[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]there be意為“某處有某物”。"/>

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新目標英語七年級 (下)重點語法聚焦

2015-08-12 19:27:15屈培華
中學生英語·閱讀與寫作 2015年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:原形喇叭狀語

屈培華

<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[There be結(jié)構(gòu)]

there be意為“某處有某物”。如:

There is a park in front of our school. 我們學校前有個公園。

there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地存在某物或某人”。它的基本句式為:there be +主語(名詞)+地點狀語,其中there是引導詞,本身無詞義,也不發(fā)生變化,而真正的主語是后面的名詞,相當于:主語(名詞)+ be + 地點狀語。如:

There is a restaurant next to the park. 緊挨著公園有個飯店。

there be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句只需把be動詞提前,回答時根據(jù)主語變化用Yes, there is/ are. 或No, there isnt/ arent. 如:

—Are there any teachers in the office? 辦公室里有老師嗎?

—No, there arent. 不,沒有。

由there引導的這種結(jié)構(gòu),動詞be (is, are)放在主語之前,需與其在數(shù)方面保持一致,主語是不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時用is,若為復數(shù)時用are。當there be結(jié)構(gòu)中有兩個或兩個以上主語時,謂語動詞be應(yīng)與鄰近的主語在數(shù)上保持一致,即“就近原則”。如:

There is a girl and two boys in the classroom. 教室里有一個女孩和兩個男孩。

<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[一般過去時]

句式結(jié)構(gòu)

(1)be動詞過去時的句式:

否定句是在was/ were后面加not;一般疑問句是把was/ were提前放到句首。

(2)實義動詞過去時的句式:

① 肯定式:主語+動詞過去式+其他

② 否定式:主語+ did not (didnt) +動詞原形+其他

③ 一般疑問式:Did +主語+動詞原形+其他?

④ 特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ did +主語+動詞原形+其他?

活動環(huán)境

(1)主要用于過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),句中通常有表示過去的時間狀語;

(2)表示過去一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常或反復發(fā)生的動作,此時常與often, always等表示頻度的時間狀語連用;

(3)敘述已去世人的情況;

(4)如果有些情況發(fā)生的時間不是很清楚,但實際上是過去發(fā)生的,也應(yīng)用一般過去時。

時間狀語

(1)yesterday及其構(gòu)成的短語;

(2)由“l(fā)ast +時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語;

(3)由“介詞+表示過去的時間名詞”構(gòu)成的短語;

(4)由“一段時間+ ago”構(gòu)成的短語;

(5)其他一些表示過去時間的短語。

<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[祈使句 ]

祈使句常常用來表達命令、請求或者建議。主語“you”通常省略,并且謂語動詞用原形。句尾用感嘆號或句號,讀的時候用降調(diào)。

(1)肯定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

Be動詞+其他成分。如:

Be a good boy! 做個好孩子!

Let +人(或者人稱代詞的賓格) +動詞原形。如:

Let me have a look. 讓我看一看。

其他動詞類。如:

Stand up, please! 請起立!

(2)否定句式結(jié)構(gòu):

祈使句的否定句式結(jié)構(gòu)通常是在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)前加Dont。如:

Dont ask me when Im busy! 別在我忙的時候問我!

(3)特殊用法:

即“無動詞祈使句”,常常用于一些表示禁止的標語牌上。如:

No parking! 禁止停車!

No smoking! 禁止吸煙!

No swimming! 禁止游泳!

(4)加強語氣的祈使句:Do +動詞原形。如:

Do write to me soon! 一定要快點給我寫信呀!

<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[現(xiàn)在進行時]

現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生或進行的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。由“系動詞be (am, is, are) +動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(v-ing)”構(gòu)成。其中am, is, are在人稱和數(shù)上要與主語保持一致。

句式結(jié)構(gòu):

肯定式:主語 + am/ is/ are + v-ing

否定式:主語 + am/ is/ are + not + v-ing

一般疑問式及其回答:

Am/ Is/ Are +主語+ v-ing?

Yes, 主語+ am/ is/ are.

No, 主語+ am not/ isnt/ arent.

特殊疑問式:特殊疑問詞+ am/ is/ are +主語+ v-ing?

判定方法:

(1)現(xiàn)在進行時在多數(shù)情況下是通過now來判定的。

(2)以動詞Look!或Listen!等開頭的句子,提示我們說話時動作正在進行,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在進行時。

(3)描述圖片中人物的動作時常用現(xiàn)在進行時,以示生動。

(4)通過前后的語言環(huán)境、時間等來說明動作發(fā)生的時間,也可由特定的語境來表達。

<\\Huxi\劉鄲\2015年湖南版\7~8期\七年級\喇叭.tif>[訓練基地]

Ⅰ. 單項選擇。

( )1. Look! The girls ______ cards over there.

A. play B. playing C. is playing D. are playing

( )2. —What are the girls doing?

—They ______.

A. are looking English books B. are seeing a film

C. are listening the music D. watching a film

( )3. ______ weekend, I ______ an old friend in London.

A. Last; visited B. Last; visiting

C. This; visit D. This; am visit

( )4. ______ there a bike and two men under the tree?

A. Is B. Are C. Have D. Has

( )5. —______ take off your coat, Kate. Its cold today.

—OK.

A. Dont B. Cant C. Youd better D. Please

( )6. —______ you in Australia last year?

—Yes, I ______.

A. Were; was B. Were; were C. Was; were D. Was; was

( )7. —How did you ______ the weekend?

—I helped my mother cook food.

A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. spent

( )8. We ______ the end-of-year exam yesterday.

A. have B. had C. are D. are having

( )9. —When ______ you ______ the room?

—Last Monday.

A. do; clean B. did; clean C. are; cleaning D. does; clean

( )10. —______ yesterday?

—It was rainy.

A. How was the weather like B. What was the weather

C. How is the weather D. What was the weather like

Ⅱ. 用所給動詞的適當形式填空。

1. I can take Wang Gang there when he ______ (come) to visit.

2. ______ her brother ______ (like) playing football every day?

3. Its nine oclock. His grandfather ______ (lie) in bed.

4. He ______ (have) fun in the Palace Museum yesterday.

5. Many people ______ (run) in the park every Sunday morning.

6. How ______ (be) the weather last winter?

7. On weekdays, when ______ you ______ (get) up?

8. Jims cousin ______ (do) his homework every day. But he ______ (not do) it yesterday.

9. Look! The boy ______ (put) on his sweater by himself.

10. I ______ (buy) a new dictionary the day before yesterday.

11. —______ you ______ (know) the boy over there?

—Which boy?

—The boy who is ______ (sit) near the window of the classroom.

12. I like ______ (read), but I like ______ (go) to the cinema this evening.

13. Would you like ______ (go) to the park this afternoon?

14. Dont ______ (agree) with him. Hes wrong.

15. They ______ (practice) writing at school now.

Keys:

Ⅰ. 1~5 DBAAA 6~10 AABBD

Ⅱ. 1. comes 2. Does; like 3. is lying 4. had

5. run 6. was 7. do; get 8. does; didnt do

9. is putting 10. bought 11. Do; know; sitting 12. reading; to go

13. to go 14. agree 15. are practicing

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