祝莉麗
瓊·G·羅賓遜(Joan G. Robinson, 1910~1988),英國小說家、兒童書籍插畫家。她為兒童和青少年寫了一系列小說,其中最著名的就是《回憶中的瑪妮》(When Marnie Was There)。《回憶中的瑪妮》于1967年出版,并入圍當(dāng)年的卡耐基文學(xué)獎。日本著名動畫導(dǎo)演宮崎駿將該書列入最值得推薦的50部兒童小說,2014年他的吉卜力工作室還將其改編為同名動畫電影。小說講述了深感被拋棄的痛苦的孤獨少女安娜(Anna)在幻想中得到愛,失去愛,最終又在現(xiàn)實生活中找回愛的過程。整部小說語言細膩,對人物心理活動和景色的描寫細致入微,令讀者有身臨其境的感覺。
節(jié)選部分選自小說第16章,講述的是安娜向“好友”瑪妮(Marnie)吐露心聲,告訴瑪妮自己為什么感到被拋棄。從中,我們可以了解到安娜敏感、孤僻、不愿意與人相處的深層原因。
精彩片段
They lay, side by side, sucking the ends of grasses, while the wind roared by over their heads, scarcely1) stirring their hair. In the sudden quiet, Anna murmured, "You are lucky. I wish I was you."
"Why?"
Anna wanted to say, because you're pretty and rich and nice, and you've got everything I haven't, but she was suddenly tongue-tied. It would have sounded so silly. She chewed the end of her grass gloomily and said nothing.
"Tell me now who wanted to get rid of you, and why," said Marnie. "Don't your parents love you?"
Anna shook her head. "I haven't any parents. I'm—well, sort of adopted. I live with Mr. and Mrs. Preston. They're called Uncle and Auntie, but they're not really."
"Oh, poor you! And are they cruel to you?" Marnie sounded almost as if she hoped they were.
"No, they're very kind to me," said Anna. "At least, she is. I don't see him very much; he's always busy, but I think he's kind too. He's quite nice."
"But what happened to your real parents?"
"My father went away—I don't know where—and my mother married someone else," Anna's voice was flat and monotonous2)—"and then they went away on a holiday—and I was staying with my granny—and they got killed in a car accident."
"Oh, poor you!" Marnie was suddenly sympathetic. "How dreadful for you! Did you go into mourning? Did you mind terribly?"
"No, I didn't mind at all. I don't even remember it. I told you, I was living with my granny, then she died," said Anna flatly.
"Oh, but why?"
Anna shrugged and pulled up another long grass, biting it between her teeth. "How should I know? She went away to some place because she said she wasn't very well, and she promised to come back soon, but she didn't. She died instead, at least that's what Miss Hannay said."
"Who's Miss Hannay?"
"A lady who comes to see me sometimes. At least, she comes to see Mrs. Preston and talk about me. It's her job, you see, to go and see children who're sort of adopted like I am. She has to see me, too, and she asks about school and things. She's quite nice, but I never know what to say to her. I did ask her once about Granny—because I sort of remembered her—and she said she'd died." She paused, then added defiantly3), "So what! Who cares?"
Marnie looked shocked. "But didn't you love her?"
Anna was silent for a moment, frowning at the ground. The she blurted4) out sullenly5), "No, I hate her. And I hate my mother. I hate them all."
Marnie looked at her with puzzled eyes. "But your mother couldn't help being killed," she said.
Anna looked surely. "She left me before she was killed," she said defensively, "to go away on a holiday."
"And your granny couldn't help dying," said Marnie, still being reasonable.
"She left me, too," Anna insisted. "She went away. And she promised to come back and she didn't." She gave a dry little sob, then said angrily, "I hate her for leaving me all alone, and not staying to look after me. It wasn't fair of her to leave me—I'll never forgive her. I hate her."
Marnie said, trying to comfort her, "In a way I think you're lucky to be sort of adopted. I've often thought, secretly, that I'm adopted—and in a way I wished I was. That would prove how terribly kind my mother and father are, to have adopted me when I was a poor little orphan baby with no-one to look after me."
It was Anna's turn to be surprised. "I should have thought anyone would rather have their own mother and father—if they knew them," she said, turning over another secret trouble in her mind. She looked at Marnie thoughtfully. "If I tell you a deep secret, will you promise never to tell?"
"Of course! We're telling secrets all the time, aren't we? I wouldn't dream of telling."
"Well, it's about Mr. and Mrs. Preston. I told you they're kind to me, and they are, but I thought they looked after me and everything because they—well, because I was like their own child, but I found out a little while ago—" she lowered her voice almost to a whisper, "they're paid to do it."
"Oh, no!" Marnie's eyes grew wide. "Are you sure? How do you know?"
"I found a letter. It was a printed letter and it was something about how the council was going to increase the allowance for me, and there was a cheque inside as well."
她們并排躺在草地上,嘴里都含著草根,海風(fēng)從她們的頭頂呼嘯而過,差點兒吹亂她們的頭發(fā)。在這突如其來的寂靜中,安娜喃喃地說:“你真幸運,我要是你就好了。”
“為什么這么說?”
安娜想說,因為你漂亮、富有,人又好,而且擁有我不曾擁有的一切,但是她卻突然語塞了。那些話聽起來會很傻。她憂郁地嚼著草根,什么都沒有說。
“現(xiàn)在和我說說,當(dāng)初是誰想拋棄你,為什么會這樣?”瑪妮問道?!半y道你的父母不愛你嗎?”
安娜搖了搖頭?!拔覜]有父母。我是,嗯,算是被收養(yǎng)的。我和普雷斯頓夫婦生活在一起。我叫他們叔叔和嬸嬸,但他們其實不是?!?/p>
“噢,可憐的安娜!那他們對你不好嗎?”瑪妮的語氣聽起來簡直就好像她希望他們對安娜不好似的。
“不,他們對我非常好,”安娜說,“至少,普雷斯頓太太對我很好。我不常見到普雷斯頓先生,他總是很忙,但是我覺得他也很和藹。他人挺好的。”
“那你的親生父母出了什么事?”
“我爸爸走了,我不知道他去了哪里。我媽媽改嫁了,”安娜的聲音平緩而單調(diào),“后來他們出去度假——那時我和外婆在一起——然后他們出了車禍,都死了?!?/p>
“啊,可憐的安娜!”瑪妮突然滿心同情,“這對你來說多可怕啊。你那時服喪了吧?是不是特別難過?”
“沒有,我當(dāng)時根本沒有放在心上。我甚至都不記得這件事。我跟你說過,我那時一直和外婆生活,后來她去世了?!卑材鹊卣f。
“啊,她又是怎么去世的?”
安娜聳了聳肩,又扯下一根長草,把它咬在齒間,“我怎么知道?她說她身體不太好,就去了某個地方,她答應(yīng)我很快回來,但她沒有,而是去世了,反正漢內(nèi)小姐是這樣告訴我的。”
“漢內(nèi)小姐是誰?”
“一位偶爾來看我的女士。至少她會來看普雷斯頓太太,聊聊我的情況。這是她的工作,你知道,就是去探望像我這樣算是被收養(yǎng)的孩子。她也不得不來看我,問我一些上學(xué)之類的事情。她人很好,但是我從來不知道要和她說些什么。有一次我的確向她問起了外婆的事情——因為我還有點關(guān)于外婆的記憶——她說外婆已經(jīng)去世了?!彼nD了一下,然后挑釁地補充道:“那又怎樣!誰在乎啊?”
瑪妮看起來十分震驚?!翱墒?,難道你不愛她嗎?”
安娜沉默了片刻,盯著地面,眉頭緊鎖,然后慍怒地脫口說道:“不,我恨她。我也恨我媽媽。我恨他們所有人?!?/p>
瑪妮疑惑地看著她?!暗撬烙谲嚨湶皇悄銒寢屇芸刂频陌??!彼f。
安娜看上去十分肯定,略帶防備地說:“她在死之前就離開我了,去度假了?!?/p>
“那你的外婆也不想死啊,她也沒辦法啊。”瑪妮仍舊十分在理地說道。
“她也離開了我,”安娜堅持說,“她走了。她答應(yīng)我會回來,但卻沒有做到。”她輕輕啜泣了一下,并沒有流眼淚,然后氣憤地說:“我恨她把我一個人丟下,恨她不留下來照顧我。她離開我是不公平的——我永遠都不會原諒她。我恨她。”
瑪妮試圖安慰她,說道:“從某種意義上來說,我覺得你這樣算是被收養(yǎng)是幸運的。我時常在私下里認為自己是被收養(yǎng)的——某種程度上我希望這是真的。那就能證明我的父母是多么善良,能在我還是個沒人照看的可憐嬰兒時就收養(yǎng)我。”
這回輪到安娜吃驚了。“我一直以為每個人都愿意和自己的親生父母在一起——如果他們知道父母是誰的話?!彼贿呎f著,一邊在腦海里想著另一個困擾著她的秘密。她若有所思地看著瑪妮?!叭绻腋嬖V你一個大秘密,你能保證絕不告訴別人嗎?”
“當(dāng)然啦!我們一直都相互傾訴秘密的,不是嗎?我做夢都不會講出去的?!?/p>
“好吧,這個秘密是關(guān)于普雷斯頓夫婦的。我告訴過你他們對我很好,確實如此,不過我覺得他們照顧我以及所有這一切都是因為他們——嗯,因為我像他們自己的孩子,但是我在不久前發(fā)現(xiàn)——”她壓低了聲音,幾近耳語,“他們這么做是有報酬的。”
“啊,不會吧!”瑪妮瞪大了雙眼,“你確定嗎?你怎么知道的?”
“我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一封信。信是打印的,里面寫著關(guān)于理事會將提高我的補助金的事情,而且還附了一張支票。”
1. scarcely [?ske?sli] adv. 幾乎不
2. monotonous [m??n?t?n?s] adj. 單調(diào)乏味的;毫無變化的
3. defiantly [d??fa??ntli] adv. 違抗地;蔑視地;挑釁地;不服地
4. blurt [bl??t] vi. 脫口說出;說漏嘴
5. sullenly [?s?l?nli] adv. 面有慍色地;悶悶不樂地;郁郁寡歡地
賞析
閱讀《回憶中的瑪妮》,如同走進一個靜謐的童話世界,這里有美麗的海濱小鎮(zhèn),有藍色的海洋、石頭堆砌的房屋、長滿藤蔓的濕地,有在樹林中露出一角屋檐的別墅、夜色下平靜的海面,以及屋里溫暖燈光下舉辦的宴會。然而在這樣一個童話般的世界里,卻始終有陰霾跟隨著小說的小主人公安娜,那是一種如藍色海洋般的憂郁,散發(fā)出孤獨而又夢幻的氣息。
故事在一場離別中拉開了序幕,普雷斯頓太太從學(xué)校老師和日常生活中覺察到了養(yǎng)女安娜的不快樂和孤獨:她沒有朋友,沒有約會,總是一個人,而她似乎也喜歡一個人待著。普雷斯頓太太為安娜請來了醫(yī)生,醫(yī)生建議安娜去一個風(fēng)景優(yōu)美的地方休養(yǎng)。于是普雷斯頓太太將安娜送到了居住在歐弗頓小鎮(zhèn)的佩格太太家,希望安娜在那里可以快樂起來。
在歐弗頓,安娜依然形單影只,但她找到了一個可以去玩耍的安靜之所——一座位于海濱濕地的別墅。在那里,安娜感到莫名的熟悉和平靜。隨后,安娜遇見了住在別墅中的女孩瑪妮。兩個同樣孤獨的女孩成了朋友,分享著彼此的喜怒哀樂。安娜終于有了朋友,感受到了愛。然而這樣的時光是短暫的,在遭遇了一次被困在風(fēng)車房的經(jīng)歷后,瑪妮消失了。瑪妮曾說她愛安娜,卻在那個夜晚“拋棄”了安娜。清晨醒來后的安娜得知,鎮(zhèn)上的人在野外發(fā)現(xiàn)了昏迷的她,便把她帶了回來。
瑪妮消失后,安娜內(nèi)心的孤獨和傷悲變得更深,她再次體驗到了被人拋下的感覺:父母早年離異,她從小就跟著外婆生活,可沒過多久,說愛她的外婆也離她而去;本以為有了一對愛自己的養(yǎng)父母,可她卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他們是因為錢才收養(yǎng)的她。節(jié)選部分中,安娜向瑪妮講述了自己“被拋棄”的痛苦。瑪妮離開后,安娜漸漸明白,原來瑪妮只不過是自己幻想中的人物,她從未真的存在過。然而,安娜仍舊被瑪妮的背叛深深地傷害了,于是決定封閉內(nèi)心,以免再受傷害。
作為一個“被拋棄”的孩子,安娜渴望愛卻不敢接近愛,她感激大人們對她的好,但卻不敢奢望那是出于愛。她想要跟別人交朋友,卻打心底認為自己這樣的另類永遠也無法融入他們。她越是小心翼翼,就越是遭來異樣的目光。安娜曾與鄰家女孩桑德拉發(fā)生矛盾,桑德拉說她“活該倒霉”,這話讓她感到深受侮辱,但在內(nèi)心深處,她也許就是這樣認定的——一個沒人要的小女孩還能奢求什么呢?于是她只能幻想一個同她一樣孤獨的女孩,然而最終這個女孩也拋棄了她,把她扔進了冰冷的現(xiàn)實中。
就在安娜備受煎熬的時候,別墅真正的主人林賽太太一家來度假了。幸運的是,林賽太太一家都很喜歡安娜,她家的五個孩子主動與安娜交朋友,讓安娜真正體會到了擁有朋友的快樂。一次,林賽家的小女兒西拉發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本日記,日記的主人是一個叫瑪妮的女孩,而日記寫于幾十年前。在安娜與眾人的不斷探尋下,真相慢慢浮現(xiàn):原來別墅以前的主人就是安娜的外婆瑪妮,安娜小時候跟外婆一起住在別墅。當(dāng)時安娜年紀雖小,卻模糊地記住了外婆曾經(jīng)給她講過的少女時代——那時尚年少的外婆雖然住著別墅,卻常年被父母丟給護工看管,還經(jīng)常被其中一個護工威脅恫嚇。外婆的童年十分孤獨,長大之后的日子也因戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)而過得十分悲慘。作為一個從小缺少愛的人,外婆試圖用愛溫暖幼小的安娜,然而自己終究無法逃脫死神的魔掌。安娜將外婆的少女時代和外婆對她的愛融合在一起,為自己創(chuàng)造了一個虛構(gòu)的朋友瑪妮,盡管瑪妮自己過得并不好,卻仍舊給了她真正的愛和溫暖。這時安娜才知道,原來外婆的愛就藏在她的心底,一直陪伴著她,從未離開。
與此同時,另一件事的真相也浮出水面:原來普雷斯頓太太收養(yǎng)安娜是因為愛而不是因為錢,安娜所看到的支票是政府給每一個收養(yǎng)孤兒家庭發(fā)放的補助,普雷斯頓太太只是不知該如何向安娜解釋。普雷斯頓太太不知如何表達的愛與安娜對普雷斯頓太太想愛而不敢愛的芥蒂碰撞到一起,致使敏感的安娜受傷。而當(dāng)安娜慢慢打開心扉感受世間的溫暖時,她才明白原來愛一直未曾遠離,而這樣的愛足以戰(zhàn)勝成長中的一切不安與孤獨。
作品中幾個成人對待孩子的方式值得稱道。普雷斯頓太太盡量與安娜保持書信聯(lián)系,告訴安娜自己愛她;佩格太太對安娜寬容而遷就,想用她的方式讓安娜融入其他人的世界;而林賽太太對孩童世界的溫柔呵護讓安娜擺脫了拘謹與一貫的敏感。對于安娜這樣“奇怪”的孩子,他們并沒有強行介入安娜的世界,也沒有用異樣的眼光看待她,更沒有肆意地批評和指責(zé),而是默默地守護著她內(nèi)心小小的敏感與脆弱,等待她克服心理的種種不適,從而漸漸成長起來。而普雷斯頓太太親自向安娜解釋支票的事情,也證明了她在與安娜溝通交流的路上邁出了重要的一步,正是這樣的嘗試幫助安娜驅(qū)散了心中的陰霾。對于安娜來說,其實愛就在身邊,只需推開心靈的窗扉,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)外面陽光燦爛,散發(fā)著溫暖與愛的光芒。
愿每一個孤獨的小孩都可以像安娜一樣勇于面對內(nèi)心的陰霾與脆弱,勇敢地打開心扉去發(fā)現(xiàn)身邊的愛和美好,在成長的過程中,陽光燦爛,春暖花開。