范任華,向延根,楊勵(lì),劉艷科,陳平圣,尹柯,許憶新,封文軍,傅滿(mǎn)姣,吳佳玲,王雷,齊志強(qiáng),喻容,張婷
(1.長(zhǎng)沙市中心醫(yī)院,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410004; 2.東南大學(xué) 醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 南京 210009)
·論 著·
多耐藥肺結(jié)核患者特異性細(xì)胞免疫失衡與調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞CD4+CD25+CD127low有關(guān)
范任華1,向延根1,楊勵(lì)1,劉艷科1,陳平圣2,尹柯1,許憶新1,封文軍1,傅滿(mǎn)姣1,吳佳玲1,王雷1,齊志強(qiáng)1,喻容1,張婷1
(1.長(zhǎng)沙市中心醫(yī)院,湖南 長(zhǎng)沙 410004; 2.東南大學(xué) 醫(yī)學(xué)院,江蘇 南京 210009)
目的:探討調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞CD4+CD25+CD127low、CD4+及CD8+T細(xì)胞在多耐藥結(jié)核患者中的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。方法:采取30例健康體檢者(HD)、30例非耐藥初治肺結(jié)核(S-TB)患者及30例多耐藥結(jié)核病(MDR-TB)患者2ml肝素抗凝外周靜脈血,經(jīng)CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD127流式抗體標(biāo)記后Beckman流式細(xì)胞儀計(jì)數(shù)各組CD4+CD25+CD127low、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+百分比含量,計(jì)算CD4/CD8值。結(jié)果:MDR-TB組CD4+CD25+CD127low調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞百分比含量明顯高于HD組與S-TB組(P=0.000),MDR-TB組CD4+T細(xì)胞百分比含量明顯低于HD組與S-TB組(P<0.05),MDR-TB組CD8+T細(xì)胞百分比含量與HD組與S-TB組相比明顯上升(P<0.05),MDR-TB組CD4/CD8值明顯低于HD組與S-TB組(P<0.001);線(xiàn)性回歸分析發(fā)現(xiàn):HD組中CD4+CD25+CD127low調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞百分比含量與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞及CD4/CD8值均無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),非耐藥初治肺結(jié)核患者CD4+CD25+CD127low調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞百分比含量與CD3+、CD4+T細(xì)胞無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)、與CD8+T細(xì)胞存在正相關(guān)(r=0.419,P=0.011)、與CD4/CD8值存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.519,P=0.002),耐藥結(jié)核病患者CD4+CD25+CD127low調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞百分比含量與CD3+T細(xì)胞無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)、與CD4+存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.476,P=0.004)、與CD8+T細(xì)胞存在正相關(guān)(r=0.638,P=0.000)、與CD4/CD8值存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.776,P=0.000)。結(jié)論:隨著肺結(jié)核病程的發(fā)展,外周血中CD4+CD25+CD127low調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞逐漸上調(diào),特異性細(xì)胞免疫水平下調(diào),二者之間存在相關(guān)性,調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞可能通過(guò)抑制結(jié)核患者特異性細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答來(lái)影響肺結(jié)核病的進(jìn)程。
調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞CD4+CD25+CD127low; CD4+T細(xì)胞; CD8+T細(xì)胞; 多耐藥肺結(jié)核
調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(regulatory T cells,Treg)CD4+CD25+CD127low是一群在胸腺內(nèi)發(fā)育成熟的控制自身免疫反應(yīng)和免疫耐受的T淋巴細(xì)胞[1]。Treg在免疫調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮重要作用,成為近年來(lái)免疫學(xué)的研究熱點(diǎn)。Treg被認(rèn)為參與多種腫瘤的免疫平衡狀態(tài)調(diào)節(jié),一般認(rèn)為T(mén)reg抑制患者特異性免疫的產(chǎn)生[2]。此外,Treg還與多種慢性感染性疾病的發(fā)生有關(guān)[3]。肺結(jié)核外周血中CD4+CD25+T細(xì)胞數(shù)量顯著高于健康對(duì)照且與患者的細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài)相關(guān),CD4+CD25+Treg在肺結(jié)核發(fā)生中可能起重要作用[4]。同樣,CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞的特異性在肺結(jié)核病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用。然而,Treg、CD4+與CD8+T細(xì)胞在耐藥肺結(jié)核病發(fā)生中的作用以及它們之間的關(guān)系并未弄清楚。為了進(jìn)一步弄清楚Treg在肺結(jié)核患者中的特異性細(xì)胞免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用,我們對(duì)30例健康體檢人群(HD)、30例非耐藥初治肺結(jié)核(S-TB)患者以及30例多耐藥肺結(jié)核(MDR-TB)患者外周血中Treg、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞的免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用進(jìn)行體外分析。
1.1 研究對(duì)象
研究對(duì)象選擇2013年11月至2014年9月長(zhǎng)沙市中心醫(yī)院住院患者,MDR-TB組30例,其中男18例,女12例,平均年齡(47.2±14.2)歲;S-TB組30例,其中男20例,女10例,平均年齡(52.8±15.7)歲;HD 30例,其中男18例,女12例,平均年齡(46.7±14.3)歲。臨床診斷根據(jù)臨床癥狀、體征、X線(xiàn)胸片、CT掃描、痰菌檢查,均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)結(jié)核病分類(lèi)與診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],S-TB病人、MDR-TB病人根據(jù)藥敏結(jié)果確診后采集外周血,HD組來(lái)源于經(jīng)篩查身體各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)正常的體檢人群,空腹采血。
1.2 試劑和儀器
采用Beckman-Coulter Epics XL流式細(xì)胞儀,CD45-FITC/CD4-PE/CD8-ECD/CD3-PC5、CD4-FITC、CD25-PC5、CD127-PE、IgG1-FITC、IgG1-PC5、IgG1-PE、溶血?jiǎng)㎡ptiLyse C均購(gòu)自美國(guó)Beckman-Coulter公司。
1.3 方法
取2ml靜脈血,肝素抗凝,混勻,各取50μl全血于3支測(cè)定管,第l管加入IgG1-FITC、IgG1-PC5、IgG1-PE,第2管加入CD4-FITC、CD25-PC5、CD127-PE單克隆抗體量均為20μl,第3管加入CD45-FITC/CD4-PE/CD8-ECD/CD3-PC5組合抗體試劑20μl。標(biāo)記抗體和抗凝血混勻,在室溫、避光15min后每管400μl溶血?jiǎng)㎡ptiLyse C溶解紅細(xì)胞1h,用側(cè)向散射光(SS)和前向散射光(Fs)圈門(mén)選取淋巴細(xì)胞群,統(tǒng)一設(shè)定流式細(xì)胞術(shù)收集淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)量30000個(gè)為停止條件,以IgGl-FITC/IgGl-PE/IgGl-PC5為T(mén)reg同型對(duì)照。分別檢測(cè)CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞百分比含量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件SPSS19.0對(duì)檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示、各組間差異比較分別用One-Way ANOVA分析,性別、年齡差異比較分別采用χ2檢驗(yàn)、方差分析,CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+百分比含量以及CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)分析采用線(xiàn)性回歸分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 研究隊(duì)列入組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):所有入組研究對(duì)象均無(wú)心、肝、腎等臟器合并癥及其他感染,無(wú)糖尿病、自身免疫相關(guān)性或免疫性疾病,3個(gè)月內(nèi)未用過(guò)免疫抑制劑及激素等藥物。各組間性別、年齡比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=0.340,P=0.844>0.05;F=1.54,P=0.220>0.05)。
2.2 MDR-TB患者與HD及S-TB患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127low Treg水平比較
MDR-TB組外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg占CD4+T細(xì)胞總數(shù)的(10.63±3.85)%,高于 S-TB組的(7.17±2.94)%以及HD組的(3.03±1.07)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=11.50,P=0.000)。
2.3 MDR-TB患者與HD及S-TB患者外周血CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞水平,CD4/CD8值比較
與HD組相比,S-TB組外周血CD3+百分比數(shù)量上升、MDR-TB組CD3+百分比數(shù)量下降,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與HD組相比,S-TB組外周血CD4+百分比數(shù)量下降,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.629>0.05),MDR-TB組CD4+百分比數(shù)量明顯下降(P=0.022<0.05);與HD組相比,S-TB組外周血CD8+百分比含量上調(diào)(P=0.05),MDR-TB組CD8+百分比含量明顯上升,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.007<0.05);與HD組相比,S-TB組外周血CD4/CD8值下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.027<0.05),MDR-TB組CD4/CD8值明顯下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000)。見(jiàn)表1。
注:CD4+MDR-TB組與HD組比較,P<0.05; S-TB組與HD組比較,P>0.05; MDR-TB組與S-TB組比較,P<0.05。CD8+MDR-TB組與HD組比較,P<0.05; S-TB組與HD組比較,P=0.05; MDR-TB組與S-TB組比較,P>0.05。CD4/CD8值MDR-TB組與HD組比較,P=0.000; S-TB組與HD組比較,P<0.05; MDR-TB組與S-TB組比較,P>0.05
2.4 肺結(jié)核患者CD4+CD25+CD127low Treg與CD4+、CD8+細(xì)胞水平,CD4+/CD8+值之間的趨勢(shì)關(guān)系
通過(guò)對(duì)表1中的CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg與CD3+、CD4+以及CD4/CD8值進(jìn)行線(xiàn)性回歸分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)HD中CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg 百分比含量與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞及CD4/CD8值均無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05);S-TB患者CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量與CD3+、CD4+T細(xì)胞無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),與CD8+T細(xì)胞存在正相關(guān)(r=0.419,P=0.011),與CD4/CD8值存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.519,P=0.002);MDR-TB患者CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量與CD3+T細(xì)胞無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),與CD4+存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.476,P=0.004),與CD8+T細(xì)胞存在正相關(guān)(r=0.638,P=0.000),與CD4/CD8值存在負(fù)相關(guān)(r=-0.776,P=0.000)。見(jiàn)圖1~3。
a.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.024,P=0.450); B.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.09,P=0.317); C.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=0.019,P=0.459); D.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.225,P=0.061)
圖1 HD外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量及CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性
Fig 1 The correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood of HD
T細(xì)胞是機(jī)體最重要的免疫細(xì)胞,其主要功能是介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞免疫和調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)體的免疫功能,外周血中T細(xì)胞亞群是反映機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫狀態(tài)的指標(biāo)。本研究結(jié)果表明:與HD組相比,S-TB組CD3+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量略有上升可能是與S-TB患者初次感染結(jié)核菌引起CD3+T細(xì)胞細(xì)胞反應(yīng)性擴(kuò)增,而MDR-TB組患者外周血的CD3+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量略有下降則有可能是耐藥結(jié)核病患者帶菌生存時(shí)與體內(nèi)的CD3+T細(xì)胞凋亡消耗有關(guān);與HD組相比,S-TB、MDR-TB組患者外周血的CD4+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量下降(P<0.05),表明結(jié)核感染會(huì)引起體內(nèi)CD4+Th細(xì)胞下降;與HD組相比,S-TB、MDR-TB組患者外周血的CD8+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量上升,這有可能有兩種情況:一是肺結(jié)核患者體內(nèi)的細(xì)胞毒性CD8+T細(xì)胞反應(yīng)性擴(kuò)增以抵抗結(jié)核分枝桿菌的入侵,二是CD4+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量下降導(dǎo)致的CD8+T細(xì)胞百分比數(shù)量升高;與HD組相比,S-TB、MDR-TB組患者外周血CD4/CD8值顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。MDR-TB、S-TB患者外周血CD4+、CD4/CD8值顯著低于HD,提示肺結(jié)核CD4+Th細(xì)胞免疫功能受到抑制,細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答能力下降;與HD組相比,MDR-TB較S-TB患者CD4/CD8值下降更顯著,免疫失衡進(jìn)一步加重。
a.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=0.161,P=0.197); B.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.079,P=0.340); C.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=0.419,P=0.011); D.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.519,P=0.002)
圖2 S-TB外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量及CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性
Fig 2 The correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood of S-TB patients
Treg CD4+CD25+CD127low是機(jī)體里一種負(fù)性調(diào)控因子,與自身免疫病[6]、腫瘤[7-8]以及慢性感染[9]免疫抑制有關(guān)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外科切除治療空洞型MDR-TB后,Treg數(shù)量減少,表明Treg參與了MDR-TB疾病進(jìn)程[10]。通過(guò)檢測(cè)MDR-TB、S-TB與HD組外周血的CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg、CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞以及CD4/CD8值,發(fā)現(xiàn)MDR-TB組CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量明顯高于S-TB組與HD組,提示MDR-TB組患者機(jī)體受到的免疫抑制明顯強(qiáng)于S-TB組與HD組。健康人群的CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量與特異性細(xì)胞免疫CD3+、CD4+、CD8+以及CD4/CD8值不存在相關(guān)性。S-TB CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量與CD8+呈正相關(guān),與CD4/CD8值呈負(fù)相關(guān)。隨結(jié)核病程的進(jìn)展,MDR-TB組患者機(jī)體特異性細(xì)胞免疫逐漸失衡,CD4+百分比含量、CD4+/CD8+值明顯低于S-TB組與HD組,與CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量明顯呈負(fù)相關(guān),CD8+百分比含量隨肺結(jié)核病程進(jìn)展逐漸增高,與CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分比含量呈正相關(guān),提示肺結(jié)核患者的特異性的CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞免疫功能失衡,其免疫功能隨病情加重而下降,這可能與患者機(jī)體CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg上調(diào)有關(guān),Treg可能通過(guò)抑制性的細(xì)胞因子[11]、細(xì)胞接觸和誘導(dǎo)凋亡等方式發(fā)揮其免疫抑制的功能,進(jìn)而間接抑制CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞免疫[12]。
a.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=0.056,P=0.384); B.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.476,P=0.004); C.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量之間的相關(guān)性(r=0.638,P=0.000); D.CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性(r=-0.776,P=0.000)
圖3 MDR-TB患者外周血CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg百分含量與CD3+、CD4+、CD8+T細(xì)胞百分含量及CD4/CD8值之間的相關(guān)性
Fig 3 The correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+and CD4/CD8 ratio in the peripheral blood of MDR-TB patients
綜上所述,CD4+CD25+CD127lowTreg在MDR-TB發(fā)生發(fā)展發(fā)揮重要的負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)作用,深入研究其與特異性免疫之間的關(guān)系或許對(duì)增強(qiáng)機(jī)體免疫力,預(yù)防肺結(jié)核[13]和攻克MDR-TB是一個(gè)潛在的幫助。
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The correlation of the deregulated specific cellular immunity and CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells in the multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
FAN Ren-hua1,XIANG Yan-gen1,YANG Li1,LIU Yan-ke1,CHEN Ping-sheng2,YIN Ke1,XU Yi-xin1,F(xiàn)ENG Wen-jun1,F(xiàn)U Man-jiao1,WU Jia-ling1,WANG Lei1,QI Zhi-qiang1,YU Rong1,ZHANG Ting1
(1.ChangshaCentralHospital,Changsha410004,China; 2.SchoolofMedicine,SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing210009,China)
Objective: To study the role of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells, CD4+and CD8+T cells in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods: 30 cases of healthy donors(HD),30 cases of patients with susceptible primary tuberculosis(S-TB),30 cases of patients with multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB)were involved. 2ml of peripheral venous blood was injected into heparin anticoagulation tube, labeled with the monoclonal antibody of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25 and CD127. The percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells, CD3+, CD4+and CD8+T cells was counted by using Beckman flow cytometry(FCM), and the calculation of CD4/CD8 was conducted. Results: The percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowT cells in MDR-TB patients was significantly higher than that in the HD group and in the S-TB group(P=0.000), the percentage of CD4+T cells in MDR-TB group was significantly lower than that in the HD group and in the S-TB group(P<0.05), and the percentage of CD8+T cells in MDR-TB increased significantly compared with that in the HD group(P<0.05), the ratio of CD4/CD8 in MDR-TB group was significantly lower than that in the HD group and in the S-TB group(P<0.001). There was no correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+and CD4/CD8 in HD by using the method of linear regression analysis(P>0.05). In drug-susceptible TB patients, there was no correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+and CD4+(P>0.05), a positive correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD8+(r=0.419,P=0.011), and a negative correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and CD4/CD8 ratio(r=-0.519,P=0.002). In MDR-TB patients, there was no correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD3+(P>0.05), a positive correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD8+(r=0.638,P=0.000), and a negative correlation between the percentage of CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells and the percentage of CD4+(r=-0.476,P=0.004) and CD4/CD8 ratio(r=-0.776,P=0.000). Conclusion: With the development of pulmonary tuberculosis, CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells gradually increase in the peripheral blood of pulmonary tuberculosis patients, and specific cellular immunity levels decline, there is a correlation in them, CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulator T cells may inhibit specific cellular immune response in MDR-TB patients.
CD4+CD25+CD127lowregulatory T cells; CD4+T cells; CD8+T cells; multi-drug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis
2015-01-26
2015-03-21
科技重大專(zhuān)項(xiàng)課題資助項(xiàng)目(2013ZX10005004-004)
范任華(1979-),男,湖南隆回人,主管技師,醫(yī)學(xué)博士。E-mail:fanrenhua04@sina.com
向延根 E-mail:xiangyangen@126.com;楊勵(lì) E-mail:yanglicszxyy@163.com
范任華,向延根,楊勵(lì),等.多耐藥肺結(jié)核患者特異性細(xì)胞免疫失衡與調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞CD4+CD25+CD127low有關(guān)[J].東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):醫(yī)學(xué)版,2015,34(4):525-531.
R521
A
1671-6264(2015)04-0525-07
10.3969/j.issn.1671-6264.2015.04.007