(3H,s,H-18),0.89(3H,s,H-30),0.86(3H,d,J=6.5 Hz,H-21),0.60 (1H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-19),0.38(1H,d,J= 4.0 Hz,H-19)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:213.9(C-3),150.6(C-25),109.8(C-27),52.6(C-17),50.4(C-4),49.2(C-14),47.5 (C-5),46.5(C-8),45.7(C-13),42.0(C-24),41.4(C-2),36.4(C-20),35.8(C-15),34.3(C-22),33.3(C-1),33.2(C-12),31.8 (C-23),29.7(C-10),28.5(C-19)27.6(C-16),27.4(C-11),26.3(C-6),25.6(C-7),25.4(C-9),20.6(C-30),19.6(C-26),19.0 (C-29),18.7(C-18),18.3(C-21),11.2(C-28)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[10]一致,故鑒定為cyclomusalenone。
化合物4:白色粉末。1H-NMR(400 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.26(1H,d,H-21),4.49(1H,m,H-3),2.05(3H,s,CH3COO),1.64(3H,s,H-30),1.04(3H,s,H-26),1.01(3H,s,H-29),0.92(3H,s,H-27),0.87(3H,s,H-25),0.85(3H,s,H-23),0.84(3H,s,H-24),0.73(3H,s,H-28)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:171.3(COCH3),140.1(C-20),119.1(C-21),81.1(C-3),55.6(C-5),50.5 (C-9),48.8(C-18),42.5(C-14),42.3(C-22),41.2(C-8),39.4(C-13),38.6(C-1),37.8(C-4),37.2(C-10),36.9(C-16),36.5 (C-19),34.5(C-17),34.3(C-7),28.1(C-23),27.8(C-12),27.2(C-15),23.9(C-2),22.5(C-29),21.9(C-30),21.8(C-11),21.6 (COCH3),18.4(C-6),17.9(C-28),16.7(C-24),16.6(C-25),16.2(C-26),14.7(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[11]一致,故鑒定為φ-蒲公英甾醇。
化合物5:無色油狀物。1H-NMR(500 MHz,CDCl3)δ:5.59(1H,dd,J=6.6,1.8 Hz,H-21),4.12(1H,d,J=12.3 Hz,H-30α),4.01 (1H,d,J=12.3 Hz,H-30β),3.20(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.9 Hz,H-3),2.04(1H,d,J=7.2 Hz,H-19),1.88(2H,m,H-22),1.73(1H,m,H-1β),1.68(1H,m,H-15α),1.62(1H,m,H-12β),1.59(1H,m,H-11β),1.55 (2H,m,H-2),1.55(1H,m,H-13),1.54 (2H,m,H-6),1.54(2H,m,H-16),1.36(1H,dd,J=11.2,4.7 Hz,H-9),1.36(2H,m,H-7),1.27(1H,m,H-11α),1.25(1H,m,H-18),1.11(1H,m,H-15β),1.05(3H,s,H-26),1.02(3H,d,J=6.4 Hz,H-29),0.96(3H,s,H-24),0.95(3H,s,H-27),0.92(1H,m,H-12α),0.91(1H,m,H-1α),0.85(3H,s,H-25),0.76(3H,s,H-28),0.76(1H,m,H-5),0.75(3H,s,H-23)。13CNMR(125 MHz,CDCl3)δ:143.8(C-20),120.7(C-21),79.0(C-3),65.5(C-30),55.4 (C-5),50.5(C-9),48.6(C-18),42.4(C-14),41.8(C-22),41.2(C-8),39.3(C-13),38.9(C-4),38.8(C-1),37.2(C-10),36.7 (C-16),34.6(C-17),34.3(C-7),32.2(C-19),27.8(C-24),27.6(C-2),27.4(C-15),27.0(C-12),22.6(C-29),21.6(C-11),18.4 (C-6),17.7(C-28),16.3(C-25),16.0(C-26),15.5(C-23),14.8(C-27)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[12]一致,故鑒定為taraxast-20-ene-3β,30-diol。
化合物6:白色粉末。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:140.7(C-5),138.3(C-22),129.2 (C-23),121.6(C-6),71.5(C-3),56.9(C-14),56.2(C-17),51.5(C-24),50.2(C-9),42.4(C-4),42.4(C-13),40.6(C-20),39.7 (C-12),37.5(C-1),37.0(C-10),32.2(C-8),32.1(C-7),32.0(C-25),31.7(C-2),28.9(C-16),25.3(C-28),24.4(C-15),21.3 (C-11),21.3(C-26),21.0(C-21),19.3(C-19),18.9(C-27),12.3(C-29),12.0(C-18)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[13]一致,故鑒定為豆甾醇。
化合物7:黃色粉末。1H-NMR(500 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.48(1H,s,5-OH),7.65 (1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-2'),7.52(1H,dd,J=7.8,2.0 Hz,H-6'),6.87(2H,d,J=8.5 Hz,H-5'),6.40(1H,d,J =1.8 Hz,H-8),6.17(1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-6)。13C-NMR(125 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:178.5(C-4),166.6(C-7),163.4(C-5),158.9(C-9),150.4(C-3'),149.5(C-2),147.7(C-4'),138.4(C-3),124.7(C-1'),122.7(C-6'),118.3(C-2'),117.8(C-5'),105.7(C-10),100.9(C-6),96.1(C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[14]一致,故鑒定為槲皮素。
化合物8:黃色粉末。1H-NMR(600 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.47(1H,s,5-OH),7.73 (1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-2'),7.67(1H,dd,J=8.0,2.0 Hz,H-6'),6.93(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5'),6.47(1H,s,H-8),3.82(3H,s,6-OCH3),3.74(3H,s,3'-OCH3)。13C-NMR (100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:176.1(C-4),157.3 (C-7),151.7(C-5),151.4(C-2),148.8(C-9),147.4(C-4'),146.8(C-3'),135.5(C-3),130.9(C-6),121.6(C-1'),122.0(C-6'),115.5(C-5'),111.7(C-2'),103.4(C-10),93.9(C-8),60.1(6-OCH3),55.8(3'-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[15]一致,故確定為4',3,5,7-四羥基-3',6-二甲氧基黃酮。
化合物9:黃色粉末。1H-NMR(600 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.47(1H,s,5-OH),7.74 (1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-2'),7.67(1H,dd,J=7.8,2.0 Hz,H-6'),6.96(1H,d,J=8.0 Hz,H-5'),6.47(1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-8),6.19(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),3.82(3H,s,4'-OCH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:176.0(C-4),164.1(C-7),160.8(C-9),156.3(C-5),148.9(C-4'),147.5(C-2),146.8(C-3'),136.0(C-3),122.1(C-6'),121.8(C-1'),115.7(C-2'),111.7(C-5'),103.2(C-10),98.4(C-6),93.8(C-8),55.9 (4'-OCH3)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[16]一致,故鑒定為檉柳素。
化合物10:黃色針晶。1H-NMR(600 Hz,DMSO-d6)δ:12.97(1H,s,5-OH),7.92(2H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-2',6'),6.92(2H,d,J=9.0 Hz,H-3',5'),6.78(1H,s,H-3),6.48 (1H,d,J=1.8 Hz,H-8),6.19(1H,d,J= 1.8 Hz,H-6)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:181.8(C-4),164.4(C-2),163.8(C-7),161.5(C-9),161.3(C-4'),157.4(C-5),128.6(C-2',6'),121.2(C-1'),116.1(C-3',5'),103.7(C-10),102.9(C-3),99.0(C-6),94.1(C-8)。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[17]一致,故鑒定為芹菜素。
化合物11:白色粉末。1H-NMR(600 Hz,CDCl3)δ:6.05(1H,qd,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-3'),5.93(1H,dd,J=11.4,5.1 Hz,H-3),3.16(1H,dd,J=13.2,4.4 Hz,H-5),2.65(1H,dd,J=15.4,4.1 Hz,H-6α),2.27(1H,m,H-6β),2.20(1H,d,J=14.9 Hz,H-9α),2.26(1H,d,J=14.9 Hz,H-9β),1.96(3H,d,J=1.5 Hz,H-12),1.96(3H,dq,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-4'),1.89(3H,dq,J=1.5,1.5 Hz,H-5'),1.94(3H,s,4-COCH3),1.77(3H,d,J=1.1 Hz,H-13),1.38(3H,s,H-15),0.95 (3H,s,H-14)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3)δ:202.3(C-8),170.7(COCH3),167.2(C-1'),144.7(C-11),138.3(C-3'),130.2(C-7),128.1(C-2'),87.6(C-4),73.9(C-3),60.1 (C-9),44.8(C-5),37.7(C-1),37.2(C-10),26.1(C-2)25.8(C-6),22.7(COCH3),22.6 (C-13),23.6(C-12),20.9(C-5'),19.6(C-14),16.9(C-15),16.0(C-4')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]一致,故鑒定為4β-acetoxy-3β-angeloyloxy-7,11-dehydroeudesman-8-one。
化合物12:白色粉末。1H-NMR(500 Hz,CDCl3)δ:7.06(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-6),6.16(1H,qd,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-3'),4.86 (1H,dd,J=11.4,4.9 Hz,H-3),2.58(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-5),2.27(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-9α),2.32(1H,d,J=15.8 Hz,H-9β),1.98(3H,dq,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-4'),1.89 (3H,dq,J=1.5,1.5 Hz,H-5'),1.42(3H,s,H-12),1.45(3H,s,H-13),1.24(3H,s,H-15),0.98(3H,s,H-14)。13C-NMR(100 MHz,CDCl3)δ:200.8(C-8),168.4(C-1'),144.4(C-7),141.8(C-6),139.5(C-3'),127.4(C-2'),80.9(C-3),73.3(C-4),71.9 (C-11),57.3(C-9),54.0(C-5),38.9(C-10),36.9(C-1),29.1(C-12),28.8(C-13),25.3(C-2),20.6(C-5'),19.5(C-15),18.0 (C-14),16.0(C-4')。以上數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)[18]一致,故鑒定為3β-angeloyloxy-4α,11-dihdroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one。
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Chem ical constituents from Karelinia casPia
HE Jiang-bo1, NIU Yan-fen2*, CHENWu-rong2, LIJin-xian2, WANG Lin-bo2, ZITai-ping2,JU Hong-ping1, JIA Jing1, CHENWei-wei1
(1.School of Medicine,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;2.School of Agriculture,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China)
ABSTRACT:AIM To study the chemical constituents from Karelinia casPia(Pall.)Less.M ETHODS The ethyl acetate extract of K.casPia was isolated and pruified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and reverse-phase RP-18 column.Then the structures of obatined compounds were identified by spectral data.RESULTS Twelve compoundswere isolated and identified as stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(1),taraxasterol acetate(2),cyclomusalenone(3),φ-taraxasterol(4),taraxast-20-ene-3β,30-diol(5),stigmasterol(6),quercetin(7),spinacetin(8),tamarixetin(9),apigenin(10),4β-acetoxy-3β-angeloyloxy-7,11-dehydroeudesman-8-one (11),3β-angeloyloxy-4α,11-dihdroxy-6,7-dehydroeudesman-8-one(12).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
KEY WORDS:Karelinia casPia(Pall.)Less;chemical constituents;isolation and identification
*通信作者:牛燕芬(1979—),女,博士,講師,從事生物入侵生態(tài)學(xué)研究。E-mail:niuyanfen2004@126.com
作者簡介:何江波(1984—),男,博士,講師,從事天然藥物化學(xué)研究。E-mail:147976602@qq.com
基金項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金(31300302);昆明學(xué)院校級課題(XJL14024)
收稿日期:2015-11-17
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2016.05.020
中圖分類號:R284.1
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號:1001-1528(2016)05-1062-05