[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]there be意為“某處有某物”。"/>
屈培華
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]
there be意為“某處有某物”。如:
There is a park in front of our school. 我們學校前有個公園。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式為:there be +主語(名詞)+地點狀語,其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義,也不發(fā)生變化,而真正的主語是后面的名詞,相當于:主語(名詞)+ be + 地點狀語。如:
There is a restaurant next to the park. 緊挨著公園有個飯店。
there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句只需把be動詞提前,回答時根據(jù)主語變化用Yes, there is/ are. 或No, there isnt/ arent. 如:
—Are there any teachers in the office? 辦公室里有老師嗎?
—No, there arent. 不,沒有。
由there引導的這種結(jié)構(gòu),動詞be (is, are)放在主語之前,需與其在數(shù)方面保持一致,主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時用is,若為復數(shù)時用are。當there be結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個或兩個以上主語時,謂語動詞be應(yīng)與鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致,即“就近原則”。如:
There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一個女孩和兩個男孩。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[一般過去時]
句式結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)be動詞過去時的句式:
否定句是在was/ were后面加not;一般疑問句是把was/ were提前放到句首。
(2)實義動詞過去時的句式:
① 肯定式:主語+動詞過去式+其他
② 否定式:主語+ did not (didnt) +動詞原形+其他
③ 一般疑問式:Did +主語+動詞原形+其他?
④ 特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+動詞原形+其他?
活動環(huán)境
(1)主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),句中通常有表示過去的時間狀語;
(2)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作,此時常與often, always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用;
(3)敘述已去世人的情況;
(4)如果有些情況發(fā)生的時間不是很清楚,但實際上是過去發(fā)生的,也應(yīng)用一般過去時。
時間狀語
(1)yesterday及其構(gòu)成的短語;
(2)由“l(fā)ast +時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語;
(3)由“介詞+表示過去的時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語;
(4)由“一段時間+ ago”構(gòu)成的短語;
(5)其他一些表示過去時間的短語。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[祈使句 ]
祈使句常常用來表達命令、請求或者建議。主語“you”通常省略,并且謂語動詞用原形。句尾用感嘆號或句號,讀的時候用降調(diào)。
(1)肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu):
Be動詞+其他成分。如:
Be a good boy! 做個好孩子!
Let +人(或者人稱代詞的賓格) +動詞原形。如:
Let me have a look. 讓我看一看。
其他動詞類。如:
Stand up, please! 請起立!
(2)否定句式結(jié)構(gòu):
祈使句的否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)通常是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加Dont。如:
Dont ask me when Im busy! 別在我忙的時候問我!
(3)特殊用法:
即“無動詞祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的標語牌上。如:
No parking! 禁止停車!
No smoking! 禁止吸煙!
No swimming! 禁止游泳!
(4)加強語氣的祈使句:Do +動詞原形。如:
Do write to me soon! 一定要快點給我寫信呀!
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[現(xiàn)在進行時]
現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。由“系動詞be (am, is, are) +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)”構(gòu)成。其中am, is, are在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致。
句式結(jié)構(gòu):
肯定式:主語 + am/ is/ are + v-ing
否定式:主語 + am/ is/ are + not + v-ing
一般疑問式及其回答:
Am/ Is/ Are +主語+ v-ing?
Yes, 主語+ am/ is/ are.
No, 主語+ am not/ isnt/ arent.
特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ am/ is/ are +主語+ v-ing?
判定方法:
(1)現(xiàn)在進行時在多數(shù)情況下是通過now來判定的。
(2)以動詞Look!或Listen!等開頭的句子,提示我們說話時動作正在進行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。
(3)描述圖片中人物的動作時常用現(xiàn)在進行時,以示生動。
(4)通過前后的語言環(huán)境、時間等來說明動作發(fā)生的時間,也可由特定的語境來表達。
<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[訓練基地]
Ⅰ. 單項選擇。
( )1. Look! The girls ______ cards over there.
A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing
( )2. —What are the girls doing?
—They ______.
A. are looking English books B. are seeing a film
C. are listening the music D. watching a film
( )3. ______ weekend, I ______ an old friend in London.
A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting
C. This; visit D. This; am visit
( )4. ______ there a bike and two men under the tree?
A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has
( )5. —______ take off your coat, Kate. Its cold today.
—OK.
A. Dont B. Cant C. Youd better D. Please
( )6. —______ you in Australia last year?
—Yes, I ______.
A. Were; was B. Were; were C. Was; were D. Was; was
( )7. —How did you ______ the weekend?
—I helped my mother cook food.
A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent
( )8. We ______ the end-of-year exam yesterday.
A. have B. had C. are D. are having
( )9. —When ______ you ______ the room?
—Last Monday.
A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean
( )10. —______ yesterday?
—It was rainy.
A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather
C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like
Ⅱ. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ______ (come) to visit.
2. ______ her brother ______ (like) playing football every day?
3. Its nine oclock. His grandfather ______ (lie) in bed.
4. He ______ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.
5. Many people ______ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.
6. How ______ (be) the weather last winter?
7. On weekdays, when ______ you ______ (get) up?
8. Jims cousin ______ (do) his homework every day. But he ______ (not do) it yesterday.
9. Look! The boy ______ (put) on his sweater by himself.
10. I ______ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.
11. —______ you ______ (know) the boy over there?
—Which boy?
—The boy who is ______ (sit) near the window of the classroom.
12. I like ______ (read), but I like ______ (go) to the cinema this evening.
13. Would you like ______ (go) to the park this afternoon?
14. Dont ______ (agree) with him. Hes wrong.
15. They ______ (practice) writing at school now.
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1~5 DBAAA 6~10 AABBD
Ⅱ. 1. comes 2. Does; like 3. is lying 4. had
5. run 6. was 7. do; get 8. does; didnt do
9. is putting 10. bought 11. Do; know; sitting 12. reading; to go
13. to go 14. agree 15. are practicing