建筑設(shè)計(jì)：元素建筑事務(wù)所

智利天主教大學(xué)-安赫利尼創(chuàng)新中心，圣地亞哥，智利

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：元素建筑事務(wù)所

1 外景/Exterior view

2011年，安赫利尼公司決定創(chuàng)立位于智利天主教大學(xué)圣華金校區(qū)的創(chuàng)新中心，旨在借此實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)商業(yè)需求、研究人員和藝術(shù)院校知識(shí)創(chuàng)新進(jìn)程之間的緊密聯(lián)結(jié)，進(jìn)一步加速知識(shí)傳遞、創(chuàng)造商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、促進(jìn)資源升值、增加專利數(shù)量，從而提升國(guó)家發(fā)展競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

在這一前提下，通過(guò)空間引導(dǎo)人群的4種行為便成為建筑方案的設(shè)計(jì)重心——正式、非正式工作之間的有機(jī)整合，以及個(gè)人、群體交流機(jī)會(huì)的巧妙融入。我們認(rèn)為，面對(duì)面交流是知識(shí)誕生的最佳方式，因此，整座建筑中充滿了促進(jìn)人與人相遇的場(chǎng)所。人們可以在電梯廳的長(zhǎng)椅上與陌生人分享有趣的信息，也可以在上樓時(shí)經(jīng)由通透中庭觀察其他人的行為，還可以在空中平臺(tái)進(jìn)行自由的交流活動(dòng)。

從功能、環(huán)境和建筑本體出發(fā)，方案對(duì)典型辦公空間的平面模式進(jìn)行了反轉(zhuǎn)。玻璃幕墻圍護(hù)的實(shí)體核心被實(shí)體外墻中的開(kāi)放內(nèi)核替代，并輔以精心設(shè)計(jì)的外墻開(kāi)窗。

雖未明確提出，但客戶仍希望創(chuàng)新中心具有“當(dāng)代外觀”。然而，由于盲目追求當(dāng)代性，如今的圣地亞哥已經(jīng)玻璃塔樓成群。受到當(dāng)?shù)厣衬畾夂虻挠绊?，這些塔樓室內(nèi)會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的溫室效應(yīng)，空調(diào)運(yùn)行造成的能耗損失巨大。但避免室內(nèi)熱量增加并非難事。這座建筑采用的方式是：將外墻換成厚重的實(shí)體材料，而玻璃窗嵌入深陷的凹槽中，既能避免陽(yáng)光直射，又能保證對(duì)流通風(fēng)。由此，該建筑的年耗能僅有45kw/m2, 遠(yuǎn)低于圣地亞哥典型玻璃塔樓的120kw/m2。在玻璃塔樓中，由于辦公空間遮陽(yáng)需求而被迫增加的窗簾、百葉等，使得所謂的透明性變成無(wú)意義的修辭。相比之下，實(shí)體外墻不僅具有能源效益，還可以大大減弱強(qiáng)烈光照，同時(shí)也避免了使用者人為改動(dòng)建筑空間的局面。這樣看來(lái)，對(duì)文脈環(huán)境的呼應(yīng)只是嚴(yán)格遵循常識(shí)罷了。

另一方面，我們認(rèn)為對(duì)創(chuàng)新中心來(lái)講最可怕的是，建筑因功能和形制的過(guò)時(shí)而逐漸荒廢。因此，拒絕使用玻璃幕墻，絕不僅出于環(huán)境品質(zhì)的考慮，更是在竭力探尋一種能經(jīng)歷時(shí)間考驗(yàn)的建筑。從功能角度出發(fā)，避免過(guò)時(shí)的最佳手段是將建筑視為基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一般進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)：簡(jiǎn)潔明了的墻體結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合四角的構(gòu)造筒體，為將來(lái)的改造和更新提供更多靈活的可能性。

從建筑學(xué)角度出發(fā)，使用絕對(duì)幾何形體和完整物質(zhì)構(gòu)成，也正是令永恒性代替時(shí)新性的一種方式?！酰愜?譯）

2 外景/Exterior view

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

客戶/Client: Grupo Angelini, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

主持建筑師/Prncipal Architects: Alejandro Aravena, Juan Cerda, Gonzalo Arteaga, Víctor Oddó, Diego Torres

合作者/Collaborators: Samuel Gon?alves, Cristián Irarrázaval, álvaro Ascoz, Natalie Ramirez, Christian Lavista, Suyin Chia, Pedro Hoffmann

結(jié)構(gòu)工程/Structural Engineering: Mario Alvarez/Sirve S.A.

電力工程/Electrical Engineering: Carlos Gana/Ingenieria y

Proyectos ICG y Cía. Ltda

機(jī)械工程/Mechanical Engineering: Sirve S.A.

現(xiàn)場(chǎng)監(jiān)理/Site Supervision: Juan Cerda

能效管理/Energy Efficiency: Bustamante y Encina Asesorías en Sustentabilidad

獨(dú)立審核/Independent Revision: Gerardo Sepúlveda/S&C Revisores de Edificación

管道工程/Plumbing Engineering: Vivanco y Vega Ltda.

空調(diào)工程/Air-condition Project: Gustavo Concha/A&P Ingeniería

地段面積/Site Area: 455.351m2

總建筑面積/Total Floor Area: 8176m2(建筑面積/building area) ，12,494m2(停車面積/parking area)

材料/Materials: 鋼筋混凝土，鋼，木，玻璃/Reinforced concrete, steel, wood, glass

造價(jià)/Cost: 18,000,000USD

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period: 2011-2012

建造時(shí)間/Construction Period: 2012 -2014

攝影/Photos: Nicolás Saieh

3 首層平面/Floor 0 plan

6 五層平面/Floor 4 plan

5 三層平面/Floor 2 plan

4 二層平面/Floor 1 plan

7 八層平面/Floor 7 plan

In 2011, Angelini Group funded the creation of a center where companies, business ones and others, could share with researchers and the art university ideas and developments. The aim was to contribute to the processes of transferring know-how, of identifying business opportunities, of adding values to existing resources, of registering patents in order to improve the country's competitiveness and consequently its development. The Universidad Católica de Chile was to host such a center in its San Joaquin Campus.

Our proposal to accommodate such goals was to design a building in which at least 4 forms of space could be verified: a matrix of formal and informal areas where individual and teams could work and encounter other researchers. In addition to that, we thought that face to face contact is unbeatable when one wants to create ideas, so we multiplied throughout the building the number of places where people could meet: from the elevator's lobby with a bench to sit on if you happen to run into somebody that has interesting information to share, to the transparent atrium where you can sneak into what others are doing while circulating vertically and to the elevated squares throughout the entire height of the building.

The reversal of the typical office space planning (the opaque core with transparent glass curtain walls on the perimeter is replaced by an open core with massive walls strategically opened on the perimeter) had functional, environmental and architectural reasons.

There was a kind of unspoken expectation of the client: an innovation center had to have a "contemporary look", but the uncritical search for contemporariness has populated Santiago with glass towers that have serious greenhouse effect in interiors due to the local conditions of desert climate. Such towers cause a huge amount of energy consumption for air conditioning. The way to avoid undesired heat gains is not rocket science; it is enough to place the mass of the building on the perimeter, to have recessed glazing to prevent direct sun radiation and allow for cross ventilation. By doing so we reduced from 120 kW/m2/year (the consumption of a typical glass tower in Santiago) to 45kW/m2/year. Such an opaque facade was not only energetically efficient but also helped to dim the extremely strong light that normally forces people to protect the interior working spaces with curtains and blinds that transform in fact the theoretical initial transparency into a mere rhetoric. In that sense the response to the context was nothing but the rigorous use of common sense.

On the other hand, we thought that the biggest threat to an innovation center is obsolescence, functional and stylistic obsolescence. So the rejection of the glass facade was not only due to the professional responsibility of avoiding an extremely poor environmental performance, but also a search for a design that could stand the test of time. From a functional point of view, we thought the best way to fight obsolescence was to design the building as if it were an infrastructure rather than an architecture. A clear, direct and severe wall structure with big shafts in all corners is in the end the most flexible way to allow for continuous change and renewal.

From an architectural point of view, we thought of using a rather strict geometry and strong monolithic materiality as a way to replace trendiness with timelessness.□

8 外景/Exterior view

9 內(nèi)景/Interior view

評(píng)論

饒小軍：顯然，設(shè)計(jì)師并沒(méi)有從現(xiàn)代主義建筑對(duì)于空間的探索中退卻，而是采取了一種批判性的立場(chǎng)，對(duì)于國(guó)際化的建筑風(fēng)格提出正面挑戰(zhàn)。拒絕現(xiàn)代辦公樓建筑的玻璃幕墻做法，而采用內(nèi)外空間的沖突對(duì)比的手法：將建筑施以厚重的外墻和深凹的窗洞，而內(nèi)部中庭空間則盡可能的通達(dá)透明，外實(shí)內(nèi)虛，剛?cè)岵?jì)。設(shè)計(jì)師期待這種空間的體驗(yàn)由此變成一種內(nèi)向的“面對(duì)面”交流，空間場(chǎng)所有助于人們的思想碰撞和知識(shí)傳遞，從而激發(fā)出更多的價(jià)值與意義。

李曉鴻：自由、靈活同時(shí)有著規(guī)則柱網(wǎng)的平面，創(chuàng)造出了許多人們可以相遇交往的空間，也許是在電梯廳的長(zhǎng)椅上，或者是令人向往的空中平臺(tái)。這些典型的現(xiàn)代主義建筑的特征，加之為了抵御圣地亞哥炎熱的氣候環(huán)境影響，所采用的實(shí)體外墻、精心的開(kāi)窗等處理，都讓人聯(lián)想起貝氏1960年代的美國(guó)國(guó)家大氣研究中心。設(shè)想一下，在炎熱的沙漠氣候環(huán)境中，比起被認(rèn)為具有“當(dāng)代性”外表的玻璃塔樓，人們?cè)谶@個(gè)實(shí)體外圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)里具有開(kāi)放內(nèi)核的空間中，是不是會(huì)涼爽、舒適得多呢？

Comments

RAO Xiaojun: Apparently, the designers did not withdraw from Modernist architectural exploration of space; on the contrary, they took up a critical stance, directly challenging the international architectural style. Instead of glass curtain walls commonly used in modern office buildings, the project adopts an approach of conflict and contrast between exterior and interior spaces: the building is clad in thick and heavy exterior walls with deeply concave window openings, while the interior atrium space is made as transparent as possible, hence the well-coupled hardness of solid

exterior and softness of void interior. The designers expect this kind of spatial experience to become an introspective "face-to-face" communication, a place for the collision of ideas and transmission of knowledge, which stimulates greater value and significance.

LI Xiaohong: A free, flexible plan with regular column grid has created a variety of spaces for people to meet and communicate, be it benches in the elevator lobby or desirable platforms in the air. These typical Modernist approaches, together with solid exterior walls and windows meticulously designed to resist the impact of Santiago's scorching climate, remind one of I.M. Pei's design for the National Center for Atmosphere Research in the 1960s. Imagine being in the scorching desert, compared to the kind of glass towers with supposedly "contemporary" trappings, wouldn't this open core space protected by solid exterior structures make one feel much cooler and more comfortable?

Innovation Center UC – Anacleto Angelini, Santiago, Chile, 2014

Architects: Elemental

10 1-1剖面/1-1 Section

11 2-2剖面/2-2 Section