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烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷中間體的合成*

2015-05-03 01:45伍桂龍陳朗秋
關(guān)鍵詞:乙?;?/a>吡喃狀物

伍桂龍, 曠 娜, 陳朗秋, 陳 靜

(湘潭大學(xué) 化學(xué)學(xué)院,環(huán)境友好化學(xué)與應(yīng)用省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖南 湘潭 411105)

烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷中間體的合成*

伍桂龍, 曠 娜, 陳朗秋*, 陳 靜

(湘潭大學(xué) 化學(xué)學(xué)院,環(huán)境友好化學(xué)與應(yīng)用省部共建教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,湖南 湘潭 411105)

烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷是重要的表面活性劑和抗菌劑.以D-甘露糖為原料,經(jīng)乙?;?、選擇性脫C1位乙?;⑥D(zhuǎn)化成三氯乙酰亞胺酯、與受體偶聯(lián)和脫保護(hù)五步反應(yīng)立體專一性地合成了八種烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷中間體,目標(biāo)化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)經(jīng)氫譜和質(zhì)譜分析得到了確證,方法有效并且產(chǎn)率高.

烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷,D-甘露糖,合成

烷基糖苷又稱烷基多苷,作為工業(yè)化生產(chǎn)表面活性劑產(chǎn)品的一個(gè)典型例子而被人們廣泛認(rèn)知,它們的細(xì)胞毒性很低,并且?guī)缀鯚o溶血作用[1],在醫(yī)藥、食品、洗滌劑、農(nóng)藥和日化用品等領(lǐng)域展現(xiàn)出廣闊的應(yīng)用前景[1~4].烷基甘露糖苷是烷基糖苷中重要的一種,近年來有關(guān)報(bào)道表明,烷基甘露糖苷不僅是一類非離子型表面活性劑[5],同時(shí)亦是抗菌劑[5]和甘露糖轉(zhuǎn)移酶的底物[6],關(guān)于烷基甘露糖苷的研究也日益深入[7~9].

烷基甘露糖苷的合成一直以來都沒有得到很好的解決.如1995年Yoshi等人報(bào)道了使用生物酶催化法合成烷基甘露糖苷[10],然而酶系統(tǒng)的高成本和其復(fù)雜程度制約著這種方法的使用.2010年P(guān)olakova等人報(bào)道了用SnCl4合成烷基甘露糖苷的方法[6],但催化劑SnCl4存在強(qiáng)揮發(fā)性,對環(huán)境造成重金屬污染等問題.因此拓展烷基甘露糖苷高效、環(huán)保的合成方法仍然十分必要.

本文通過調(diào)研文獻(xiàn),參考其他糖苷的合成方法[11~18],探索了一種有效合成烷基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷中間體的方法,即采用五乙?;菫楣w,經(jīng)過兩步活化,然后再與烷基醇類受體偶聯(lián)合成產(chǎn)物.

1 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分

1.1 儀器與試劑

BRUKER-AVANCE-400型核磁共振儀(瑞士Bruker公司);Bruker autoflex Ⅲ TOF/TOF離子阱型電噴霧多級質(zhì)譜儀(美國Bruker Daltonics公司);X-4數(shù)字顯示顯微熔點(diǎn)測定儀(河南鞏義市英峪儀器廠);TLC分析使用青島海洋化工廠生產(chǎn)的涂層為0.20 ~ 0.25 mm的HF254型硅膠板,用UV或30 %(體積分?jǐn)?shù))的硫酸甲醇溶液顯色觀察,柱色譜分離使用青島海洋化工廠的100~200目硅膠.所用試劑均為市售分析純或化學(xué)純.

1.2 合成路線

如圖1所示,以D-甘露糖(1)為原料,經(jīng)全乙?;玫?,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙?;?D-甘露糖(2)、經(jīng)過一位脫保護(hù)得到2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?D-甘露糖(3)、化合物3經(jīng)過堿催化得到2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?D-吡喃甘露糖基三氯乙酰亞胺酯(4)、化合物4作為供體與受體醇偶聯(lián),立體選擇性地得到了8種烷基甘露糖苷(5~12).

1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法

1.3.1 2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?D-吡喃甘露糖基三氯乙酰亞胺酯(4)的合成 參考文獻(xiàn)[11~18]方法,往250 mL三頸圓底燒瓶中加入60 mL吡啶和100 mL乙酸酐,置于0 ℃冰水浴中冷卻攪拌30 min后,分批加入15.00 g (0.083 mol)D-甘露糖(1),保持瓶內(nèi)溫度低于20 ℃,繼續(xù)攪拌12 h,TLC監(jiān)測(P/E 3∶1)檢查反應(yīng)完全,用二氯甲烷稀釋,依次采用冰冷的飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,過濾,濾液濃縮至干,得到1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-D-甘露糖(2)黃色糖漿29.10 g,收率90 %.

往100 mL圓底燒瓶中加入15.00 g(38.5 mmol)合成的1,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-D-甘露糖2和40 mL四氫呋喃,置于0 ℃冰水浴中冷卻攪拌30 min后,加入5.00 mL(46 mmol)芐胺,待反應(yīng)1 h后,轉(zhuǎn)移至室溫下繼續(xù)反應(yīng)12 h,TLC監(jiān)測(P/E 1∶1)反應(yīng)完全.用二氯甲烷稀釋,依次采用冰冷的飽和碳酸氫鈉水溶液、飽和鹽水洗滌,無水硫酸鈉干燥,過濾,濾液濃縮后得到2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?D-甘露糖(3)棕色漿狀物10.68 g,收率79.8 %.

往100 mL圓底燒瓶中加入7.50 g(21.5 mmol)合成的黃色漿狀物3和20 mL CH2Cl2,攪拌溶解之后,依次加入3.20 mL (25.1 mmol) 1,8-二氮雜二環(huán)[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(DBU)和13 mL(129 mmol)三氯乙腈,置于0 ℃冰浴中冷卻攪拌3 h后,TLC監(jiān)測(P/E 2∶1)反應(yīng)完成,減壓抽濾,濾液濃縮,柱層析分離(P/E 3∶1),得到白色固體9.04 g,收率85.4 %,直接用于偶聯(lián)反應(yīng).

1.3.2 正丁基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(5)的合成 往100 mL圓底燒瓶中加入8.00 g(16.29 mmol)黃色漿狀物4、正丁醇4.50 mL(48.88 mmol)和50 mL CH2Cl2,攪拌溶解之后,在冰浴條件下,滴加2.10 mL(16.29 mmol)三氟化硼乙醚溶液,置于0 ℃冰浴中冷卻攪拌4 h后,TLC監(jiān)測(P/E 2∶1)反應(yīng)完全,減壓抽濾,濾液濃縮,柱層析分離(P/E 3∶1),得到油狀物4.34 g,收率66.0 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.2 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.9 Hz, H-4), 5.23 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.3 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (d, 1H, H-6b), 3.96~4.02 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.66~3.72(m, 1H, OCH2C3H7), 3.44~3.49 (m, 1H, OCH2C3H7), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.59~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2CH2CH3), 1.36~1.43 (m, 2H, O(CH2)2CH2CH3), 0.94 (t, 3H,J= 7.3 Hz, O(CH2)3CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C18H28O10:404.168 [M];實(shí)測427.189 [M+Na]+.

1.3.3 正己基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙酰基-α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(6)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物4.85 g,收率68.9 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (d, 1H, H-3), 5.28 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.5 Hz, H-4), 5.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.81 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (d, 1H,J6a,6b= 11.8 Hz, H-6a),4.11(d, 1H,J6a,6b= 12.1 Hz, H-6b), 3.96~4.02 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.66~3.72 (m, 1H, OCH2C5H11), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C5H11), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.11 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.05 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.00 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.56~1.60 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)3CH3), 1.26~1.39 (m, 6H, O(CH2)2(CH2)3CH3), 0.90 (t, 3H,J= 7.3 Hz, O(CH2)5CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C20H32O10:432.200 [M];實(shí)測 455.147 [M+Na]+.

1.3.4 正辛基苯基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(7)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物5.26 g,收率70.2 %.1H NMR (CDCl3)δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.3 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.9 Hz, H-4), 5.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.3 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (dd, 1H,J5,6b= 1.8 Hz, H-6b), 3.96~4.02 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70 (m, 1H, OCH2C7H15), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C7H15), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.57~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)5CH3), 1.23~1.36 (m, 10H, O(CH2)2(CH2)5CH3), 0.89 (t, 3H,J=6.4 Hz, O(CH2)7CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C22H36O10:460.231 [M];實(shí)測483.269[M+Na]+.

1.3.5 正癸基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(8)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物5.93 g,收率74.6 %.1H NMR (CDCl3)δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 2.7 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 10.0 Hz, H-4), 5.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.2 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (d, 1H, H-6b), 3.95~4.02 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70(m, 1H, OCH2C9H19), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C9H19), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.57~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)7CH3),1.23~1.36 (m, 14H, O(CH2)2(CH2)7CH3), 0.88 (t, 3H,J=6.1 Hz, O(CH2)9CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C24H40O10:488.262 [M];實(shí)測511.301 [M+Na]+.

1.3.6 十二烷基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(9)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物6.02 g,收率71.6 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.2 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.9 Hz, H-4), 5.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a=5.2 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (dd, 1H,J5,6b= 1.3 Hz, H-6b), 3.95~4.01 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70 (m, 1H, OCH2C11H23), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C11H23), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.11 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.05 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.00 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.60~1.65 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)9CH3), 1.23~1.36 (m, 18H, O(CH2)2(CH2)9CH3), 0.88 (t, 3H,J=6.4 Hz, O(CH2)11CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C26H44O10:516.293 [M];實(shí)測539.346[M+Na]+.

1.3.7 十四烷基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(10)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物5.94 g,收率67 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.3 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.9 Hz, H-4), 5.24 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.3 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (dd, 1H,J5,6b= 1.4 Hz, H-6b), 3.96~4.01 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70 (m, 1H, OCH2C13H27), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C13H27), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.60~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)11CH3), 1.23~1.36 (m, 22H, O(CH2)2(CH2)11CH3), 0.88 (t, 3H,J=6.6 Hz, O(CH2)13CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C28H48O10:544.325 [M];實(shí)測567.359 [M+Na]+.

1.3.8 十六烷基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(11)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物6.76 g,收率72.4 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.3 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 10.0 Hz, H-4), 5.23 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.3 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.2 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (dd, 1H,J5,6b= 2.0 Hz, H-6b), 3.96~4.01 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70 (m, 1H, OCH2C15H31), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C15H31),2.16(s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.60~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)13CH3), 1.23~1.36 (m, 26H, O(CH2)2(CH2)13CH3), 0.88 (t, 3H,J= 6.6 Hz, O(CH2)15CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C30H52O10:572.356 [M];實(shí)測595.377 [M+Na]+.

1.3.9 十八烷基-2,3,4,6-四-O-乙?;?α-D-吡喃甘露糖苷(12)的合成 同上方法合成得到油狀物7.5 g,收率76.9 %.1H NMR (CDCl3) δ: 5.35 (dd, 1H,J2,3= 3.2 Hz, H-3), 5.27 (t, 1H,J3,4=J4,5= 9.9 Hz, H-4), 5.23 (s, 1H, H-2), 4.80 (s, 1H, H-1), 4.28 (dd, 1H,J5,6a= 5.3 Hz,J6a,6b= 12.1 Hz, H-6a), 4.11 (dd, 1H,J5,6b= 1.3 Hz, H-6b), 3.96~4.01 (m, 1H, H-5), 3.64~3.70 (m, 1H, OCH2C17H35), 3.42~3.48 (m, 1H, OCH2C17H35), 2.16 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.10 (s, 3H, OAc), 2.04 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.99 (s, 3H, OAc), 1.60~1.64 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2(CH2)15CH3), 1.23~1.36 (m, 30H, O(CH2)2(CH2)15CH3), 0.88 (t, 3H,J=6.4 Hz, O(CH2)17CH3). MALDI-TOF MS(m/z):理論計(jì)算C32H56O10:600.387 [M];實(shí)測623.323 [M+Na]+.

2 結(jié)果與討論

D-甘露糖及相應(yīng)的糖苷端基質(zhì)子的偶合常數(shù)J1,2=3Jea=3Jee較小,甚至接近于0,有時(shí)表現(xiàn)為一個(gè)變寬的單峰,不能依據(jù)J1,2確定其構(gòu)型為1,2-順式還是1,2-反式構(gòu)型[16~18].但是,比對所合成的α-糖苷(5~12)1H NMR數(shù)據(jù)可知,α-糖苷結(jié)構(gòu)的H-1的化學(xué)位移值與文獻(xiàn)[6] H-1的化學(xué)位移值基本一致.此外,MS數(shù)據(jù)也得到佐證.

3 結(jié) 論

以D-甘露糖為原料,經(jīng)全乙?;玫?,2,3,4,6-五-O-乙酰基-D-甘露糖(2),經(jīng)過一位脫保護(hù)得到化合物3,化合物3經(jīng)過有機(jī)堿DBU催化得到化合物4,4作為活性高的供體與活性較低的受體醇偶聯(lián),立體選擇性地獲得了目標(biāo)化合物烷基糖苷中間體甘露糖苷5~12,方法有效,產(chǎn)率較高.

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責(zé)任編輯:朱美香

Syntheses of Alkylα-D-Mannopyranoside Intermediates

WUGui-long,KUANGNa,CHENLang-qiu*,CHENJing

(Key Laboratory of Envirmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education,College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105 China)

Alkylα-D-mannopyranosides are important non-ionic surfactant and antimicrobial. Alkylα-D-mannopyranosides were stereospecifically synthesized through five consecutive steps including acetylation, selective deacetylation at the C1 position, conversion to trichloroacetimidate and coupling with acceptors. The structure of the target compound was confirmed by the1H NMR and MS analysis, the method is effective and practical, and the yield is high.

alkylα-D-mannopyranoside;D-mannose; synthesis

2015-03-09

湖南省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(14JJ2067;10JJ6023)

陳朗秋(1964— ),男,湖南 瀏陽人,博士,教授.E-mail:chengood2003@263.net

O629.13

A

1000-5900(2015)02-0075-05

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