圖/高明
千折百回的豪情壯志
——臺(tái)兒莊酒俗
AMBITIONS AND ASPIRATIONS WITH HUNDREDS OF CURLS
圖/高明
○道昇酒坊始建于清代,2010年重建為運(yùn)河酒文化體驗(yàn)館。圖/臺(tái)兒莊古城提供
Daosheng Winery was first established in the Qing Dynasty. In 2010, it was rebuilt as the canal wine culture experience museum.
○米酒中散發(fā)著江南味道。The rice wine sends forth the taste of the south of the Yangtze River.
臺(tái)兒莊人喝酒,不是沒(méi)有講究。飲酒先敬天地,再敬河神,最后敬祖先,一派濃濃的鄒魯之風(fēng)。朋友相互敬酒,來(lái)者不拒。無(wú)論杯盞大小,碰杯時(shí)不能喝干,杯底留下五分之一,叫作“留水路”,供船只通行。宴席上的整雞整魚,吃過(guò)一面,再吃另一面,不能說(shuō)“翻過(guò)來(lái)”,而是說(shuō)“轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)舵”。因?yàn)檫\(yùn)河行船忌諱“翻”字。
○咱家米酒館里的江南氣息。The fl avor of the south of the Yangtze River in Zanjia rice wine tavern.
酒是一種精神飲料,它能激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力,放大情感,增強(qiáng)熱烈氣氛;酒也是保健藥物,能夠強(qiáng)身健體;酒還是一種祭品,在宗教活動(dòng)中,各民族都用酒祭祀神靈。因?yàn)榫频膶傩远嘣?,在?shí)用性之外還具有神圣性。釀酒、藏酒、飲酒的不同過(guò)程都有文化伴隨,與藝術(shù)互生,通向崇高。飲酒風(fēng)俗,成為消費(fèi)之上的文化現(xiàn)象。
源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)的大運(yùn)河,孕育了豐富多彩的酒風(fēng)酒俗。運(yùn)河古城臺(tái)兒莊,以她南北交界的區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì),使運(yùn)河酒俗呈現(xiàn)獨(dú)特的魅力。今天的臺(tái)兒莊人并不貪杯,可是一旦端起酒碗,頓時(shí)表現(xiàn)豪爽的一面。猜拳行令時(shí),煥發(fā)的是豪情;推杯換盞時(shí),注重的是情義;爭(zhēng)強(qiáng)好勝時(shí),表現(xiàn)的是坦蕩。在臺(tái)兒莊的酒宴上,你看不到斯文,但酒禮與酒德,仍然被強(qiáng)力推崇。
運(yùn)河酒風(fēng)俗,既是禮儀的傳播,也是繼承。臺(tái)兒莊是因運(yùn)河而興的城市,這里的船民和商人,都不是生于斯長(zhǎng)于斯的老戶人家,而是游在異鄉(xiāng)的移民。為了尋求照應(yīng),這些外鄉(xiāng)人結(jié)拜成生死兄弟。他們歃血為盟,對(duì)蒼天宣誓。在這肅穆的結(jié)拜儀式上,他們用大碗喝酒證實(shí)各自的真誠(chéng)。這些結(jié)拜弟兄,在出航時(shí)一半在家留守,照顧整個(gè)團(tuán)體的老小。離家之人想著如何穿越黃河的驚濤駭浪,還有長(zhǎng)江的兇險(xiǎn)暗流。當(dāng)留守的弟兄為遠(yuǎn)航者餞行,冒險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)航的人舉起酒碗,說(shuō)一聲:“兄弟,我的一家老小,就托付給你了。”他們隔著淚簾,酒碗相碰,一種托付生死的神圣情感油然而生。幾個(gè)月之后,遠(yuǎn)航者平安歸來(lái),掙回大把銀錢。接風(fēng)宴上的他們猜拳行令,大吼大叫,氣氛熱烈,不會(huì)有半點(diǎn)斯文。
○會(huì)須一飲三百杯。圖/臺(tái)兒莊古城提供Let’s cheer for three hundred bowls of liquor.
○米酒館里憶江南。Reminiscing about the south in rice wine tavern.
船民的豪飲之風(fēng),在臺(tái)兒莊發(fā)揚(yáng)光大,感染了所有居民。他們不飲則已,一飲驚人,一口氣喝下二斤白酒的大有人在。所以,臺(tái)兒莊人喝酒很少用酒杯,而是用黑瓷大碗。
臺(tái)兒莊人喝酒,不是沒(méi)有講究。飲酒先敬天地,再敬河神,最后敬祖先,一派濃濃的鄒魯之風(fēng)。朋友相互敬酒,來(lái)者不拒。無(wú)論杯盞大小,碰杯時(shí)不能喝干,杯底留下五分之一,叫作“留水路”,供船只通行。宴席上的整雞整魚,吃過(guò)一面,再吃另一面,不能說(shuō)“翻過(guò)來(lái)”,而是說(shuō)“轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)舵”。因?yàn)檫\(yùn)河行船忌諱“翻”字。
每年農(nóng)歷二月二,是臺(tái)兒莊祭祀河神的日子。這一天,家家船民在河邊排起八仙桌,擺上豐盛的供品和道昇酒坊的陳釀,舉行祭河儀式。主祭神情肅穆地宣讀祭文。鞭炮聲里,各家各戶把大碗美酒澆在河邊,祈求河神享用,保佑出航者太平。據(jù)說(shuō),祭河之日運(yùn)河邊的酒香,能傳到十里開外。
今天,盡管臺(tái)兒莊的飲酒風(fēng)俗與時(shí)俱進(jìn),但船民的豪飲習(xí)慣仍然流淌在每一個(gè)臺(tái)兒莊人的血脈中。
The custom of canal liquor is not only the spreading of rituals, but also the inheritance of them. Half of the boatmen and businessmen here stay at home while the other half go sailing on a voyage. The brothers who stay there will lift their liquor bowls to drink boisterously in a farewell dinner for the voyagers. Taierzhuang people are particular about drinking. In drinking, they venerate the heaven and the earth in the first place; then, they worship the river god; finally, they show respect to their ancestors.
Every year, on February 2nd in the lunar calendar, boatmen from each family prepare lines of eight-immortal tables along the riverside, demonstrate the abundant offerings and the mellow liquor from Daosheng Winery, and celebrate the ritual of river offering. In the hilarity of firecrackers, all the families pour large bowls of fine liquors at the riverside, wish that the river god enjoy the liquor and bless the voyagers in peace.