陳 崇,周桃玉,溫旺榮
(暨南大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院臨床醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)中心,廣東廣州510630)
家族性和三陰性乳腺癌血清中miR-21的表達(dá)
陳 崇,周桃玉,溫旺榮
(暨南大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院臨床醫(yī)學(xué)檢驗(yàn)中心,廣東廣州510630)
目的:檢測(cè)血清miR-21在乳腺癌中的表達(dá)差異,為進(jìn)一步闡明miR-21在家族性和三陰性乳腺癌發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用.方法:收集健康女性體檢者、具有患乳腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)者、不同種類乳腺癌患者的血清.以線蟲(chóng)miR-39為外參,通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)77份血清中miR-21的表達(dá)水平.結(jié)果:家族性乳腺癌組、三陰性乳腺癌組和乳腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)組血清miR-21水平顯著高于正常對(duì)照組、其他乳腺癌組(P<0.01).血清miR-21的表達(dá)水平與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、Ki67高表達(dá)有關(guān)(P<0.01).結(jié)果顯示血清miR-21表達(dá)量在家族性和三陰性乳腺癌中升高,且與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和Ki67表達(dá)有關(guān).結(jié)論:血清miR-21與三陰性、家族性乳腺癌的發(fā)生有緊密聯(lián)系,其表達(dá)增高與乳腺癌的遺傳性、惡性程度及預(yù)后判斷有關(guān).
miR-21;家族性乳腺癌;三陰性乳腺癌;血清;熒光定量PCR
乳腺癌的發(fā)病率位居全球女性惡性腫瘤首位.中國(guó)乳腺癌的發(fā)病率以每年3%~4%的速度增長(zhǎng),現(xiàn)在已成為女性癌癥死亡的主要原因.乳腺癌是一種具有明顯遺傳特征的惡性疾病,是環(huán)境、遺傳等因素共同作用的結(jié)果[1].中國(guó)家族性乳腺癌占所有乳腺癌的20%~25%.而三陰性乳腺癌(雌激素、孕激素受體與人表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體-2均為陰性者)占所有乳腺癌的約15%~20%,且擁有比其他類型的乳腺癌更高的復(fù)發(fā)率和更差的預(yù)后.近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的研究證據(jù)表明microRNA可以作為檢測(cè)癌癥存在和判斷預(yù)后的生物標(biāo)志物.其中miR-21在癌癥患者中的表達(dá)量的改變最為常見(jiàn)[2].2005年Iorio等[3]首次發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-21在乳腺癌組織的表達(dá)量明顯高于正常乳腺組織,Wang F等[4]發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-21在乳腺癌患者組織和血清中表達(dá)均有增高.因此,本研究選擇乳腺癌高危者和不同類型的乳腺癌,特別是家族性和三陰性乳腺癌患者血清中miR-21表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并分析其在家族性和三陰性乳腺癌中的發(fā)病作用.
1.1 研究對(duì)象
研究對(duì)象來(lái)自暨南大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院2013年1月至2014年5月門診、住院就診者.分為以下4組:A組為三陰性乳腺癌病人,共20例,平均年齡(53±1.33)歲;B組為家族性乳腺癌病人,共8例(已剔除三陰性的病例),平均年齡(49±1.98)歲;B2組為家族性乳腺癌病人的健康一級(jí)親屬(具有患乳腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)),共9例,平均年齡(37±4.12)歲;C組為其他乳腺癌病人(除三陰性及家族性乳腺癌),共20例,平均年齡(56±2.43)歲;D組為對(duì)照組,收集同期體檢者血清(入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是無(wú)腫瘤病史和臨床體征的健康女性),共20例,平均年齡(45±3.24)歲.收集血清后放置-80℃冰箱保存.
1.2 所用儀器和器材
Light Cycler1.5 Instrument羅氏實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量?jī)x(德國(guó)Roche);ABI Prism 7000熒光定量PCR儀(美國(guó)ABI公司);高速冷凍離心機(jī)(中國(guó)科技大學(xué)中佳公司);Ⅱ級(jí)B2型生物安全柜(新加坡ESCO);Biophotomet加樣槍(德國(guó)Eppendorf);Biophotometer生物分光光度計(jì)(德國(guó)Eppendorf).
1.3 主要試劑
Trizol試劑(美國(guó)Invitrogen);異丙醇、氯仿、無(wú)水乙醇(廣州達(dá)暉公司);HmiR-21 Hairpin-itTMReal-Time PCR Kit和Cel-miR-39 Hairpin-itTMReal-Time PCR Kit(上海吉瑪公司);線蟲(chóng)Cel-miR-39的雙鏈mimics(上海吉瑪公司);RNA酶抑制劑(加拿大Thermo Fermentas).
1.4 方法
(1)樣本準(zhǔn)備 用含促凝膠的真空采血管抽取研究對(duì)象4 mL外周靜脈血,待血液凝固后3 000 r/min離心10 min,取上層血清至1.5 mL EP管放-80℃冰箱保存.
(2)總RNA提取 血清樣本置冰上融化后,吸取250 μL加入1 mL Trizol中混勻,室溫放置5 min后,加入mimics 4 μL.加入200 μL氯仿,在漩渦混合器中劇烈振蕩15 s,置入離心機(jī)中4℃12 000 r/min離心15 min.將上層液相(約600 μL)吸出,加入500 μL異丙醇中顛倒混勻,室溫靜置10 min.4℃12 000 r/min離心10 min后,棄去上清液.用1 mL配好預(yù)冷的體積分?jǐn)?shù)為75%乙醇(750 μL無(wú)水乙醇加250 μL DEPC處理水)反復(fù)洗滌RNA沉淀.4℃7 500 r/min離心5 min,棄去上清.開(kāi)蓋室溫干燥RNA沉淀25 min.加入30 μL DEPC處理水反復(fù)多次吹打混勻RNA沉淀,使其溶解.測(cè)定總RNA濃度,得到的總RNA純度范圍在1.8~2.0,濃度為25~50 ng/L.
(3)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng) 反應(yīng)體系總體積為20 μL,包括5×buffer 4 μL,dNTP(10 mmol/L)0.75 μL,miR-21逆轉(zhuǎn)錄引物(1 μmol/L)1.2 μL,RNA酶抑制劑(40 U/μL)0.25 μL,MMLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶(200 U/μL)0.2 μL,總RNA樣本5 μL,DEPC處理水8.6 μL.反應(yīng)設(shè)1個(gè)復(fù)孔.反應(yīng)條件為25℃30 min,42℃30 min,85℃5 min.外參Cel-miR-39逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)體系同上.陰性對(duì)照以生理鹽水代替提取的總RNA產(chǎn)物.
(4)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR 反應(yīng)體系總體積為20 μL,包括2×Master Mix 10 μL(包含MgCl2,dNTPs、SYBR Green熒光染料)10 μL,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄引物套裝(5 mol/μL)0.32 μL,Taq DNA聚合酶(5×106U/L)0.2 μL,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物2 μL,DEPC處理水8.6 μL.反應(yīng)設(shè)1個(gè)復(fù)孔.反應(yīng)條件為95℃預(yù)變性3 min,95℃12 s、62℃40 s,40個(gè)循環(huán).外參Cel-miR-39反應(yīng)體系同上.設(shè)置熔解曲線判斷是否有非特異性的擴(kuò)增和引物二聚體的出現(xiàn).空白對(duì)照以生理鹽水代替逆轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物.
(5)血清中miR-21表達(dá)量 PCR擴(kuò)增結(jié)果用Ct值來(lái)表示,Ct值的含義是PCR反應(yīng)中熒光信號(hào)達(dá)到所設(shè)定的閾值時(shí)的循環(huán)數(shù).目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量(relative expression,RQ)用2-ΔΔCt表示[5].ΔΔCt=(標(biāo)本CtmiR-21-標(biāo)本CtCel-miR-39)-(對(duì)照CtmiR-21-對(duì)照CtCel-miR-39),健康體檢者標(biāo)本血清的miR-21作為對(duì)照.
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
數(shù)據(jù)均采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件處理,相對(duì)表達(dá)量2-ΔΔCt成偏態(tài)分布且方差不齊,將2-ΔΔCt進(jìn)行對(duì)數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換后,經(jīng)單樣本K-S檢驗(yàn),符合正態(tài)分布(Z=0.643,P=0.803>0.05),經(jīng)Levene檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果方差不齊(P=0.007<0.05).采用單因素ANOVA分析多個(gè)樣本均數(shù)間比較,兩兩樣本間采用Tamhane's T2法檢驗(yàn).在不同的乳腺癌臨床病理參數(shù)組之間的血清miR-21表達(dá)水平比較,用Wilcoxon秩和檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異.
2.1 miR-21和Cel-miR-39的熔解曲線
miR-21熔解曲線在79℃左右呈現(xiàn)單峰;CelmiR-39熔解曲線在81℃左右呈現(xiàn)單峰,且均無(wú)引物二聚體與雜峰存在,表明PCR反應(yīng)參數(shù)合適,擴(kuò)增目標(biāo)產(chǎn)物特異性較好(圖1).
A:miR-21;B:miR-39;C:miR-21陰性質(zhì)控;D:miR-39陰性質(zhì)控.圖1 miR-21和Cel-miR-39的熔解曲線A:miR-21;B:miR-39;C:miR-21 negative control;D:miR-39 negative control.Fig.1 Melting curves for miR-21 and miR-39
2.2 各組血清miR-21的表達(dá)差異
(1)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果 各組研究對(duì)象血清miR-21及Cel-miR-39的呈標(biāo)準(zhǔn)S型反應(yīng)曲線,陰性對(duì)照曲線呈不規(guī)則型,空白對(duì)照無(wú)擴(kuò)增曲線(圖2、圖3).
A:三陰性乳腺癌;B:家族性乳腺癌;B2:乳腺癌高危者;C:其他乳腺癌;D:正常對(duì)照;N:陰性對(duì)照;K:空白對(duì)照.圖2 各組血清中miR-21實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR擴(kuò)增曲線A:triple negative breast cancer;B:familial breast cancer;B2:high risk for breast cancer C:other breast cancer;D:healthy control;N:negative control;K:blank control.Fig.2 The amplification curves of fluorescence quantitative PCR for serum miR-21 in different groups
A:三陰性乳腺癌;B:家族性乳腺癌;B2:乳腺癌高危者;C:其他乳腺癌;D:正常對(duì)照;N:陰性對(duì)照K:空白對(duì)照.圖3 各組血清中Cel-miR-39的實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR擴(kuò)增曲線A:triple negative breast cancer;B:familial breast cancer;B2:high risk for breast cancer C:other breast cancer;D:healthy control;N:negative control;K:blank control.Fig.3 The amplification curves of fluorescence quantitative PCR for exogenous internal reference miR-39 in different groups
(2)正常對(duì)照、乳腺癌A、B、B2、C組的血清miR-21表達(dá)水平比較 以ΔCt表示標(biāo)本miR-21的表達(dá)量.當(dāng)ΔCt值越低,說(shuō)明miR-21在研究對(duì)象體內(nèi)表達(dá)量越高,檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示了血清miR-21的表達(dá)量.所有研究對(duì)象血清樣本中的miR-21、miR-39檢測(cè)結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1.
表1 血清miR-21在正常對(duì)照與不同乳腺癌分組中表達(dá)差異1)Table 1 Differential expression of serum miR-21 in healthy control group and various of breast cancer groups(±s)
表1 血清miR-21在正常對(duì)照與不同乳腺癌分組中表達(dá)差異1)Table 1 Differential expression of serum miR-21 in healthy control group and various of breast cancer groups(±s)
1)數(shù)據(jù)不成正態(tài)分布采用M(P25,P75)表示.
組別nmiR-21 CtCel-mir-39 Ct2-ΔΔCt1)log102-ΔΔCtA組2025.39±1.5912.11±0.874.00(2.32,11.71)0.67±0.57 B組823.86±1.8411.77±0.9412.87(2.63,56.59)1.06±0.74B2組925.13±0.8011.76±0.654.26(2.97,5.98)0.64±0.19 C組2026.45±1.5911.02±0.800.58(0.38,1.14)-0.16±0.30 D組2027.97±0.7612.46±1.010.76(0.54,1.79)0.00±0.40
經(jīng)單因素ANOVA方差分析,比較5組間的相對(duì)表達(dá)量有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(F=17.11,P=0.00<0.01),進(jìn)一步使用Tamhane's T2法檢驗(yàn)做各個(gè)分組間的比較,三陰性乳腺癌組、家族性乳腺癌組血清miR-21水平顯著高于正常對(duì)照組和其他乳腺癌組(P<0.01);乳腺癌高危組血清miR-21水平顯著高于正常對(duì)照組和其他乳腺癌組(P<0.01);三陰性乳腺癌組、家族性乳腺癌組和乳腺癌高危組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);正常對(duì)照組與其他乳腺癌組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖4).
2.3 血清miR-21的表達(dá)與乳腺癌臨床病理參數(shù)的關(guān)系
乳腺癌血清中miR-21相對(duì)表達(dá)量與腫瘤單側(cè)或雙側(cè)發(fā)生(P=0.679)、年齡(P=0.245)、CA153(P=0.893)、月經(jīng)狀況(P=0.717)無(wú)明顯關(guān)系,各分組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P>0.05).乳腺癌血清中miR-21相對(duì)表達(dá)量與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P=0.000)、Ki67(P=0.006)呈正相關(guān)(表2),P<0.05有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(圖5、6).
A:三陰性乳腺癌;B:家族性乳腺癌;B2:乳腺癌高危者;C:其他乳腺癌;D:正常對(duì)照.圖4 各組血清中miR-21表達(dá)量(n=77)比較A:triple negative breast cancer;B:familial breast cancer;B2:high risk for breast cancer C:other breast cancer;D:healthy control.Fig.4 The serum miR-21 expression levels in different groups
表2 血清miR-21表達(dá)與臨床病理參數(shù)間的關(guān)系Table 2 Assocation of miR-21 expression with clinical and pathological features
圖5 淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況與血清miR-21表達(dá)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖Fig.5 Assocation of miR-21 expression with lymph nod metastasis
圖6 Ki67與血清miR-21表達(dá)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖Fig.6 Assocation of miR-21 expression with ki67
微小RNA(miRNA)是內(nèi)源性非編碼的小型核糖核酸,廣泛存在于動(dòng)物、植物和病毒中,能夠與特定的目標(biāo)mRNA中序列互補(bǔ)配對(duì),并在轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控靶基因的表達(dá)或翻譯,參與生物體的生理、病理過(guò)程.研究表明循環(huán)中miRNA與腫瘤的臨床病理特征密切相關(guān),其表達(dá)情況可以用于惡性腫瘤的診斷、預(yù)后判斷和治療.
通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)人體血清中miRNA的表達(dá)量,消除在RNA提取過(guò)程中樣品間的差異十分關(guān)鍵,之前大多數(shù)研究都選擇內(nèi)參如U6來(lái)達(dá)到這一作用,但是內(nèi)參在人體疾病狀態(tài)下是否影響表達(dá)量也暫不可知,并且在血清中來(lái)源與表達(dá)目前為止仍然存在許多不清楚的因素.本實(shí)驗(yàn)引入人工合成的線蟲(chóng)miR-39作為外源性的內(nèi)參,由于人體血清中不含有此序列且影響因素少,并且這一做法已得到驗(yàn)證[6].
已有研究證明,miR-21編碼基因位于17q23.2[7].在結(jié)腸癌[8]、肺癌[9]、胃癌[10]、乳腺癌[11]等多種腫瘤中表達(dá)異常.miR-21在乳腺癌組織高于正常乳腺組織中的表達(dá)水平,其表達(dá)水平與一些臨床和病理特征相關(guān)[12-14].而且國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者已研究關(guān)注人體血液循環(huán)中miR-21,并認(rèn)為血清中miR-21表達(dá)升高對(duì)惡性腫瘤的早期診斷[2]、早期治療[15]、腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移[11]、腫瘤惡化[16]和預(yù)后[2]等方面具有預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值.因此,本組對(duì)乳腺癌患者血清miR-21進(jìn)行臨床研究.
本研究主要對(duì)正常人、乳腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)人群、乳腺癌患者血清miR-21的表達(dá)水平進(jìn)行檢測(cè),并分析比較之間差異.檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明,家族性乳腺癌組的血清miR-21表達(dá)水平在所有分組中最高;且家族性乳腺癌組、三陰性乳腺癌組和乳腺癌高危組血清miR-21的表達(dá)量均高于其他乳腺癌組和正常對(duì)照組(P<0.05).王責(zé)年等的研究也顯示[17]血清miR-21在乳腺癌患者血清呈高表達(dá);Wang B等[13]使用SYBR green實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)正常對(duì)照和乳腺癌病人血清中miR-21的表達(dá)量,發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-21在癌癥患者血清中顯著增高(P<0.001).上述兩個(gè)研究結(jié)論與本文結(jié)果一致,但存在一定差異,差異在于上述兩個(gè)研究中家族性乳腺癌和三陰性乳腺癌都?xì)w入乳腺癌組,但本研究將家族性乳腺癌和三陰性乳腺癌患者區(qū)分出來(lái)研究分析,所以本文的結(jié)論為正常對(duì)照組與其他乳腺癌組的差異不存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,而家族性乳腺癌和三陰性乳腺癌組均升高.正如Radojicic J[18]等研究中,miR-21在原發(fā)性三陰性乳腺癌患者中高表達(dá),與本研究相一致.
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)9例家族性乳腺癌患者的一級(jí)健康親屬血清中miR-21表達(dá)量增高,與正常對(duì)照組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05).miR-21在乳腺癌高危者血清中高表達(dá)結(jié)合乳腺癌家族史可望用于預(yù)測(cè)患乳腺癌高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),當(dāng)然這一結(jié)論還需增加樣本量進(jìn)一步的實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證.
48例乳腺癌組患者血清miR-21的檢測(cè)結(jié)果與乳腺癌臨床病理參數(shù)結(jié)果顯示,血清miR-21的表達(dá)水平與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移(P=0.000)、Ki67(P=0.006)經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.乳腺癌患者血清miR-21高表達(dá)不僅與乳腺癌的發(fā)生有關(guān),而且與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和Ki67表達(dá)有關(guān).說(shuō)明miR-21與乳腺癌的轉(zhuǎn)移具有相關(guān)性.Ki67抗原是一種在增殖細(xì)胞中表達(dá)的核抗原,能反映腫瘤的增殖活性[19].Ki67抗原的過(guò)量表達(dá)與乳腺癌的惡性生物學(xué)行為和預(yù)后有密切聯(lián)系,并可以作為確定癌前人群中高危個(gè)體的生物學(xué)標(biāo)志物.Ki67與miR-21表達(dá)的正相關(guān),預(yù)測(cè)miR-21在判斷乳腺癌惡性程度、腫瘤的增殖能力、預(yù)測(cè)高危風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也存在一定價(jià)值.
血清miR-21與家族性和三陰性乳腺癌的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),其表達(dá)增高對(duì)乳腺癌的遺傳性、惡性程度及其預(yù)后相關(guān),具體機(jī)制有待探討.至于血清miR-21能否作為該種乳腺癌診斷指標(biāo)、預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)和與BRCA1基因突變的關(guān)系有待進(jìn)一步的研究.
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[責(zé)任編輯:陳詠梅]
The expression of serum miR-21 in the patients with familial breast cancer and triple negative breast cancer
CHEN Chong,ZHOU Taoyu,WEN Wangrong
(Center of Clinical Laboratory Medicine,the First Affiliated Hospital,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510630,China)
Aim:To detect differences of serum miR-21 expression in breast cancer patients in order to further clarify the role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of familial and triple negative breast cancers.Methods:The serum of healthy female volunteers,other types of breast cancer patients and high risk volunteers for breast cancer were collected.The expression levels of miR-21 in sera from 77 patients or volunteers were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR.And Cel-miR-39 was used as exogenous internal reference.Results:The relative expression level of serum miR-21 was significantly higher in familial breast cancer groups、triple negative breast cancer group and high risk group than that in healthy control group or other breast cancer group(P<0.01).The expression of serum miR-21 was associated with lymph nod metastasis and Ki67 expression level(P<0.01).The results showed that serum miR-21 of patients with familial and triple-negative breast cancer,and was revelant with lymph node metastasis and Ki67 expression.Conclusion:Serum miR-21 of patients with breast cancer may be associated with hereditary,the degree of malignancy and determination of prognosis.
miR-21;familial breast cancer;triple negative breast cancer;serum;FQ-PCR
R737.9
A
1000-9965(2015)01-0050-07
10.11778/j.jdxb.2015.01.009
2014-11-12
廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2011B031800315)
陳 崇(1989-),女,技師,研究方向:臨床分子生物學(xué)檢驗(yàn)
溫旺榮,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,Tel:020-38688430,E-mail:wenwangrong@yeah.net