楊春紅,孫菲,謝麗霞,尹淑艷

山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物保護學(xué)院,山東泰安271018

山楂葉螨種名訂正的建議

楊春紅,孫菲,謝麗霞,尹淑艷*

山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)植物保護學(xué)院,山東泰安271018

1997年，法國學(xué)者Navajas等基于COI和ITS2序列以及形態(tài)特征分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，山楂葉螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher與葉螨屬中的其他種差別較大，建議恢復(fù)1931年Oudemans建立的雙葉螨屬Amphitetranychus，將Tetranychus viennensis Zacher改為Amphitetranychus viennensis(Zacher)。此后，世界許多國家的研究者采用了這種新的分類系統(tǒng)。為了便于不同國家研究者之間的信息交流，有必要將這一信息傳達給中國的研究者，并建議中國的研究者也采用此分類系統(tǒng)。

山楂葉螨;葉螨屬;雙葉螨屬;種名訂正

山楂葉螨是我國北方落葉果樹的主要害螨，以各活動螨態(tài)群集于葉片背面吸食汁液，危害嚴重時常引起葉片提早脫落，甚至引起二次發(fā)芽、二次開花，不僅使當(dāng)年果品產(chǎn)量大幅度降低，而且嚴重削弱樹勢，對以后幾年的產(chǎn)量也有較大影響[1]。

自1920年Zacher為山楂葉螨定名（Tetranychus viennensis）以來，山楂葉螨的歸屬問題幾經(jīng)更改：1931年，Oudemans建立了一個新屬——雙葉螨屬Amphitetranychus，將山楂葉螨歸為該屬，1950年，Reck又將其歸為葉螨屬Tetranychus，1956年Ehara又采用了Oudemans的分類系統(tǒng)，1960年，Wainstein將Amphitetranychus設(shè)為葉螨屬的亞屬[2]。1997年，Navajas基于COI和ITS2序列分析了葉螨屬中一些種的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系，分析物種中包括山楂葉螨Tetranychus viennensis Zacher和與山楂葉螨形態(tài)相似的Tetranychus quercivorus Ehara&Gotoh。在基于COI和ITS2序列構(gòu)建的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹上，Tetranychus viennensis與Tetranychus quercivorus聚在一起，而獨立于葉螨屬其他種所在的分支之外。進一步的形態(tài)觀察發(fā)現(xiàn)，Tetranychus viennensis與Tetranychus quercivorus雌、雄螨的所有足的爪間突均缺少背中毛，氣門溝末端呈網(wǎng)狀，而葉螨屬其他種雌螨或雄螨足的爪間突背中毛可見，氣門溝末端彎曲。分子與形態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)趨同，作者建議恢復(fù)Oudemans建立的雙葉螨屬Amphitetranychus，山楂葉螨Tetranychus viennensis及Tetranychus quercivorus應(yīng)歸屬于Amphitetranychus[3]。

自1997年Navajas的文章發(fā)表以來，法國、日本、伊朗、土耳其、荷蘭等國家的學(xué)者紛紛采用他的分類系統(tǒng)，將山楂葉螨的學(xué)名改為Amphitetranychus viennensis(Zacher)[4-13]，但目前我們國家除了南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)洪曉月教授實驗室的研究人員[14,15]之外，大部分研究者還是沿用原來的學(xué)名。為了與國際接軌，便于不同國家研究者之間的信息交流，建議中國的研究者也將山楂葉螨的學(xué)名改為Amphitetranychus viennensis。

參考文獻

[1]李定旭,張曉寧,楊玉玲,等.高溫沖擊對山楂葉螨的影響[J].生態(tài)學(xué)報,2010,30(16):4437-4444

[2]Bolland HR,Guterrez J,Flechtmann CHW.World catalogue of the spider mite family(Acari:Tetranychidae)[M]. Leiden:Brill Academic Publishers,1998

[3]Navajas M,Gutierrez J,Gotoh T.Convergence of molecular and morphological data reveals phylogenetic information on Tetranychus species and allows the restoration of the genus Amphitetranychus(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,1997,87:283-288

[4]Furuichi H,Yano S,Takafuji A,et al.Prey preference of the predatory mite Neoseiulus womersleyi Schicha is determined by spider mite webs[J].Journal of Applied Entomology,2005,129(6):336-339

[5]Hosseini M,Hatami B,Saboori A,et al.Predation by Allothrombium pulvinum on the spider mites Tetranychus urticae and Amphitetranychus viennensis:predation rate,prey preference and functional response[J].Experimental&Applied Acarology,2005,37(3-4):173-181

[6]Kafil M,Allahyari H,Saboori A.Effect of host plants on developmental time and life table parameters of Amphitetranychus viennensis(Acari:Tetranychidae)[J].Experimental&Applied Acarology,2007,42(4):273-281

[7]Kasap I.Life history of hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis(Acarina:Tetranychidae)on various apple cultivars and at different temperatures[J].Experimental&Applied Acarology,2003,31(1-2):79-91

[8]Kishimoto H,Adachi I.Predation and oviposition by predatory Stethorus japonicus,Oligota kashmirica benefica,and Scolothrips takahashii in egg patches of various spider mite species[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 2008,128(2):294-302

[9]Navajas M,Gutierrez J,Lagnel J,et al.DNA sequences and cross-breeding experiments in the hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis reveal high genetic differentiation between Japanese and French populations[J]. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,1999,90(2):113-122

[10]Navajas M,Lagnel J,Gutierrez J,et al.Species-wide homogeneity of nuclear ribosomal ITS2 sequences in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae contrasts with extensive mitochondrial COI polymorphism[J].Heredity,1998,80(6):742-752

[11]Ros VID,Breeuwer JAJ.Spider mite(Acari:Tetranychidae)mitochondrial COI phylogeny reviewed:host plant relationships,phylogeography,reproductiveparasitesandbarcoding[J].Experimental&AppliedAcarology,2007,42:239-262

[12]Yanar D,Ecevit O.Species composition and seasonal-occurrence of spider mites and their predators in sprayed and unsprayed apple orchards in Tokat,Turkey[J].Phytoparasitica,2008,36(5):491-501

[13]Zahedi-Golpayegani A,Saboori A,Sabelis MW.Olfactory response of the predator Zetzellia mali to a prey patch occupied by a conspecific predator[J].Experimental&AppliedAcarology,2007,43(3):199-204

[14]Li GQ,Xue XF,Zhang KJ,et al.Identification and molecular phylogeny of agriculturally important spider mites(Acari: Tetranychidae)based on mitochondrial and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences,with an emphasis on Tetranychus[J]. Zootaxa,2010,2647:1-15

[15]李國慶,于明志,洪曉月.基于核糖體28SrRNA對葉螨的鑒定及其系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析[J].南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報,2010,33(5):49-54

RecommendationfortheRevisionofHawthornSpiderMiteScientificName

YANG Chun-hong,SUN Fei,XIE Li-xia,YIN Shu-yan*
College of Plant Protection/Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China

In 1997,based on the analysis of COI and ITS2 sequences and morphological characteristics,Navajas et al.found that Tetranychus viennensis Zacher was different distinctively from other species in Tetranychus.They proposed that the genus Amphitetranychus created by Oudemans in 1931 should be restored and this genus should include Amphitetranychus viennensis.From then on,researchers in many countries adopted this new classification system.In order to facilitate the exchange of information among researchers of different countries,it is necessary to convey this information to the researchers in China.We recommend that Chinese researchers should adopt this classification system.

Hawthorn spider mite;Tetranychus;Amphitetranychus;revision of scientific name

Q969.91

A

1000-2324(2015)05-0783-2

2015-04-03

2015-04-20

山東省科技發(fā)展計劃項目(J14LE14);國家自然基金項目(31401957)

楊春紅(1989-),女,碩士研究生,從事昆蟲與螨類分子生物學(xué)研究.E-mail:1058190454@qq.com*通訊作者:Author for correspondence.E-mail:shuyany@163.com