段藍(lán)宇

Nobel Literature Prize

諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has， in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel， produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”. The Swedish Academy（瑞典文學(xué)院） decides who， if anyone， will receive the prize in any given year.

根據(jù)創(chuàng)立者的遺囑，諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)授予最近一年來(lái)“在文學(xué)方面創(chuàng)作出具有理想傾向的最佳作品的人”。瑞典文學(xué)院決定將該獎(jiǎng)授予誰(shuí)。

Nobel Peace Prize

諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)

According to Nobel’s will， the Peace Prize should be awarded to the person who “... shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity（友愛(ài)） between nations， for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses”.

諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)是獎(jiǎng)給為促進(jìn)民族團(tuán)結(jié)友好、取消或裁減常備軍隊(duì)以及為和平會(huì)議的組織和宣傳盡到最大努力或做出最大貢獻(xiàn)的人。

Nobel Physics Prize

諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

This award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and widely regarded as the most prestigious（杰出的、重大的） award that a scientist can receive in physics.

諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是獎(jiǎng)給在物理界有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)或發(fā)明的人，它由瑞典皇家科學(xué)院頒發(fā)。

Nobel Chemistry Prize

諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

This award is regarded as the mest prestigiows arward that a scientist can receive in chemistry. The award is presented in Stockholm（斯德哥爾摩） at an annual ceremony on December 10， the anniversary of Nobel’s death.

諾貝爾化學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是獎(jiǎng)給在化學(xué)上有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)或改進(jìn)的人。該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)在斯德哥爾摩每年的12月10日——諾貝爾的逝世紀(jì)念日頒發(fā)。

Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine

諾貝爾生理或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

This prize is awarded once a year for outstanding contributions in the medical field.

諾貝爾生理或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是獎(jiǎng)給在醫(yī)學(xué)和生理學(xué)界有最重大的發(fā)現(xiàn)的人。

Nobel Economics Prize

諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)

Sveriges Riks bank（瑞典銀行） celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1968 by donating a large sum of money to the Nobel Foundation. The following year， the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded for the first time.

諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)是由瑞典銀行在1968年為紀(jì)念諾貝爾而增設(shè)的。第二年，它第一次作為經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域里的諾貝爾紀(jì)念獎(jiǎng)被授予。