徐勇士　季丹

Unit 1

1. The gravity of the situation shocked Bob Geldof， an Irish musician， so he organized a charity concert called Live Aid to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia. （P2，L2）

【點(diǎn)撥】 raise money for “為……募集錢”。也可為“collect money for”。

【拓展】 raise ones hand 舉起手；raise ones voice 提高嗓音；raise ones awareness 增強(qiáng)意識(shí)；raise an important question 提出一個(gè)重要問(wèn)題；raise many doubts 引起很多質(zhì)疑

2. The concert also made the headlines around the world， and put pressure on politicians and statesmen to do something about the problem of world hunger. （P2，L13）

【點(diǎn)撥】 make the headlines ：是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意思：成為重要新聞。

The scandal was in the headlines for several days. 這條丑聞連續(xù)幾天都刊登在頭版頭條。

3. In fact， hunger is the worlds number one health risks， killing more people than any disease. （P2，P13）

【點(diǎn)撥】 此處是現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語(yǔ)。

His father died， leaving him a lot of money.

=His father died， and left him a lot of money.

【拓展】 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。不定式與only / never等構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，常表示出乎意料的情況。

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

① The bell indicating the end of the period rang， our heated discussion.

A. interruptingB. interrupted

C. to interruptD. having interrupted

【解析】 暗示結(jié)束的鈴聲響了，打斷了我們熱烈的討論。rang 是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，interrupt在此作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。答案為A。

② He hurried to the station， only that the train had left.

A. to find B. finding

C. foundD. to have found

【解析】 他匆忙趕到車站，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了。這個(gè)結(jié)果是出乎意料，所以用不定式作狀語(yǔ)。答案為A。

4. This is beyond doubt an amazing achievement， but is it enough？ （P2， L24）

【點(diǎn)撥】 beyond doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)

The research showed beyond doubt that smoking contributes to heart disease. 這項(xiàng)研究確實(shí)表明吸煙會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟疾病。

【拓展】 no / little doubt 無(wú)疑，確實(shí)地；without doubt 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，的確

There is no / little doubt that... 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)……

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent， ？ （2012年 江蘇高考卷）

A. is there B. isnt there

C. is heD. isnt he

【解析】 因?yàn)榍懊鎡here be 句子中含有否定意義的詞little， 所以反義問(wèn)句用肯定形式。

There be 句型的反義問(wèn)句部分仍然用 There be結(jié)構(gòu)。

5. It is only a shortterm solution to a longterm problem. （P3， L30）

【點(diǎn)撥】 solution n. 解決方法 the solution to... 解決問(wèn)題的方法

【拓展】 解決問(wèn)題的其他表達(dá)法：

the approach to solving the problem

the way to solve the problem

the way of solving the problem

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

The school advisers help you talk through your problem but they dont give you any direct . （2010年 浙江高考卷）

A. solution B. target

C. measure D. function

【解析】 句意：學(xué)校顧問(wèn)幫助你分析問(wèn)題，但是他們不會(huì)給你直接的解決方法。solution 解決方法；target 目標(biāo)；measure 措施；function 功能。答案選A。

6. This should set alarm bells ringing， since the bare fact is that in order for everyone to survive， serious adjustments need to be made in the worldwide development.

【點(diǎn)撥】 set sth. / sb. doing 使某事發(fā)生；使某人開(kāi)始做某事

【歸納】 關(guān)于動(dòng)詞set的其他短語(yǔ)

set about 開(kāi)始，著手；set aside 留出，把……置于一旁；set down 記下，放下；

set off 出發(fā)，引起，放（煙火）；set out 出發(fā)，打算；set up 開(kāi)辦，設(shè)立

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

You had better some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic. （2012年 福建高考卷）

A. set asideB. take up

C. put away D. give out

【解析】 句意：你最好每天留出一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)鍛煉以保持你精力充沛。set aside 留出，撥出，賺錢；take up 占據(jù)，開(kāi)始學(xué)著做；put away 放好，擱一邊；give out 發(fā)出，分發(fā)，耗盡。答案選A。

7. This is a simple idea， but one that is hard to put into practise. （P14， L19）

【點(diǎn)撥】 one 是前面a simple idea的同位語(yǔ)，one= an idea，作同位語(yǔ)時(shí)常用one。

I want to live in a world， one where there is no war and discrimination. 我想生活在這樣一個(gè)世界，在那里沒(méi)有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和歧視。

【拓展】 it， one和that

1） it指的是同一個(gè)，即前面提到的那個(gè)。

2） one和that指的是同一類，但不同個(gè)。one 指代可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，相當(dāng)于a （an）+ n.，復(fù)數(shù)用ones。

3） that 既可指代可數(shù)名詞，又可以指代不可數(shù)名詞。指代可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，相當(dāng)于the one， 復(fù)數(shù)用those，相當(dāng)于the ones；指代不可數(shù)名詞和專有名詞只能用that。

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than on the small ones. （2013年 四川高考卷）

A. one B. this

C. thatD. it

【解析】 that 指代的是the traffic， 不可數(shù)名詞只能用that 指代。

8. On top of this， burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide， which is harmful to the environment.（P14， L44）

【點(diǎn)撥】 on top of 除……之外；在……上面（方）

He lost his job and on top of that his wife left him. 他失業(yè)了，不僅如此，他妻子也離開(kāi)了他。

Put this book on the top of the others. 把這本書(shū)放在其他書(shū)上面。

Unit 2

1. The question is， though， why are so many people retiring and spending their pensions in Florida？ （P18， L12）

【點(diǎn)撥】 though adv.但是，可是（放在句末或句中）

—Have you ever been to Australia？

—No， Id like to， though.

——你去過(guò)澳大利亞嗎？

——沒(méi)有，不過(guò)我很想去。

【拓展】 though conj. 雖然（放在句首，或同as的用法，把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞原形提到though的前面）

Young though he is， he knows a lot. 雖然他還小，但他知道很多。

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

Lessons can be learned to face the future， history cannot be changed. （2014年江蘇高考卷）

A. thoughB. as

C. sinceD. unless

【解析】 句意：盡管歷史無(wú)法改變，但人們可以吸取教訓(xùn)以面對(duì)未來(lái)。答案為A。

2. As the number of older Americans moving there increases， more changes are made to cater to them. （P18， L24）

【點(diǎn)撥】 cater to 迎合，滿足

He publishes several magazines. Some cater to boys， others to girls. 他發(fā)行了幾種雜志，有些是迎合男孩子的，有些是迎合女孩子的。

【拓展】 1） subscribe to 同意；訂閱

2） submit to 屈服于，順從

3） correspond to 與……一致

4） lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向

5） attend to 照料（某人）；處理（某事）

6） appeal to 呼吁，吸引；上訴

7） adapt to 適應(yīng)

8） apply to 向……申請(qǐng)；適用于

3. Perhaps they felt that foreign countries offered better opportunities， as well as a salary in foreign currency such as dollars and pounds.

A as well as B 不但B而且A （重點(diǎn)在A上）；除了B還有A；A和B

【拓展1】 由as well as 連接的復(fù)合主語(yǔ)并不影響謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由as well as 前面部分決定。

Helen as well as I is eager to see the performance. 海倫和我一樣急于要看演出。

【拓展2】 as well常用作狀語(yǔ)，作“又；也”解，相當(dāng)于too或also，常位于句末，無(wú)須用逗號(hào)與句子分開(kāi)。如： I am going to London and my sister is going as well （=going， too）. 我要到倫敦去，我妹妹也要去。

4. The Romany are thought to have first come from India. （P30， L5）

【點(diǎn)撥】 主語(yǔ)+be thought to have done sth. / to be doing sth.：被認(rèn)為做了/正在做某事。可轉(zhuǎn)換為：It is thought that...

The old man is thought to have lived in the forest for many years.

= It is thought that the old man has lived in the forest for many years.

人們認(rèn)為那個(gè)老人在森林里住了很多年。

【拓展】 類似的句型有：主語(yǔ)（人/物）be said / reported / known / considered / believed to have done sth. / to be doing sth.

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

He is thought foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. （2014年 江西高考卷）

A. to actB. to have acted

C. actingD. having acted

【解析】 句意：他被認(rèn)為表現(xiàn)很差，現(xiàn)在他只能責(zé)怪自己丟了那份工作。答案為B。

5. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking action against them， even banning Romany groups from entering.

【點(diǎn)撥】 lead to 導(dǎo)致，通向

Smoking can lead to lung cancer. 抽煙可能導(dǎo)致肺癌。

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

【拓展】 表示“導(dǎo)致”的短語(yǔ)還有：contribute to， bring about， result in， give rise to.

6. During World War Ⅱ， the Romany， along with gays and jaws， live in terror. （P31， L45）

【點(diǎn)撥】 in terror 恐懼地，驚恐地

【拓展】 in vain 徒勞地；in surprise 驚訝地；in advance 提前，預(yù)先；in silence 默默地

7. The topic of the Romany will continue to be controversial， and the peace between them and many Europeans is tentative at best. （P31， L54）

【點(diǎn)撥1】 controversial adj. 有爭(zhēng)議的，引起爭(zhēng)論的

【考點(diǎn)鏈接】

Whether the building in this area should be pulled down has remained ； people are still looking for other possible solutions. （2012年 湖北高考卷）

A. unchallenged B. relevant

C. controversialD. contradictory

【解析】 句意：這個(gè)地區(qū)的建筑是否要推倒仍然有爭(zhēng)議，人們?nèi)匀辉趯ふ移渌赡艿慕鉀Q方法。答案為C。

【點(diǎn)撥2】 at best 充其量，至多

She is at best a secondrate singer. 她充其量是個(gè)二流歌手。

At best they are just crocodile tears. 充其量也就是“鱷魚(yú)的眼淚”。

8. In both makes us feel sympathy for them， and also makes us think about why we tend to have prejudice against other people just because they have a different culture or a different way of life. （P31， L56）

【點(diǎn)撥】 tend v. 走向；傾向，易于tend to do. sth.

照料，照顧，護(hù)理 tend （to） sb. / sth.

She tends to get angry when others disagree with her. 別人不同意她的看法時(shí)，她很容易生氣。

Marys task is to tend（to）the children. 瑪麗的任務(wù)是照料孩子。

【拓展】 tendency n.傾向，趨勢(shì)

He has a tendency towards pessimism. 他有悲觀的傾向。

（作者：徐勇士，泰興市揚(yáng)子江高級(jí)中學(xué)）