高立明,姚樹坤,康麗影,賀玉卿,徐紅梅,鄭磊,韓俊嶺,高慶壯
單純性肥胖者胃動(dòng)力相關(guān)激素的研究及電針刺激的影響
高立明,姚樹坤,康麗影,賀玉卿,徐紅梅,鄭磊,韓俊嶺,高慶壯
目的探討胃動(dòng)力相關(guān)激素對(duì)單純性肥胖伴暴食行為者胃動(dòng)力的影響,并探討電針刺激減肥的有效性。方法52名志愿者分為正常對(duì)照組(n=20)和肥胖組(n=32),肥胖組給予電針刺激治療,每天1次,每次30min,連續(xù)7d。采用酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測(cè)兩組用餐前后以及肥胖組針刺治療前后的生長(zhǎng)素(ghrelin),胰高糖素肽-1(GLP-1)水平;放免法測(cè)定瘦素(leptin)及胃動(dòng)素(MTL)水平。測(cè)量電針刺激后肥胖組的體重變化。結(jié)果與對(duì)照組比較,無論餐前或餐后,肥胖組胃動(dòng)素水平和瘦素水平均明顯升高(P<0.01),生長(zhǎng)素和GLP-1水平均明顯降低(P<0.01)。肥胖組經(jīng)電針治療后胃動(dòng)素和瘦素水平均較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01),生長(zhǎng)素水平與治療前比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),GLP-1水平較治療前明顯上升(P<0.01)。與治療前比較,治療后肥胖組體重減輕3.55±1.00kg。結(jié)論電針刺激可通過影響胃動(dòng)力相關(guān)激素對(duì)單純性肥胖伴暴食行為者起到確切的減肥治療作用。
肥胖癥,病態(tài);促胃動(dòng)素;瘦素
肥胖相關(guān)的內(nèi)分泌激素是肥胖研究領(lǐng)域非常重要的研究?jī)?nèi)容,在有關(guān)肥胖機(jī)制及防治問題上具有獨(dú)特地位。本研究探討瘦素(leptin)、生長(zhǎng)素(ghrelin)、胰高血糖素樣肽-1(GLP-1)、胃動(dòng)素(motilin,MTL)等4種激素對(duì)肥胖者胃動(dòng)力的影響以及電針針刺減肥的有效性。
1.1 一般資料 納入2011年6月-2012年11月來自石家莊多所院校的52名志愿者,其中正常對(duì)照組20例,男11例,女9例,年齡22.6±6.2歲,BMI 21.28±1.84kg/m2,肥胖組(單純性肥胖伴暴食行為)32例,男17例,女15例,年齡23.6±6.2歲,BMI 31.05±1.55kg/m2。所有受試者均簽署書面知情同意書。
1.2 入選及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):所有受試對(duì)象年齡>18歲;無胃腸道疾病史;無消化道手術(shù)史;未應(yīng)用任何藥物。肥胖組BMI≥30kg/m2,飲食行為為暴食、多食或不停進(jìn)食,對(duì)照組BMI 18.5~24.9kg/m2;女性受試者2周內(nèi)無服用避孕藥史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):繼發(fā)于神經(jīng)-內(nèi)分泌-代謝紊亂基礎(chǔ)上的多種疾病伴肥胖癥;消化道器質(zhì)性疾病,如食管炎、糜爛性胃炎、萎縮性胃炎、胃與十二指腸潰瘍等;有吞咽障礙如賁門失弛緩癥或?qū)?jīng)口插管過度敏感;妊娠或哺乳期女性;年齡≤18歲。所有女性受試對(duì)象均在月經(jīng)期結(jié)束3d后接受試驗(yàn)。
1.3 主要試劑及儀器 SN-697B型全自動(dòng)雙探頭γ計(jì)數(shù)儀(上海原子核研究所日環(huán)儀器廠);MK3酶標(biāo)儀(芬蘭Themo公司);蘇州醫(yī)療用品廠生產(chǎn)的華佗牌毫針(長(zhǎng)度40~50mm,直徑0.32mm);脈沖發(fā)生器(acupulser A310,world precision instrument,USA),刺激隔離器(stimulus isolator A385,world precision instrument,USA)。工作參數(shù):串脈沖刺激設(shè)定為刺激2s,停3s(即12cpm),串脈沖頻率40Hz,波寬500μs,輸出電流1mA。生長(zhǎng)素、GLP-1酶聯(lián)免疫試劑盒(phoenix pharmaceuticals, Inc.),胃動(dòng)素、瘦素放免疫試劑盒(北京福瑞生物工程公司)。
1.4 方法 所有受試志愿者禁食12h后于上午8點(diǎn)采空腹靜脈血8ml,進(jìn)餐(康師傅方便面127g:碳水化合物88g,脂肪25g,蛋白質(zhì)14g,總熱量633kcal)5~10min,餐后30min第2次采血8ml,-70冷凍備用。采用酶聯(lián)免疫法檢測(cè)生長(zhǎng)素、GLP-1;采用放免法測(cè)定瘦素及MTL。測(cè)量空腹體重。取血樣當(dāng)天,肥胖組給予電針刺激治療,針刺足三里、陰陵泉和天樞穴,有針感(得氣)后,陰陵泉和足三里穴接脈沖發(fā)生器,通電時(shí)間30min,天樞穴留針,但不接電針刺激,每次30min,每天1次,連續(xù)7d。其間不需節(jié)食,僅要求避免辛辣刺激飲食和禁酒。第8天重復(fù)第1天血樣采集過程并再次測(cè)量空腹體重。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 11.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料以表示,兩個(gè)樣本均數(shù)間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);方差不齊采用t'檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組激素水平比較 與餐前比較,兩組餐后胃動(dòng)素水平均明顯升高,生長(zhǎng)素水平則明顯降低(P<0.01)。無論餐前或餐后,肥胖組瘦素、胃動(dòng)素水平均較對(duì)照組明顯升高,生長(zhǎng)素、GLP-1水平明顯降低(P<0.01)。兩組餐前和餐后瘦素水平差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。對(duì)照組餐后GLP-1水平較餐前明顯升高(P<0.01),肥胖組餐后GLP-1水平較餐前釋放明顯減少(P<0.01,表1)。
2.2 電針治療對(duì)肥胖組激素水平的影響 治療后,餐后胃動(dòng)素明顯高于餐前(P<0.01),生長(zhǎng)素水平明顯低于餐前(P<0.01)。無論餐前或餐后,治療后胃動(dòng)素及瘦素水平均較治療前明顯下降(P<0.01)。治療后餐后瘦素及GLP-1水平與餐前比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);無論餐前或餐后,治療后瘦素水平與治療前比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后GLP-1水平均較治療前明顯上升(P<0.01,表1)。
表1 兩組激素水平比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of hormone levels between the two groups (±s)
表1 兩組激素水平比較(±s)Tab.1 Comparison of hormone levels between the two groups (±s)
(1)P<0.01 compared with normal control group; (2)P<0.01 compared with before meal; (3)P<0.01 compared with before electric acupuncture treatment
Normal control group (n=20) Obese group (n=32) Before meal After meal Before electric acupuncture treatment After electric acupuncture treatment Before meal After meal Before meal After meal Motilin(pg/ml) 125.76±33.09 276.8±50.55(2) 283.95±83.84(1) 368.80±137.5(1)(2) 230.73±9.25(3) 364.52±91.51(2)(3)Leptin(ng/ml) 1.33±0.51 1.21±0.55 7.42±4.66(1) 7.53±4.98(1) 3.31±1.28(3) 3.49±1.35(3)Ghrelin(pg/ml) 9.72±7.10 3.36±2.38(2) 3.23±1.24(1) 1.45±0.96(1)(2) 3.20±1.21 1.43±0.92(2)GLP-1(pg/L) 3.64±1.42 6.59±1.23(2) 1.67±0.36(1) 1.08±0.81(1)(2) 2.55±0.72(3) 2.65±1.12(3)Item
2.3 電針治療對(duì)肥胖組體重的影響 肥胖組治療前體重89.25±7.72kg,治療后85.70±7.43kg,治療后體重較治療前減輕3.55±1.00kg。
瘦素是由146個(gè)氨基酸組成的糖蛋白,主要由脂肪細(xì)胞分泌產(chǎn)生,研究表明瘦素直接影響飽感、能量平衡及攝食行為[1],多數(shù)肥胖者脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的瘦素較多,機(jī)體則表現(xiàn)為瘦素抵抗[2]。本試驗(yàn)肥胖組瘦素水平無論餐前還是餐后均明顯高于正常對(duì)照組,與其他報(bào)道相似,而進(jìn)餐對(duì)瘦素水平無明顯影響。盡管肥胖者瘦素水平很高,但卻未能抑制食欲、減少進(jìn)食、增加產(chǎn)熱效應(yīng)及引起體重下降,表明肥胖者對(duì)瘦素抵抗,而電針治療后無論餐前還是餐后瘦素水平均明顯下降,對(duì)應(yīng)肥胖者均有體重減輕,可能是因?yàn)殡娽樦委熓狗逝终叩氖菟氐挚沟玫搅艘欢ǜ纳啤?/p>
生長(zhǎng)素屬腦腸肽,是由28個(gè)氨基酸組成的小分子多肽,主要作用是刺激食物攝入,提高碳水化合物的利用率[3]、降低脂肪消耗[4],增強(qiáng)胃蠕動(dòng)以及促進(jìn)胃的排空和胃酸分泌等。正常人生長(zhǎng)素分泌的日間節(jié)律為早、中、晚三餐前增高,餐后迅速下降,然后再緩慢上升,至下一餐前再迅速上升達(dá)一高峰,一天中最高峰在凌晨2時(shí)左右出現(xiàn),而最低點(diǎn)在上午9~10時(shí)出現(xiàn),提示它可能是引起攝食行為的始動(dòng)因素[5]。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示肥胖組無論餐前還是餐后生長(zhǎng)素水平均明顯低于正常對(duì)照組,表明生長(zhǎng)素降低可能是肥胖患者對(duì)正能量平衡的生理調(diào)節(jié)過程。在肥胖這種異常能量代謝狀態(tài)下,可能存在進(jìn)食對(duì)生長(zhǎng)素的抑制作用減弱,進(jìn)而引起食欲增大。本研究結(jié)果顯示,電針治療對(duì)肥胖組餐前和餐后生長(zhǎng)素水平影響不明顯。
MTL是一種能促進(jìn)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)并呈周期性釋放的腦腸肽,主要生理作用是引發(fā)消化間期移行性運(yùn)動(dòng)綜合波(MMC)而起腸道清道夫的作用,還能加速胃的固體和液體排空[6]。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,肥胖組無論餐前還是餐后胃動(dòng)素水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,肥胖組和對(duì)照組餐后胃動(dòng)素水平均較各自餐前明顯升高。這與部分文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的消化間期的情況不一致,可能與選擇的試驗(yàn)對(duì)象有關(guān)。本試驗(yàn)受試者均為單純性肥胖伴暴食行為者,且均為20歲左右的青年人。也可能與所研究的MMC時(shí)相不同有關(guān)。電針治療后,肥胖組無論是餐前還是餐后,MTL均明顯下降,且餐后MTL水平明顯高于餐前。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),針刺人特定穴位能引起血胃動(dòng)素顯著持續(xù)釋放[7],可能與針刺治療能有效改變胃腸運(yùn)動(dòng)功能失調(diào)有密切聯(lián)系,推測(cè)血漿胃動(dòng)素在針刺對(duì)胃腸調(diào)整作用的機(jī)制中起重要作用。
GLP-1是胰高糖素前體中的一段37肽,由腸道L細(xì)胞合成并加工,作用于外周,具有延緩胃排空,促進(jìn)胰島素釋放,增加胰島素效能,維持碳水化合物平衡的作用。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,肥胖組無論餐前還是餐后GLP-1水平均較正常對(duì)照組明顯降低,正常對(duì)照組餐后較餐前明顯升高,而肥胖組餐后與餐前比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。正常人餐后GLP-1的快速升高反應(yīng)可能是一部分消化的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)迅速抵達(dá)遠(yuǎn)段小腸的結(jié)果。雖然遠(yuǎn)段小腸L細(xì)胞密度較高,但空腸也發(fā)現(xiàn)有一定數(shù)量的L細(xì)胞,因此,營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)迅速抵達(dá)近段小腸是GLP-1早期分泌峰的最好解釋,而肥胖者GLP-1分泌相對(duì)減弱[8]。GLP-1經(jīng)由直接作用于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),或迷走神經(jīng)或激活迷走傳入纖維來減慢胃的排空,也使胃舒張,產(chǎn)生飽感。健康志愿者外周注射Exendin-4(GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑)可明顯降低攝食[9],肥胖組GLP-1水平較正常對(duì)照組明顯降低[10-11],有利于肥胖癥者胃腸道對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、促進(jìn)小腸的吸收和減弱飽感的產(chǎn)生。另外,GLP-1水平降低可能是造成肥胖者胃動(dòng)力亢進(jìn),胃排空加快[12]、胃感覺遲鈍[13]、飽感延遲發(fā)生的主要原因之一,而電針治療能提高肥胖組餐前和餐后的GLP-1水平,但餐后與餐前無明顯差異。
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Study of hormones correlated with gastric motility and effect of electroacupuncture in uncomplicated obese subjects
GAO Li-ming1, YAO Shu-kun2*, KANG Li-ying3, HE Yu-qing1, XU Hong-mei1, ZHENG Lei1, HAN Jun-ling1, GAO Qing-zhuang11Department of Oncology, First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
2Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
3Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital in Wuqing District of Tianjin, Tianjin 301700, China
*Correspondence author, E-mail: yao.sk@hbmu.edu
This work was supported by the Scientific Research and Development Plan of Hebei Science and Technology Department(072761136), and the Scientific Research Project of Health Department of Hebei Province (07269)
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of gastric motility (GM) related hormones on the GM of uncomplicated obese binge eater, and to explore the effect of electroacupuncture on weight loss.MethodsThirty-two obese subjects with habit of immoderate eating and 20 healthy subjects with normal weight were enrolled. Venous blood samples were collected at 8:00p. m. after an overnight fast and collected again 30min after meal, then stored at -70℃. Serum ghrelin and GLP-1 were determined with ELISA method and motilin and leptin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. 30min stimulation of electroacupuncture was performed daily on the obese persons for a week. On the eighth day, blood samples of the obese were collected again.ResultsWhether before or after meal, serum motilin and leptin levels were higher in obese group than in the control group (P<0.01), while ghrelin and GLP-1 levels were lower in obese group than in control group (P<0.01). A mean weight loss of 3.55±1.00kg was observed in obese group. After electroacupuncture, serum motilin and leptin levels were lower than those before stimulation (P<0.01), serum ghrelin level was similar to that before stimulation (P>0.05), and serum GLP-1 increased significantly in comparison with those before stimulation (P<0.01) in the obese group.ConclusionElectroacupuncture stimulation gives a certain therapeutic effect on loss of body weight in uncomplicated obese population with immoderate eating by affecting the endocrines related to GM.
obesity, morbid; motilin; leptin
R589.25
A
0577-7402(2015)09-0738-04
10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2015.09.10
2015-02-27;
2015-06-30)
(責(zé)任編輯:熊曉然)
河北科技廳科學(xué)研究與發(fā)展計(jì)劃(072761136);河北省衛(wèi)生廳科研基金項(xiàng)目(07269)
高立明,醫(yī)學(xué)博士,主任醫(yī)師。主要從事胃腸動(dòng)力、胃腸腫瘤方面的研究
066000 河北秦皇島 秦皇島市第一醫(yī)院腫瘤科(高立明、賀玉卿、徐紅梅、鄭磊、韓俊嶺、高慶壯);100029 北京中日友好醫(yī)院消化科(姚樹坤);301700 天津 天津武清區(qū)人民醫(yī)院消化科(康麗影)
姚樹坤,E-mail:yao.sk@hbmu.edu