彭 聰,徐 佳,伍春蓮
(西華師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,四川 南充 637009)
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鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca-109增殖及凋亡的影響
彭 聰,徐 佳,伍春蓮
(西華師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,四川 南充 637009)
近期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)從石蒜科植物體內(nèi)提取的生物堿,如石蒜堿、鹽酸石蒜堿等,具有廣泛的抗腫瘤活性功能.本實(shí)驗(yàn)通過MTT法測定經(jīng)不同梯度濃度鹽酸石蒜堿(LH)處理后,食管癌Eca-109細(xì)胞的存活率;通過AO/PI(吖啶橙/碘化丙啶)雙染色法觀測不同濃度鹽酸石蒜堿處理下,食管癌Eca-109細(xì)胞凋亡的形態(tài);通過流式細(xì)胞儀檢測Eca-109細(xì)胞的凋亡率.結(jié)果顯示,鹽酸石蒜堿以時(shí)間和劑量依賴性方式抑制食管癌Eca-109細(xì)胞增殖,晚期凋亡和死亡細(xì)胞隨鹽酸石蒜堿濃度的增大而增多.因此,鹽酸石蒜堿能抑制Eca-109細(xì)胞增殖并誘導(dǎo)其凋亡.
鹽酸石蒜堿;Eca-109細(xì)胞;細(xì)胞活性;細(xì)胞凋亡
食管癌是發(fā)生在食管上皮組織的惡性腫瘤,占所有惡性腫瘤的2%.全世界每年約有40萬人死于食管癌.我國是食管癌高發(fā)區(qū),男、女性發(fā)病率和死亡率均居全球第一.2008年,我國新增食管癌患者22.8萬,占全球新增病例的53.6%,因食管癌死亡人數(shù)21萬,占全球死亡人數(shù)51.7%[1].2010年,全球大約40.7萬人死于食管癌(占所有因癌癥死亡人數(shù)的5.4%)[2].當(dāng)前,治療早期食管癌的方案主要是食管切除術(shù),并結(jié)合化療和放療[3].通過這種方案,雖然病人的存活率有所提高,但是伴隨著極大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而且僅適用于早期食管癌,超過65%的患者都無法得到治療[4].
許多中草藥可以在癌癥的治療中起到良好的輔助性作用,既能增強(qiáng)化療的功效,又能降低化療過程中產(chǎn)生的副作用以及耐藥性.研究發(fā)現(xiàn),從這些中草藥中提取的某些成分可以抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖[5,6],并誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡[7,8].鹽酸石蒜堿是從石蒜科植物中提取的一種生物堿.2011年和2013年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鹽酸石蒜堿能抑制黑色素瘤細(xì)胞和卵巢癌細(xì)胞的增殖,以及抗腫瘤血管生成[9,10].本實(shí)驗(yàn)選取食管癌Eca-109細(xì)胞,經(jīng)不同濃度的鹽酸石蒜堿處理,檢測其對(duì)Eca-109細(xì)胞的活性、形態(tài)及凋亡的影響.
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)材料
1.1.1 細(xì)胞株:人食管癌細(xì)胞Eca-109購于中國科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究院生物化學(xué)與細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所.
1.1.2 試劑:RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基,胎牛血清,雙抗,磷酸緩沖生理鹽水PBS,胰蛋白酶,MTT(均購于Gibco公司);鹽酸石蒜堿(Lycorine hydrochloride,簡寫LH,購于上海源葉生物有限公司,純度≧98%);AO/PI(吖啶橙/碘化丙啶);PE-Annexin V凋亡檢測試劑盒(購于美國BD公司);DMSO(二甲基亞砜,購于上海生工生物工程有限公司).
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
Eca-109細(xì)胞株用含有10%的滅活胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,FBS)100μg/mL青霉素、100μg/mL鏈霉素、pH7.4的RPMI-1640完全培養(yǎng)液于37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行培養(yǎng).
1.2.2 鹽酸石蒜堿的配制
鹽酸石蒜堿用二甲基亞砜(DMSO)配成100mmol/L的母液,-80℃儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?使用前,用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)液配成不同濃度的工作液,DMSO的終濃度不超過0.1%.
1.2.3 MTT檢測細(xì)胞活性
取對(duì)數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞,制成細(xì)胞懸液,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為5×104個(gè)/mL,按每孔100μL接種于96孔板,放置于37℃、5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中過夜培養(yǎng).待細(xì)胞貼壁生長后,加入不同濃度(0,0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8μmol/L)的鹽酸石蒜堿.培養(yǎng)24和48h后,每孔加MTT(5mg/mL)10μL,放置于37℃、5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)4h,向每孔加200μL的DMSO,震蕩10min,用酶標(biāo)儀在492nm處測定OD值.按下式計(jì)算不同濃度的藥品對(duì)細(xì)胞的生長活性的影響,細(xì)胞活性=(給藥組平均OD值/對(duì)照組平均OD值)×100%.每組設(shè)8個(gè)平行孔.
1.2.4 AO/PI染色觀測腫瘤細(xì)胞形態(tài)
在6孔板每孔內(nèi)放置一塊經(jīng)消毒滅菌的玻片,接入Eca-109細(xì)胞(1×106/孔),放置于37℃、5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng).待玻片表面細(xì)胞數(shù)目增長至60%,取出6孔板,分別加入濃度為0μM,1.2μM,2.4μM,4.8μM的鹽酸石蒜堿,放置于37℃、5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)24h,取出6孔板,用PBS清洗玻片,避光滴加30μL AO/PI(吖啶橙/碘化丙啶),反扣在載玻片上,迅速置于熒光顯微鏡下觀察.
1.2.5 流式細(xì)胞儀測細(xì)胞凋亡
取對(duì)數(shù)生長期的細(xì)胞,制成細(xì)胞懸液,調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為5×105個(gè)/mL,接種細(xì)胞到6孔板內(nèi),放入37℃,5%的CO2培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)過夜,待其長至80%無血清培養(yǎng)18h使細(xì)胞同步化.取出6孔板,放在超凈工作臺(tái)上,吸盡培養(yǎng)液,依次加人預(yù)先配制好的濃度分別為0,1.2,2.4,4.8μmol/L的鹽酸石蒜堿溶液2mL于準(zhǔn)備處理的細(xì)胞中,培養(yǎng)24h后,收集細(xì)胞及其上清液,用凋亡試劑盒進(jìn)行處理,并進(jìn)行流式檢測.
2.1 鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)Eca-109細(xì)胞生長的影響
我們用梯度濃度(0,0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8μmol/L)的鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h和48h,然后通過MTT實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測細(xì)胞活性,結(jié)果顯示,鹽酸石蒜堿濃度越高,細(xì)胞活性越低.并且經(jīng)不同濃度的鹽酸石蒜堿處理48h后,細(xì)胞活性都明顯低于24h的處理結(jié)果,見圖1.由此可見,Eca-109細(xì)胞活性的抑制與所加入的鹽酸石蒜堿(LH)呈劑量與時(shí)間依賴性關(guān)系.
2.2 鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)Eca-109細(xì)胞形態(tài)的影響
經(jīng)不同濃度的鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h后,用AO/PI(吖啶橙/碘化丙啶)染色,在熒光顯微鏡下觀察,可以明顯看到細(xì)胞不同的凋亡狀態(tài),見圖2.經(jīng)1.25μM鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h后,觀察到大部分核染色質(zhì)呈綠色,局部有發(fā)橘紅色熒光,此時(shí)細(xì)胞處于早期凋亡.隨著鹽酸石蒜堿濃度增加,經(jīng)過相同的處理時(shí)間,Eca-109細(xì)胞凋亡程度加深.經(jīng)2.4μM鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h后,觀察到大部分核染色質(zhì)發(fā)橘紅色熒光,此時(shí)細(xì)胞處于中期凋亡.經(jīng)4.8μM鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h后,核染色質(zhì)基本全為紅色并呈固縮狀或圓珠狀,并擴(kuò)散至整個(gè)細(xì)胞,此時(shí)細(xì)胞已達(dá)到晚期凋亡.
2.3 鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)Eca-109細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
通過細(xì)胞凋亡試劑盒和流式細(xì)胞儀檢測不同濃度鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)Eca-109細(xì)胞凋亡的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),經(jīng)濃度為0,1.2,2.4,4.8μmol/L的鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h,得出的凋亡率,見圖3,Eca-109細(xì)胞的晚期凋亡細(xì)胞和死亡細(xì)胞隨LH濃度的增大而增多.由此可見,鹽酸石蒜堿能誘導(dǎo)Eca-109細(xì)胞凋亡.
近年來研究證實(shí)鹽酸石蒜堿(LH)能抑制多種癌細(xì)胞的生長,即鹽酸石蒜堿具有廣譜的抗腫瘤活性功能,并且毒性較低[10-12].此外,研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)鹽酸石蒜堿對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的影響遠(yuǎn)大于正常細(xì)胞[12-14].本實(shí)驗(yàn)我們選擇食管癌細(xì)胞Eca-109,通過梯度濃度(0,0.3,0.6,1.2,2.4,4.8μM)的鹽酸石蒜堿分別處理24h和48h.結(jié)果顯示鹽酸石蒜堿同樣能抑制Eca-109細(xì)胞的生長和增殖,且呈時(shí)間劑量依賴性關(guān)系.經(jīng)4.8μM鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞48h后,細(xì)胞存活數(shù)目降低至50%.而Cao等發(fā)現(xiàn)鹽酸石蒜堿抑制卵巢癌細(xì)胞Hey1B增殖過程中,鹽酸石蒜堿的半致死濃度為1.2μM[10].這說明卵巢癌細(xì)胞Hey1B對(duì)鹽酸石蒜堿更為敏感。此外,經(jīng)梯度濃度(0,1.2,2.4,4.8μM)的鹽酸石蒜堿處理Eca-109細(xì)胞24h,AO/PI熒光染色實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示Eca-109細(xì)胞的凋亡程度隨鹽酸石蒜堿濃度增大而加深。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)過5μM鹽酸石蒜堿處理后,大部分Eca-109細(xì)胞被染成紅色,說明細(xì)胞膜通透性幾乎完全喪失,細(xì)胞核碎片化嚴(yán)重,并且出現(xiàn)細(xì)胞膨脹,這可能與細(xì)胞壞死相關(guān)。流式細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,Eca-109細(xì)胞的凋亡率隨鹽酸石蒜堿濃度升高而增加.
我們的研究證實(shí)了鹽酸石蒜堿能抑制Eca-109細(xì)胞增殖并誘導(dǎo)其凋亡.接下來我們將對(duì)鹽酸石蒜堿抗腫瘤功效的機(jī)制進(jìn)行深入研究.我們依然選擇Eca-109細(xì)胞,從細(xì)胞周期的阻斷靶點(diǎn)[7,8]和細(xì)胞凋亡途徑中相關(guān)家族蛋白表達(dá)量[15,16]的改變兩方面開展研究實(shí)驗(yàn)。鹽酸石蒜堿抗腫瘤活性功能機(jī)制的探索已成為當(dāng)下研究熱點(diǎn).研究成果將為今后相關(guān)抗腫瘤藥物的開發(fā)提供重要理論依據(jù).
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Effects of Lycorine Hydrochloride on Eca-109 Cells via Inhiting Prolife-raion and Inducing Apoptosis
PENG Cong,XU Jia,WU Chun-lian
(College of Life Science,China West Normal University,Nanchong,637009,China)
Studies in recent years have shown lycorine or lycorine hydrochloride(LH),a kind of alkaloid extracted from Amaryllidaceae possesses extensive antitumor activities. In this study,we designed MTT assay to measure the survival rate of Eca-109 cells treated by lycorine hydrochloride(LH) in gradient concentration.By AO/PI(acridine orange/propidium iodide) double staining,we observed morphological apoptotic characteristics of Eca-109 cells treated by lycorine hydrochloride(LH).We carried out analysis of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry.The results showed that LH inhibited Eca-109 cells proliferation in a time and dose-dependent manner,and the amount of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells increased with the increasing concentration of LH.Thus LH can inhibit proliferation of Eca-109 cells and induce apoptosis.
lycorine hydrochloride(LH);Eca-109 cells;cell viability;cell apoptosis
1673-5072(2015)01-0007-05
2014-09-10
四川省教育廳重大培育項(xiàng)目(13CZ0029),三峽庫區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境與生物資源省部共建重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放課題基金項(xiàng)目(SKL-2011-05),中國博士后基金(2013M540391)
彭 聰(1988-),男,湖北省潛江人,西華師范大學(xué)碩士研究生,主要從事細(xì)胞學(xué)與天然抗腫瘤活性成分的研究.
伍春蓮(1976-),女,四川彭州人,西華師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院副教授,博士,主要從事細(xì)胞和分子生物學(xué)的研究和教學(xué).
R285
B