江思德,鄒耀兵,肖 靜,唐明山,潘成德
(重慶市巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院,重慶 401320)
瑞舒伐他汀治療急性腦梗死伴動脈硬化43例臨床評價*
江思德,鄒耀兵,肖 靜,唐明山,潘成德
(重慶市巴南區(qū)人民醫(yī)院,重慶 401320)
目的 探討瑞舒伐他汀治療急性腦梗死伴動脈硬化的臨床療效。方法 將86例急性腦梗死伴動脈硬化患者隨機分為治療組和對照組,各43例。兩組均給予抗血小板聚集藥物、控制血壓及控制血糖等基本治療;治療組在此基礎(chǔ)上加用瑞舒伐他鈣汀片,比較兩組治療前及治療后1,6個月神經(jīng)功能、血脂、頸動脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(IMT)。結(jié)果 與對照組比較,治療組患者治療1,6個月后神經(jīng)功能得到明顯改善(P<0.01),膽固醇、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇均明顯降低(P<0.01),高密度脂蛋白膽固醇明顯升高(P<0.01),IMT明顯減小(P<0.01)。結(jié)論 瑞舒伐他汀能明顯改善急性腦梗死伴動脈硬化患者的神經(jīng)功能、血脂及血管斑塊,不良反應(yīng)少,對改善腦梗死臨床治療及預(yù)后有重要意義。
瑞舒伐他??;腦梗死;神經(jīng)功能;血脂
腦梗死伴動脈硬化是指腦內(nèi)動脈血管在粥樣硬化過程中形成斑塊,斑塊進而引起血管管腔狹窄、閉塞,導(dǎo)致腦局部組織缺血或壞死[1-2]。炎癥在動脈粥樣硬化進展加重過程中起重要作用[3]。急性腦血管病中動脈硬化性腦梗死占50% ~60%,嚴重影響患者的生存質(zhì)量[4]。高脂血癥、高血黏度、高血壓、糖尿病等是誘發(fā)腦梗死的重要危險因素[5]。瑞舒伐他汀是新型 3-羥基3-甲基戊二酰輔A(HMGCoA)還原酶的競爭性抑制劑,具有更強調(diào)脂作用,還具有抗炎及改善血管內(nèi)皮功能的作用[6]。本研究中觀察了瑞舒伐他汀對動脈硬化性腦梗死患者神經(jīng)功能及血脂的影響,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1.1 一般資料
選取2015年1月至5月我院收治的腦梗死伴動脈硬化患者86例,均取得患者及其家屬的知情同意并獲得我院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。納入標準:均符合《中國急性缺血性腦卒中診治指南2010》中的腦梗死診斷標準;首次發(fā)病且發(fā)病在1周內(nèi),經(jīng)頸動脈彩超及CT證實有頸動脈粥樣硬化腦梗死臨床特征,未見腦畸形或腦出血;無他汀類藥物過敏史,無意識障礙且能配合治療。按前瞻隨機開放法將86例患者分為治療組和對照組,各43例。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較(n=43)
1.2 方法
兩組患者均給予抗血小板聚集藥物、清除氧自由基藥物及活血化瘀藥物。治療組在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上加用瑞舒伐他鈣汀片(浙江京新藥業(yè)有限公司,批號為B1501011,規(guī)格為每片10 mg),每日1次,每次10 mg,睡前口服。出院后兩組患者均口服腸溶阿司匹林(Bayer Health Care Manufacturing S.r.l.批號為 BJ24907,規(guī)格為每片100 mg)0.1 g,每晚1次,進行二級預(yù)防。治療組繼續(xù)口服瑞舒伐他鈣汀片,服用時間和劑量同前。
1.3 觀測指標
神經(jīng)功能:應(yīng)用美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)評價患者的神經(jīng)缺損程度評分,分值越低,表示神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)越好。血脂:治療前及治療后1,6個月取患者清晨空腹靜脈血,采用德國西門子Dimension RXLMAX_HM全自動生化儀測定總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)及低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)。頸動脈內(nèi)中膜厚度(IMT):由超聲科醫(yī)生采用高頻彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀(美國GE LOGIQ7)測量雙側(cè)IMT[7],IMT用頸總動脈分叉處的IMT表示。平均斑塊面積=長徑均數(shù)×(短徑均數(shù)±面積標準差)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件分析,采用 t檢驗和秩和檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
結(jié)果見表2。治療組出現(xiàn)皮疹、腹痛及輕度轉(zhuǎn)氨酶升高各1例,不良反應(yīng)較輕微,積極處理后得以緩解,未影響繼續(xù)治療。
表2 兩組患者各項臨床指標比較(±s,n=43)
表2 兩組患者各項臨床指標比較(±s,n=43)
注:與本組治療前比較,βP<0.05;與對照組治療后比較,#P<0.01。
指標TC(mmol/L)TG(mmol/L)LDL-C(mmol/L)HDL-C(mmol/L)IMT(mm)NIHSS評分(分)組別對照組治療組對照組治療組對照組治療組對照組治療組對照組治療組對照組治療組治療前5.74±0.69 5.66±0.75 3.78±0.48 3.85±0.46 3.30±0.39 3.27±0.42 1.10±0.13 1.05±0.12 2.49±0.62 2.54±0.65 18.2±1.98 18.5±2.05治療后1個月5.68±0.81 3.84±0.57β3.81±0.52 2.72±0.38β3.25±0.40 2.03±0.29β1.07±0.11 1.34±0.20β2.50±0.66 2.14±0.58β17.9±2.03 10.4±1.85β治療后6個月5.59±0.78 3.06±0.48β#3.69±0.50 1.55±0.30β#3.29±0.45 1.30±0.28β#1.09±0.12 1.40±0.21β#2.45±0.59 1.72±0.45β#17.8±2.07 6.4±1.12β#
腦梗死是由顱內(nèi)動脈粥樣硬化引起血流緩慢、血黏度增加及血液成分改變進而形成血栓,使動脈管腔狹窄、閉塞,引起的相應(yīng)癥狀。動脈粥樣硬化主要從血管內(nèi)皮細胞損傷開始,異常增多的LDL刺激內(nèi)皮細胞釋放促炎因子或平滑肌細胞異常增生與血管內(nèi)皮損傷直接相關(guān)。TC,TG,LDL-C的升高與HDL的降低均是導(dǎo)致顱內(nèi)動脈粥樣硬化進而發(fā)生腦梗死的重要危險因素[8]。血液中的TC,TG等脂質(zhì)成分增加,降低細胞膜黏彈性及紅細胞變形性,使全血黏度增加;LDL-C可抑制血管舒張物質(zhì)前列環(huán)素的生成,使血小板黏附在斑塊上,同時刺激纖維蛋白溶酶原抑制劑的合成,減慢纖維蛋白溶解,促進血栓形成[9]。
他汀類藥物可預(yù)防動脈粥樣硬化病變進展,降低腦卒中的危險及腦卒中的復(fù)發(fā)風險[10]。強化調(diào)脂預(yù)防卒中的相關(guān)研究顯示,LDL-C水平降低50%以上使致死性和非致死性卒中的發(fā)生率降低了35%[11];瑞舒伐他汀抑制羥甲基戊二酰輔酶A還原酶的效能強于其他他汀類藥物,瑞舒伐他汀5 mg/d與阿托伐他汀20 mg/d或辛伐他汀40 mg/d降低LDL-C的療效相似[12]。炎性反應(yīng)在動脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成過程中也起著重要作用,還有研究證實,他汀類調(diào)脂藥還能降低炎性反應(yīng)[7,13-14],從而降低動脈粥樣斑塊發(fā)生。IMT與缺血性疾病密切相關(guān),IMT增厚是頸動脈粥樣硬化的早期表現(xiàn)。瑞舒伐他汀不僅能抑制 TC生物合成,還具有保護內(nèi)皮細胞功能、抑制炎性細胞及減輕再灌注損傷的作用,能在一定程度上逆轉(zhuǎn)動脈粥樣硬化[15];還具有調(diào)整細胞黏附分子的表達,減輕再灌注損傷、降低血小板活性及促進腦缺血后血管再生的作用[16]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后 1,6個月,治療組TC,TG,LDL均明顯低于對照組(P<0.01),HDL明顯高于對照組(P<0.01);IMT明顯改善(P<0.01);NIHSS評分明顯低于同期對照組(P<0.01)。
綜上所述,瑞舒伐他汀能調(diào)節(jié)血脂水平,延緩頸動脈IMT增厚的進展,改善腦部缺血區(qū)微循環(huán)并增加血供,修復(fù)患者受損的神經(jīng)功能,從而促進腦梗死后神經(jīng)功能的恢復(fù),且安全、有效,值得臨床推廣。
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Rosuvastatin for Treating Acute Cerebral Infarction Complicated with Arteriosclerosis in 43 Cases
Jiang Side,Zou Yaobing,Xiao Jing,Tang Mingshan,Pan Chengde
(Chongqing Ba′nan District People′s Hospital,Chongqing,China 401320)
Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of rosuvastatin on the blood lipid and neurofunctional of patients with arteriosclerotic cerebral infarction.M ethods 86 cases of patients suffering from acute cerebral infarction were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group.The two groups were given basic treatment including anti-platelet aggregation,anti-hypertension,and blood glucose controlling drugs.On this basis,the treatment group was treated with 10 mg rosuvastatin combined with the conventional treatment.The NIHSS score,blood lipid,and carotid artery plaque(IMT)before and after treatment for 1,6 months were assessed.Results The nerve function in the treatment group was better after 1,6 months treatment(P<0.01);the levels of TC,TG and LDL of the treatment group decreased(P<0.01),the HDL increased(P<0.01),the IMT diminished(P<0.01).Conclusion Rosuvastatin can significantly improve the nerve function blood lipid and carotid artery plaque,decrease the adverse reactions and improve the clinical efficacy of patients with cerebral infarction.
rosuvastatin;infarction;nerve function;lipids
R969.4;R972+.6
A
1006-4931(2015)23-0019-03
江思德,男,碩士研究生,主治醫(yī)生,主要從事腦血管疾病相關(guān)研究工作,(電話)023-66233689(電子信箱)jsdjsd363@sina.com;鄒耀兵(1966-),男,副主任醫(yī)師,主要從事腦血管疾病、頭痛等方面研究,本文通訊作者,(電話)023-66238869。
2015-07-28)
β重慶市醫(yī)療特色??平ㄔO(shè)項目經(jīng)費資助,項目編號:香煙渝衛(wèi)科教(2010)52號。