建筑設(shè)計(jì)：格賓斯建筑師事務(wù)所

曼努埃爾·阿納瓦隆學(xué)校，潘吉普伊，智利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：格賓斯建筑師事務(wù)所

這座建筑位于潘吉普伊南部。它試圖為兒童營(yíng)建一個(gè)舒適的環(huán)境，同時(shí)又滿足成人的尺度，并且與都市景觀相協(xié)調(diào)。建筑既有當(dāng)代風(fēng)格，又在形態(tài)和分布上使人聯(lián)想起典型的智利南部建筑，它是可持續(xù)的、能夠與周圍環(huán)境保持關(guān)聯(lián)的建筑，圍繞地塊形成了必要的教學(xué)空間。

地段被劃分為兩個(gè)不同分區(qū)：

（1） 埃內(nèi)斯托·平托學(xué)校的原始校址。它位于這塊區(qū)域的海拔較低部分，在城市中擁有重要的存在感。

（2） 另一分區(qū)位于該區(qū)域的海拔較高部分，它提供了一個(gè)俯瞰城市風(fēng)景的良好視角。

曾經(jīng)的入口區(qū)域現(xiàn)在由前廳、辦公區(qū)和圖書(shū)館組成，以改進(jìn)該建筑在城市中的形象。在這里它仍大致保持原有體量，并距離家長(zhǎng)出入口很近。

海拔較高的區(qū)域建有全部的典型學(xué)校功能設(shè)施，它們形成一個(gè)1°～8°的基本角度，為小學(xué)生提供活動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。其中包括用于大型活動(dòng)的停車場(chǎng)、體育館、食堂、教室、工作室、實(shí)驗(yàn)室。

在這片地區(qū)頻繁出現(xiàn)的南部建筑風(fēng)貌以谷倉(cāng)和南部鄉(xiāng)村民居為主。這些建筑的體量簡(jiǎn)潔實(shí)用，有明確的尺度，呈線性且集中，可以保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用癫皇車?yán)酷天氣的侵?jǐn)_。這些特征的影響使該建筑成為當(dāng)代地域建筑的典范。

在智利南部的鄉(xiāng)下，房屋隨意地分布于自然景觀之中成為其主要聚集特征之一。

這座建筑由4組分別具有不同功能的體量組成：入口、教室、體育館以及接待室。各個(gè)體量的方向基于景觀的視野、北向的陽(yáng)光及避免風(fēng)雨侵襲等原則建立起來(lái)。

內(nèi)部空間也是基于傳統(tǒng)建筑手法來(lái)處理的。走廊在可持續(xù)性方面發(fā)揮作用，它創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)可遠(yuǎn)望當(dāng)?shù)鼐坝^的中間地帶，也被學(xué)生們作為溫暖舒適的室內(nèi)庭院使用。走廊也在生態(tài)環(huán)境方面做出貢獻(xiàn)，通過(guò)朝北的窗戶在冬天獲取陽(yáng)光和溫暖，在夏天引導(dǎo)自然通風(fēng)。

建筑中使用的材料包括鋼筋混凝土、玻璃，以及在雨季性能優(yōu)越的厚鍍鋅鋁鋼板?！酰ㄐ翂?mèng)瑤 譯）

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主持建筑師/Principal Architects:Pedro Gubbins Foxley, Victor Gubbins Browne

合作者/Collaborators: Daniela Torm, Andres Cea, Pablo Montecinos

承建方/Constructor: Constructora Marín

預(yù)算師/Calculist: Mauricio Abella

土地力學(xué)/Soil Mechanics: Manuel Ruz

衛(wèi)生設(shè)備/Sanitary Facilities: Patricio Moya

照明電力/Lighting Electricity: Carlos Gana

生物氣候?qū)W顧問(wèn)/Bioclimatic Consultant: Pablo Sills

聲學(xué)顧問(wèn)/Acoustic Consultant: Mario Huaquin

空調(diào)/Airconditioning: Osvaldo Bustamante

基地面積/Site Area: 13,960m2

建筑面積/Floor Area: 3800m2

材料/Materials: 鋼筋混凝土墻體（首層），鍍鋅波紋鋁板，鋼，玻璃（二層）/Reinforced concrete walls (floor 0), corrugated metal panel structure of zinc painted aluminum, steel, glass(floor 1)

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2011-2013

攝影/Photos: Marcos Mendizabal

1 分析圖示/Analysis diagram

2. 3 外景/Exterior views

The building is located in southern Panguipulli. It attempts to create a nice place for the kids, with suitable human and city scale. At once contemporary and reminiscent of forms and compositions typical of the southern Chilean architecture, it is a sustainable building in close contact with its surroundings. Together with other buildings around the terrain, it generated necessary spaces for teaching.

The terrain is divided into two different zones:

1. The original area of Ernesto Pinto's School is situated in the lower zone of the terrain; this zone has a great sense of presence in the city.

2. The other area is located in the upper zone of the terrain; this zone endows the building with a great position to overlook the landscape.

The building's original access area is kept to improve its urban presence. This area contains the entrance hall, the administrative area and the library. It also keeps its original volume and is close to the parental access.

The upper zone accommodates all the typical facilities of a school, which form a venue of 1° to 8° basic degrees for the pupils' activities to take place. This area comprises parking for massive events, a gym, a canteen, classrooms, ateliers and laboratories.

Southern architectural features are found in barns and southern country houses, which are constantly present in the landscapes. Their simple and functional volume, with clearly-defined scale and linear concentration, protect the inhabitants from inclement weather. These characteristics provide clear reference points by which the building is understood as a contemporary example of regional architecture.

One of the main characteristics of rural settlements in southern Chile is the random way they scatter in landscapes.

This project is conceived as a group of four buildings with different programs: an access, classrooms, a gym, and meeting rooms. Volumes are oriented depending on the views, north light, and the need of protection from wind and rain.

The solutions for interior space are also based on traditional architecture. As an expression of sustainable architecture, the corridors not only create intermediate spaces for the appreciation of local landscapes, but also provide the pupils with a warm and cozy indoor courtyard. Furthermore, the galleries serve as a bioclimatic element with northward windows to obtain light and heat in winter and natural ventilation in summer.

The materials used include reinforced concrete, glass, and thick aluminum-zinc coated steel which has great performance in rainy weather.□

4 平面/Plan

5 入口立面/Elevation, entrance

6 入口剖面/Section, entrance

7 走廊縱向剖面/Longitudinal section, gallery

8 走廊橫向剖面/Cross section, gallery

9 走廊縱向剖面/Longitudinal section, gallery

10 走廊橫向剖面/Cross section, gallery

11 體育館剖面/Section, gym

12. 13 立面/Elevation

14 外景，入口/Exterior view, entrance

15 外景/Exterior view

16 夜景/Night view

評(píng)論

饒小軍：智利南部的自然環(huán)境和氣候條件，孕育出其獨(dú)特的地域性建筑類型。在曼努埃爾?阿納瓦隆學(xué)校的空間布局中，建筑師顯然沒(méi)有背離這種源出自然的空間生成及建造邏輯。他從當(dāng)?shù)厣⒉嫉木勐渚坝^中萃取出建筑的設(shè)計(jì)法則——因地制宜，隨景賦形，把建筑融于自然，形成了彼此分離而相互關(guān)聯(lián)的空間組合，并延伸到內(nèi)部空間的體驗(yàn)與建構(gòu)。

李曉峰：這座頗具智利南部典型鄉(xiāng)土建筑特色的小學(xué)校園，由4組不同體量的建筑組成，錯(cuò)落分布于高程不同的兩片相連的城市地塊。明快的黃色窗墻、折形鍍鋅鋼板坡屋面、因地制宜的平面布局，形成了生動(dòng)活躍的空間界面，塑造出賦有朝氣的校園氛圍。

值得一提的是，小學(xué)校址嵌入周邊城市環(huán)境之中。沿教學(xué)空間布置的寬窄不同的敞廊，通透的豎向帶形窗，不僅創(chuàng)造了觀察城市景觀的多種視角，也是自然天光通過(guò)漫反射進(jìn)入教室的中間地帶，還是引導(dǎo)自然通風(fēng)的舒適的內(nèi)庭院。一系列精心處理使得這座校園更具地域性和生態(tài)特點(diǎn)。

Comments

RAO Xiaojun: Southern Chile's natural environment and climatic conditions give birth to its architecture of distinctive regional character. In the Manuel Anabalón School's spatial layout, the architect apparently did not deviate from such nature-based logic of spatial evolution and construction. He extracted the architectural design principle from local landscape of scattered settlements – creating forms to local conditions and harmonizing architecture with nature to generate interrelated though separate spatial composition, and extended it further into the experience and construction of interior space. LI Xiaofeng: Characteristic of the southern Chilean vernacular architecture, this school is comprised of four building groups of various volumes, scattered in two neighboring urban lots with different altitudes. Floor plans laid out to local conditions, together with bright yellow walls and zigzagging galvanized steel slope-roofs, generate vivid spatial interfaces and create a vibrant campus atmosphere.

It is worth mentioning that the site of the school is embedded in its urban setting. The open corridors with changing widths along the teaching space and the transparent vertical window bands not only create multiple perspectives of urbanscape, but also function as an intermediate zone through which the diffused natural light enters the classrooms, as well as a comfortable courtyard for natural ventilation. A series of careful dispositions have enhanced the school's regional and ecological characters.

Manuel Anabalon School, Panguipulli, Chile, 2013

Architects: Gubbins Arquitectos

17-19 內(nèi)景/Interior views