沈喜洲,王道楠,尹先清,段金庭,謝圣龍,祝進(jìn)成,張保沙
1.長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,湖北 荊州 434020;2.武漢工程大學(xué)化工與制藥學(xué)院,湖北 武漢 430074;3.中國(guó)石油天然氣股份有限公司大港分公司,天津 300280
渤海油田含油污泥處理效果的改進(jìn)
沈喜洲1,2,王道楠2,尹先清1,段金庭3,謝圣龍2,祝進(jìn)成2,張保沙2
1.長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)化學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院,湖北 荊州 434020;2.武漢工程大學(xué)化工與制藥學(xué)院,湖北 武漢 430074;3.中國(guó)石油天然氣股份有限公司大港分公司,天津 300280
以渤海油田含油污泥為研究對(duì)象,采用調(diào)質(zhì)機(jī)械處理技術(shù),開(kāi)發(fā)渤海2#分離劑.針對(duì)渤海1#分離劑處理油泥的不足,實(shí)驗(yàn)選用兩種脫水劑和兩種脫泥劑進(jìn)行優(yōu)化復(fù)配.考察復(fù)配分離劑中各單劑不同加入量對(duì)回收油的水含率、固含率,以及原油回收率的影響.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,最佳復(fù)配配方是:在60 g分離劑溶液中,脫水劑1#用量為6 g,脫泥劑1#用量為0.6 g,脫泥劑2#用量為6 g,脫水劑2#用量為0.5 g.在最優(yōu)條件下,回收油水含率為15.74%,回收油油含率為83.52%,回收油固含率為0.74%,原油回收率為95.05%.
含油污泥;原油回收;回收油固含率;原油回收率
石油勘探、開(kāi)采、生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸?shù)冗^(guò)程中會(huì)產(chǎn)生大量含油污泥(簡(jiǎn)稱油泥),油泥是高污染物.隨著全球環(huán)境日益惡化,人類(lèi)對(duì)自身的生存環(huán)境越來(lái)越重視,各國(guó)對(duì)環(huán)保的要求越來(lái)越高,如何回收油泥中的原油及其無(wú)害化處理是目前研究的熱點(diǎn).在全世界范圍內(nèi)含油污泥的處理方法有:焚燒[1]、溶劑萃?。?]、調(diào)質(zhì)-機(jī)械分離處理技術(shù)[3]、化學(xué)破乳[4]、地耕法[5]、生物泥漿反應(yīng)器法[6]、固化制磚[7-9]、回灌調(diào)剖技術(shù)[10]等.本實(shí)驗(yàn)室采用調(diào)質(zhì)-機(jī)械分離處理技術(shù)及化學(xué)破乳法對(duì)勝利油田、新疆油田、渤海油田等油田的油泥進(jìn)行研究.針對(duì)渤海油田油泥的性質(zhì),已開(kāi)發(fā)的渤海1#分離劑具有一定的效果,但回收原油中的含水率較高,回收率仍需提高.為此,需要探索開(kāi)發(fā)出更高效的渤海2#分離劑.
1.1 試劑與設(shè)備
DF-101S集熱式恒溫加熱磁力攪拌器,上海得力儀器廠生產(chǎn);電子天平,凱豐集團(tuán)有限公司生產(chǎn);HN101電熱鼓風(fēng)干燥箱,浙江力辰儀器科技有限公司生產(chǎn);水分測(cè)定器,上海振興玻璃儀器廠生產(chǎn);DL-1電子萬(wàn)用爐,北京市永光明醫(yī)療儀器廠生產(chǎn);50 mL兩口燒瓶,四川蜀玻集團(tuán)生產(chǎn).
1.2 油泥樣品
原料:含油污泥,采自渤海油田,油泥的含油率為42.54%,含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為34.38%,含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為23.08%.
分離劑:脫水劑1#、脫水劑2#、脫泥劑1#和脫泥劑2#.
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
取含油污泥質(zhì)量若干,按一定的劑油比來(lái)配分離劑水溶液,攪拌均勻待用.
將油泥與配好的分離劑水溶液混合,攪拌均勻后倒入250 mL兩口燒瓶中,再將燒瓶放入集熱式恒溫加熱磁力攪拌器內(nèi)進(jìn)行恒溫加熱,恒定的攪拌速度進(jìn)行攪拌.
攪拌一定時(shí)間后,將油、泥、水混合液倒入燒杯中進(jìn)行保溫沉降,待沉降完成后,取出上層油,進(jìn)行稱量分析.
1.4 分析方法
含水率:回流法,參照GB/T260—1977;
含油率:分光光度法,參照SY/T0530—1993;
其中m1為刮出浮油質(zhì)量,m為油泥本身所含的原油質(zhì)量.
2.1 分離劑復(fù)配實(shí)驗(yàn)
渤海1#分離劑對(duì)渤海油田含油污泥的分離具有一定的效果,原油回收質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)89.9%,但處理后油品中的水含質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為32.57%.其水含質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)過(guò)高,回收率有待提高,所以亟需開(kāi)發(fā)更高效的分離劑.通過(guò)大量的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)脫泥劑1#、脫泥劑2#、脫水劑1#和脫水劑2#對(duì)油泥具有較好的分離效果且具有降泥降水作用,本研究對(duì)脫泥劑和脫水劑各自的用量進(jìn)行復(fù)配優(yōu)化,并最終確定渤海2#分離劑.
2.1.1 脫水劑1#的用量實(shí)驗(yàn)控制脫泥劑1#0.6 g、脫泥劑2#6 g、脫水劑2#0.608 g不變,改變脫水劑1#的用量.取含油污泥30 g左右,按2∶1的劑油比配制成60 g分離劑水溶液,在反應(yīng)溫度為60℃、攪拌時(shí)間30 min、攪拌速度為1 000 r/min等工藝條件下開(kāi)展分離實(shí)驗(yàn),所得脫水劑1#的用量與回收油的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)及原油的回收率的關(guān)系如下圖1、圖2所示.
圖1 脫水劑1#的用量對(duì)回收油品的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響Fig.1 Effects of the dosage of the dehydrating agent 1#on the solid contents and water contents of recovered oil
圖2 脫水劑1#的用量對(duì)原油回收率的影響Fig.2 Effects of the dosage of the dehydrating agent 1#on recovery rate of treated sludge
從圖1、圖2中可知,隨著脫水劑1#用量的增加,油層中的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先減少后增加,在脫水劑1#6 g時(shí)取最小值,脫水劑1#的加入促進(jìn)了分離劑對(duì)油泥的脫水作用,但用量過(guò)大對(duì)油水分離起抑制作用;油層中的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)數(shù)據(jù)波動(dòng)較大,應(yīng)該為實(shí)驗(yàn)分析誤差所致;原油回收率在脫水劑1#6 g時(shí)取得最大值.綜合分離效果和經(jīng)濟(jì)兩方面,確定脫水劑1#用量為6 g.
2.1.2 脫泥劑1#的用量實(shí)驗(yàn)控制脫水劑1#6 g、脫泥劑2#6 g、脫水劑2#0.608 g不變,改變脫泥劑1#的用量.取含油污泥30 g左右,按2∶1的劑油比配制成60 g分離劑水溶液,在反應(yīng)溫度為60℃、攪拌時(shí)間30 min、攪拌速度為1 000 r/min等工藝條件下開(kāi)展分離實(shí)驗(yàn),所得脫泥劑1#的用量與回收油的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)及原油的回收率的關(guān)系如下圖3、圖4所示:
圖3 脫泥劑1#的用量對(duì)回收油品的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響Fig.3 Effects of the dosage of the desliming agent 1#on the solid contents and water contents of recovered oil
圖4 脫泥劑1#的用量對(duì)原油回收率的影響Fig.4Effects of the dosage of the desliming agent 1#on recovery rate of treated sludge
從圖3、圖4中可知,隨著脫泥劑1#用量的增加,回收油層中的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先減少后增加,并在脫泥劑1#0.6 g時(shí)取得最小值;回收油層中的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)均較低,這是由于脫泥劑1#能夠聚集在污泥顆粒表面,形成飽和定向單層,使其能夠完全潤(rùn)濕,降低其內(nèi)部固相和液相的界面結(jié)合力,從而固相聚沉下來(lái);原油回收率則先增大后減小,在脫泥劑1#用量為0.6 g時(shí)取得最大值.綜合考慮分離效果,脫泥劑1#的用量確定為0.6 g.
2.1.3 脫泥劑2#的用量實(shí)驗(yàn)控制脫水劑1#6 g、脫泥劑1#0.6 g、脫水劑2#0.608 g不變,改變脫泥劑2#的用量.取含油污泥30 g左右,按2∶1的劑油比配制成60g分離劑水溶液,在反應(yīng)溫度為60℃、攪拌時(shí)間30 min、攪拌速度為1 000 r/min等工藝條件下開(kāi)展分離實(shí)驗(yàn),所得脫泥劑2#的用量與回收油的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)及原油的回收率的關(guān)系如下圖5、圖6所示.
圖5 脫泥劑2#的用量對(duì)回收油品的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響Fig.5 Effects of the dosage of the desliming agent 2#on the solid contents and water contents of recovered oil
圖6 脫泥劑2#的用量對(duì)原油回收率的影響Fig.6 Effects of the dosage of the desliming agent 2#on recovery rate of treated sludge
從圖5、圖6中可知,隨著脫泥劑2#的用量的增加,回收油層中的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先減小后增大,并在脫泥劑2#6 g時(shí)取得最小值;回收油層中的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先減少后增大,在脫泥劑2#為6 g時(shí)較低,這是由于脫泥劑2#分子含有長(zhǎng)鏈,吸附在固體微粒表面,形成搭橋作用,把膠粒與膠粒之間連接起來(lái),從而變成較大的集團(tuán)而聚沉下來(lái);原油回收率在6 g時(shí)取得最大值.從分離效果的角度出發(fā),脫泥劑2#確定為6 g較合理.
2.1.4 脫水劑2#的用量實(shí)驗(yàn)控制脫水劑1#6 g、脫泥劑1#0.6 g、脫泥劑2#6 g不變,改變脫水劑2#的用量.取含油污泥30 g左右,按2∶1的劑油比配制成60 g分離劑水溶液后,在反應(yīng)溫度為60℃、攪拌時(shí)間30 min、攪拌速度為1 000 r/min等工藝條件下開(kāi)展分離實(shí)驗(yàn),所得脫水劑2#的用量與回收油含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)及原油的回收率的關(guān)系如下圖7、8所示.
圖7 脫水劑2#的用量對(duì)回收油品的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的影響Fig.7 Effects of the dosage of the dehydrating agent 2#on the solid contents and water contents of recovered oil
圖8 脫水劑2#的用量對(duì)原油回收率的影響Fig.8 Effects of the dosage of the dehydrating agent 2#on recovery rate of treated sludge
從圖7、圖8中可知,隨著脫水劑2#用量的增加,回收油層中的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先減小后增大,并在脫水劑2#為0.5 g時(shí)取得最小值.脫水劑2#加入后促進(jìn)了分離劑對(duì)油泥的脫水作用,但用量過(guò)大對(duì)油水分離起抑制作用.脫水劑2#分子對(duì)水具有較強(qiáng)的親和作用,其親水基與水分子作用,從而使膠體粒子脫水,失去水化外層后聚沉下來(lái).回收油層中的含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)先增加后減少再增大,在脫水劑2#0.5 g時(shí)取最小值;原油回收率在0.5 g時(shí)最大,故脫水劑2#確定為0.5 g.
從而,渤海2#復(fù)配分離劑最終確定為脫水劑1#6g、脫水劑2#0.5g、脫泥劑1#0.6g和脫泥劑2#6g,處理后回收油品的含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為15.74%、回收油含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為0.74%、原油回收率為95.05%.
2.2 分離效果對(duì)比
在攪拌時(shí)間30 min、溫度60℃、攪拌速度1 000 r/min等工藝條件下,分別采用渤海1#分離劑、渤海2#分離劑對(duì)渤海油田油泥進(jìn)行分離實(shí)驗(yàn),所得分離效果對(duì)比如下表1.
表1 分離效果對(duì)比Table 1 separateing efficiency in different separation agents
從表1可知,渤海2#復(fù)配分離劑較渤海1號(hào)分離劑能大大地降低含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù),同時(shí)降低含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)和提高原油回收率,具有更好地油泥分離.
a.結(jié)果表明:脫水劑1#的最佳用量為6 g、脫水劑2#的最佳用量為0.5 g、脫泥劑1#的最佳用量為0.6 g和脫泥劑2#的最佳用量為6 g.
b.渤海2#分離劑確定為:脫水劑1#6 g、脫水劑2#0.5 g、脫泥劑1#0.6 g和脫泥劑2#6 g.渤海2#分離劑對(duì)比渤海1號(hào)分離劑具有更好的分離效果,含固質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)由0.81%降到0.74%,含水質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)由32.57%降到15.74%(變化較大),回收率由89.9%提高到95.05%.
致謝
感謝渤海油田相關(guān)人員對(duì)本實(shí)驗(yàn)的大力支持,感謝對(duì)本論文完成給予過(guò)幫助的相關(guān)同仁!
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Recovery of sludge oil in Bohai oilfield
SHEN Xi-zhou1,2,WANG Dao-nan2,YIN Xian-qing1,DUAN Jin-ting3,XIE Sheng-long2,ZHU Jin-cheng2,ZHANG Bao-sha2
1.College of Chemistry and Environmendal Engineering,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434020,China;2.School of Chemical Engineering&Pharmacy,Wuhan Institute of Technology,Wuhan 430074,China;3 Dagang Oil Field Company,China National Petroleum Corporation,Tianjin 300280,China
The separating agent Bohai 2 was developed using the oily sludge from Bohai Oilfield by chemical conditioning-mechanical separation method.Aimed at the disadvantage of separating agent Bohai 1,the conditions were optimized.The effects of different concentrations of different single agents on the water content,solid content of the oil layer and the oil recovery rate were researched.The results show that the optimal efficiency of oily sludge treating achieves when the dehydrating agent 1#is 6 g,the desliming agent 1#is 0.6 g,the desliming agent 2#is 6 g and the dehydrating agent 2#is 0.5 g in 60 g aqueous solution.After treated by the compound separation agent,the water content of the oil is 15.74%,the oil content of the oil is 83.52%,the solid content of the oil is 0.74%and the oil recovery rate is 95.05%under the best conditions.
oil sludge;oil recovery;solid content;oil recovery rate
TE992.3
A
10.3969/j.issn.1674-2869.2015.06.001
1674-2869(2015)06-0001-04
本文編輯:張瑞
2015-5-13
沈喜洲(1961-),男,湖北黃梅人,教授級(jí)高級(jí)工程師,碩士.研究方向:石油化工.