建筑設(shè)計(jì)：渠巖/中國(guó)藝術(shù)鄉(xiāng)建研究院

許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社，和順，山西，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：渠巖/中國(guó)藝術(shù)鄉(xiāng)建研究院

1 外景/Exterior views

許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社在許村東部的藝術(shù)家廣場(chǎng)內(nèi)，包括創(chuàng)作中心、展示中心、藝術(shù)家工作室、藝術(shù)圖書(shū)館、新媒體中心、陶藝工作坊、山西民間藝術(shù)研究基地以及藝術(shù)家休息的鄉(xiāng)村酒吧與餐館等。

許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社大都由被閑置和廢棄的舊影視基地和傳統(tǒng)老屋改建。既保留了傳統(tǒng)建筑的外觀，又重新改造和調(diào)整了內(nèi)部空間與設(shè)施，讓它既保留了傳統(tǒng)建筑的原貌，又具有現(xiàn)代生活的使用功能、舒適和方便。就是想讓村民看到在老房子的形態(tài)里，同樣能過(guò)上現(xiàn)代化的舒適生活。改造好之后很多村民就非常驚奇，感覺(jué)他們熟悉的老房子怎么能做得這么有意思，這也給他們一個(gè)對(duì)自己的老房子重新審視的機(jī)會(huì)和思考。

這棟建筑有當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)的走廊入口，中心庭院還有后院。圍繞中心庭院布局房間，并用材料、光等要素定義并呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代生活的景象。建筑在關(guān)懷環(huán)境、聯(lián)系呈現(xiàn)各歷史時(shí)期架構(gòu)的同時(shí)，還希望帶來(lái)全新的當(dāng)代生活，通過(guò)尊重建筑大環(huán)境和謹(jǐn)慎的使用當(dāng)?shù)亟ㄖ?，滿足生活功能，挑戰(zhàn)限制，定義出具備新意義和更多活力的全新空間。

許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社完全被美麗的太行山環(huán)抱，由傳統(tǒng)建筑改造成的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)空間，被譽(yù)為中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村版的“798”。這里既能為來(lái)自世界各地的藝術(shù)家在中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的腹地帶來(lái)驚喜和啟發(fā)，也能激發(fā)創(chuàng)作者與自然的深層交流。又能為當(dāng)?shù)鼐用駧?lái)新的世界觀和生活方式。同時(shí)也期待將國(guó)際的當(dāng)代藝術(shù)理念深耕于中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的土壤中，以及和當(dāng)?shù)厣缛汗餐瑒?chuàng)造生態(tài)、藝術(shù)與社會(huì)的對(duì)話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，提供藝術(shù)家一個(gè)社會(huì)與人文關(guān)懷相結(jié)合的創(chuàng)作空間。

許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社也積極邀請(qǐng)當(dāng)?shù)氐乃囆g(shù)愛(ài)好者、村民與團(tuán)體參與創(chuàng)作過(guò)程，從而增進(jìn)藝術(shù)與當(dāng)?shù)卮迕竦谋舜死斫馀c交流，讓鮮活生動(dòng)的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)意在古老的村落生根開(kāi)花，并為這座古老的山村以及和順地區(qū)注入新鮮的文化活力。藝術(shù)公社將定期地舉行各種國(guó)際藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作活動(dòng)、國(guó)際藝術(shù)家駐村創(chuàng)作計(jì)劃、青年藝術(shù)家扶植計(jì)劃。以藝術(shù)村的形式提供跨國(guó)及多元化的藝術(shù)合作平臺(tái)，促進(jìn)各國(guó)藝術(shù)家之間的藝術(shù)交流與創(chuàng)作，促進(jìn)跨文化跨領(lǐng)域的對(duì)話，促進(jìn)本地區(qū)的文化知名度與文明的提升，傳達(dá)人與自然、人與藝術(shù)之間的無(wú)限可能性的藝術(shù)實(shí)踐。

許村不僅有藝術(shù)家，還有世世代代在此生活的農(nóng)民，他們與來(lái)自世界各地的藝術(shù)家一起，給太行山下的小山村帶來(lái)了微妙與和諧的碰撞。往昔的古老山村經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)代歲月的浸染，成為了中外文明并獨(dú)具特色的國(guó)際藝術(shù)村，愜意的生活在此時(shí)傾注，都市的喧囂在這里沉寂。簡(jiǎn)樸的農(nóng)舍散發(fā)出藝術(shù)與靈氣。社會(huì)的浮躁無(wú)法干擾許村的寧?kù)o，在寧?kù)o中又不失藝術(shù)煥發(fā)的活力，這種重新煥發(fā)的鄉(xiāng)村精神在時(shí)代中穿梭，許村不但成就了在地藝術(shù)家的人生瞬間，也使這個(gè)古老的鄉(xiāng)村在新的時(shí)空中浴火重生。

Xucun International Art Commune is located in the Artist's Square in the east of Xucun Villiage. It consists of Arts Creation Center, Exhibition Center, Artist’s Studio, Art Library, New Media Center, Pottery Workshop, Shanxi Folk Art Research Base and country bars and restaurants.

Xucun International Art Commune is mostly a renovation of an abandoned film base and some desolated traditional houses. It has not only retained the appearance of traditional buildings, but has also transformed and adjusted the internal spaces and facilities, producing the coexistence of the image of traditional buildings and the functions needed for the convenience of modern life. It enables the villagers to enjoy a comfortable modern life in a house with the old appearance. Many villagers are surprised at the transformed building. They cannot have imagined such an amazing change, which give them a chance to review and think about their old houses.

This building has a traditional corridor entrance and a central court with a back yard. The rooms are arranged around the central court with the elements of materials and lights to define and picture modern life. The architecture caters to the current environment, presents all the structures of different historical periods and at the same time brings a brand new modern way of life. With respect for the overall architectural environment and prudent use of local architectural elements, it aims to meet the requirements for modern life, to challenge limits and define an entirely new space with new meanings and more vitality.

Xucun International Art Commune is surrounded by the beautiful Taihang Mountain. Transformed from traditional buildings into a modern art center, it is regarded as the country version of 798 Art Zone. It does not only bring surprise and inspiration to artists from all over the world in the hinterland of Chinese traditional culture, but also stimulates deep communication between the artists and the nature. It displays a new vision of the world and a new way of life for the local residents. At the same time, it hopes to root the international contemporary art concepts deep in the soil of the Chinese traditional culture, creating an ecological, artistic and social dialogue scene jointly with the local community and provide artists with a creative space with social and humanistic concerns.

Xucun International Art Community has also actively invited local art lovers, villagers and organizations to participate in the creation process, to promote mutual understanding and communication between the local villagers and the artists, to let lively artistic ideas take root and blossom in the village, and to inject fresh cultural vitality into this ancient region. The commune regularly holds various international artistic activities, carries out international visiting artist programs and plans for nurturing young artists. A transnational art platform in form of the art village will be established to promote art exchange between artists from different countries, strengthen crosscultural interdisciplinary dialogues, promote the culture and civilization of the local region, and convey unlimited possibilities for art practices between human and nature as well as between human and arts.

Xucun Village has not only artists, but farmers who have been living here from generation to generation. They work together with artists from all over the world, bringing subtle and harmonious collision to this small village at the foot of Taihang Mountain. The ancient village, having been imbued with arts for many years, has become a unique international art village, where the coziness of life silences the hustle and bustle of the city. The simple cottage gives off the scent of arts. Immune to the fickleness in modern life, Xucun Village remains in peace without losing its vigor in arts. This renewed spirit traverses in times. Xucun Village does not only ignite remarkable moments of life for the local artists, but also makes itself reborn in the new era.

2 外景/Exterior views

3.4 藝術(shù)節(jié)/Art festival

5 外景/Exterior view

6 內(nèi)景/Interior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects：渠巖，郭建華/QU Yan, GUO Jianhua

客戶/Client：許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社/Xucun International Art Community

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：中國(guó)藝術(shù)鄉(xiāng)建研究院/Chinese Art Village Building Research Institute

功能/Program：國(guó)際藝術(shù)交流/International Art Communication場(chǎng)地面積/Site Area：3000m2

建筑面積/Floor Area：1000m2

建筑材料/Materials：磚，紅砂巖/Brick, red sandstone

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2011

攝影/Photos：王笑飛/WANG Xiaofei

7 平面/Floor plan

評(píng)論

羅德胤：創(chuàng)新要自下而上，風(fēng)尚要自上而下。古老的村莊，化身為國(guó)際的、藝術(shù)的村子，自然就具備風(fēng)尚的因子了。 盡管從設(shè)計(jì)手法而言，鋼和玻璃的使用讓這里的新舊反差略顯過(guò)頭，但是新時(shí)代的精英還鄉(xiāng)模式還是讓許村足以成為鄉(xiāng)村保護(hù)與建設(shè)的先鋒。

董衛(wèi)：20世紀(jì)初，我國(guó)曾經(jīng)有一次十分重要的鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，許多學(xué)者、文人和官員都開(kāi)展研究與實(shí)驗(yàn)，為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展作出了貢獻(xiàn)。其中晏陽(yáng)初的“定縣實(shí)驗(yàn)”與費(fèi)孝通的“江村經(jīng)濟(jì)”影響深遠(yuǎn)。而閻錫山在山西的鄉(xiāng)村治理規(guī)模更大，涉及范圍更廣，但他提出的“村本政治”因理想與實(shí)踐脫節(jié)而歸于失敗……約100年以后的今天，鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展再次成為國(guó)人關(guān)注的話題，所不同的是，今天的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展已經(jīng)上升為一種國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略。如果我們將這一變革置于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型的大勢(shì)之中，就可以理解，現(xiàn)在正是各種有益的探索都值得開(kāi)展、也值得鼓勵(lì)的時(shí)代。以藝術(shù)引領(lǐng)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展，是山西許村國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社的特點(diǎn)和亮點(diǎn)，一批特定的人群以對(duì)傳統(tǒng)文化的熱愛(ài)和對(duì)奉獻(xiàn)家鄉(xiāng)的執(zhí)著，通過(guò)國(guó)際化的藝術(shù)活動(dòng)為鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展點(diǎn)亮一盞指路明燈，開(kāi)辟一條前行的道路，的確引人注目。顯而易見(jiàn)，許村的實(shí)驗(yàn)是很有價(jià)值的，同時(shí)也是不易復(fù)制和普及的。因此，除了目前我們所見(jiàn)到的成果外，許村的發(fā)展還期待更為持久的推動(dòng)力和更為深刻的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變革。或許人們會(huì)問(wèn)，這種國(guó)際藝術(shù)公社是一種可能的鄉(xiāng)村改造模式嗎？回答就是：是，也不是。而閻錫山在山西的鄉(xiāng)村治理規(guī)模更大，涉及范圍更廣，他的“村治實(shí)踐”名噪一時(shí)，或可作為本案一個(gè)長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的歷史前奏?

8 草圖/Sketch

Comments

LUO Deyin: Innovation should come from the bottom up, while fashion should go from the top down. An ancient village, when transformed into an international and artistic village, is naturally equipped with fashion factors. In terms of the design techniques, the use of steel and glass a bit overemphasized the contrast between the new and the old. However, this elite-returning-hometown model in the new era is enough to make Xucun Village a pioneer in the field of village protection and construction.

DONG Wei: In the early 20th century, there was an important Rural Reconstruction Movement in China. Many academics, scholars, and officials participated in it by carrying out researches and experiments to promote rural development, among which "Dingxian County Experiment" by Y.C. James Yen (YAN Yangchu) and "Jiangcun Village Economy" by FEI Xiaotong were of far-reaching impact. The rural governance by YAN Xishan in Shanxi Province covered a much larger area with bigger impacts, although his "Village Autonomy" failed eventually due to the disconnection between the ideal and the actual practice... Nowadays, about 100 years later, rural development once again becomes a topic of great concern. Different from the past, the present rural development has become a national strategy. To position this reform in the context of the current socio-economic transformation, it can be understood that now is the time to encourage and carry out a variety of meaningful explorations. The uniqueness and the highlight of Xucun Village International Art Commune in Shanxi Province is the fact that art was leading the rural development. A certain group of people committed to traditional culture at their hometown creates a new path for the rural development by means of international art activities, which is indeed impressive. Apparently, the experiment at Xucun Village is valuable, but it is hard to be copied in other places. Therefore, besides the existing achievements, Xucun Village is looking for a more sustaining impetus and more profound social and economic transformation for further development. People may wonder whether this international art commune is a possible model for rural transformation, and the answer is "Yes, and No". The above mentioned "Village Autonomy" by YAN Xishan in Shanxi Province maybe considered as a prelude to this project?

Xucun International Art Community, Heshun, Shanxi, China, 2011

Architects：QU Yan/Chinese Art Village Building Research Institute