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異氟醚抑制Notch-1通路誘導(dǎo)小鼠神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞凋亡

2015-03-07 03:23侯冷晨林福清傅舒昆馮婭劉特
中國臨床醫(yī)學(xué) 2015年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:干細(xì)胞通路誘導(dǎo)

侯冷晨 林福清 傅舒昆 馮婭 劉特,3

(1.同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬第十人民醫(yī)院麻醉科,上海 200072;

2.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,上海 200080;

3.上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)上海市中醫(yī)老年醫(yī)學(xué)研究所,上?!?00031)

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異氟醚抑制Notch-1通路誘導(dǎo)小鼠神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞凋亡

侯冷晨1林福清1傅舒昆1馮婭2劉特1,3

(1.同濟(jì)大學(xué)附屬第十人民醫(yī)院麻醉科,上海200072;

2.上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬第一人民醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,上海200080;

3.上海中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)上海市中醫(yī)老年醫(yī)學(xué)研究所,上海200031)

摘要目的:探討異氟醚對(duì)小鼠神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的影響及其可能的機(jī)制。方法: 分離小鼠神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞并培養(yǎng),分為對(duì)照組、磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)組和異氟醚組。對(duì)照組無任何干預(yù),異氟醚組給予異氟醚,PBS組給予等量的PBS,培養(yǎng)24 h。采用CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖率;實(shí)時(shí)定量-聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)法檢測凋亡相關(guān)基因的mRNA水平;蛋白質(zhì)印跡法檢測凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá);Annexin V-FITC/PI法檢測細(xì)胞凋亡。結(jié)果:與對(duì)照組和PBS組比較,異氟醚組細(xì)胞增殖率明顯降低,同時(shí)Notch-1、CBF-1、Hes-1基因的mRNA及相應(yīng)蛋白表達(dá)水平也顯著下降。異氟醚組細(xì)胞凋亡數(shù)目與對(duì)照組、PBS組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論:異氟醚能夠誘導(dǎo)小鼠神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞的凋亡,此作用與Notch-1信號(hào)通路的抑制密切相關(guān)。

關(guān)鍵詞異氟醚;神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞;Notch-1通路;細(xì)胞凋亡

基本項(xiàng)目:國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):81202811);中國博士后科研基金資助項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2014M550250)

神經(jīng)干細(xì)胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)最初是在1992年從人室管膜下層細(xì)胞中分離出來并被人們所認(rèn)識(shí)的[1]。NSCs不僅可以用來研究神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育的分子機(jī)制,也可作為一種替代手段治療神經(jīng)變性性疾病、缺血再灌注損傷等[2]。然而,腦NSCs移植中常出現(xiàn)麻醉藥誘導(dǎo)的NSCs損傷。組織培養(yǎng)研究[3]也證實(shí),長期吸入麻醉藥物會(huì)誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。因此,研究麻醉藥物對(duì)NSCs的影響具有重要的臨床意義。

研究[4]發(fā)現(xiàn),在嚙齒類動(dòng)物和非人類的靈長類動(dòng)物中,延長全身麻醉藥暴露能夠誘導(dǎo)廣泛的神經(jīng)元凋亡,導(dǎo)致時(shí)程記憶及學(xué)習(xí)能力下降。異氟醚因具有誘導(dǎo)麻醉迅速及麻醉蘇醒快的特點(diǎn),被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床手術(shù)中[5]。然而,有研究[6]發(fā)現(xiàn),異氟醚能夠影響人類NSCs分化及神經(jīng)形成;此外,異氟醚能夠誘導(dǎo)幼鼠神經(jīng)變性[7]。Notch-1信號(hào)通路與細(xì)胞增殖密切相關(guān),且能通過與轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子相互作用顯著影響細(xì)胞的最終結(jié)局[8-9]。本研究探討了異氟醚對(duì)小鼠NSCs的影響以及該作用與Notch-1信號(hào)通路的關(guān)系。

1資料與方法

1.1材料小鼠NSCs(中國科學(xué)院干細(xì)胞庫),異氟醚、胎牛血清、NSCs培養(yǎng)基、胰酶、Annexin V-FITC/PI試劑盒、CCK-8試劑盒、實(shí)時(shí)定量-聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction,qRT-PCR)檢測試劑盒、蛋白質(zhì)印跡(Western blotting)檢測試劑盒、Trizol、氯仿、異丙醇、75%乙醇購自上海瑞鹿生物科技有限公司,抗Notch-1抗體、抗Hes-1抗體、抗CBF-1抗體購自美國Santa Cruz Technology公司。

1.2方法

1.2.1小鼠NSCs的分離與培養(yǎng)將懷孕小鼠通過頸椎脫臼處死后,無菌條件下取出腦組織并置于75%乙醇中浸泡2 min。顯微鏡下分離腦膜,用磷酸鹽緩沖液(phosphate-buffered saline,PBS)洗3次后剪碎,加入0.05%胰酶并消化15 min,用吸管反復(fù)吹打?yàn)閱渭?xì)胞懸液,然后加入2倍體積的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基(含10%胎牛血清)終止消化,用200目不銹鋼篩網(wǎng)過濾,收集的濾液以1000 r/min離心5 min,棄上清。以含N2(終質(zhì)量濃度為10 ng/mL)、堿性成纖維因子(終質(zhì)量濃度為20 ng/mL)的DMEM/F12重懸細(xì)胞,接種于培養(yǎng)瓶,置于37 ℃、體積分?jǐn)?shù)為5% CO2的培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。

1.2.2CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖率將NSCs接種于96孔板,按照異氟醚組、PBS組和對(duì)照組分組培養(yǎng)。對(duì)照組不給予任何干預(yù),異氟醚組和PBS組分別給予異氟醚(0、0.125、0.25、0.5 mmol/L)和等體積的PBS處理24 h。每孔加入10 μL CCK-8試劑,在細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中繼續(xù)孵育1 h。然后用酶標(biāo)儀檢測細(xì)胞在450 nm波長處的吸光度。吸光度值越大表明細(xì)胞的增殖能力越強(qiáng)。

1.2.3Annexin V-FITC/PI法檢測細(xì)胞凋亡將NSCs接種于24孔板,按照異氟醚組、PBS組和對(duì)照組分組培養(yǎng)。對(duì)照組不給予任何干預(yù),異氟醚組和PBS組分別給予異氟醚(0.25 mmol/L)和等體積的PBS處理24 h。吸除細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基,每孔加入195 μL Annexin V-FITC結(jié)合液,再加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC,輕輕混勻,室溫避光孵育10 min;棄培養(yǎng)基,每孔加入190 μL Annexin V-FITC結(jié)合液,再加入10 μL碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染色液,輕輕混勻,冰浴避光孵育1 min;隨即在熒光顯微鏡下觀察,Annexin V-FITC染色為綠色熒光,PI染色為紅色。

1.2.4qRT-PCR法檢測凋亡相關(guān)基因的mRNA水平將NSCs接種于6孔板,按照異氟醚組、PBS組和對(duì)照組分組培養(yǎng)。對(duì)照組不給予任何干預(yù),異氟醚組和PBS組分別給予異氟醚(0.25 mmol/L)和等體積的PBS處理24 h。收集細(xì)胞于1.5 mL離心管中,用Trizol抽提細(xì)胞RNA,然后按照反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。按照qRT-PCR試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行PCR。采用ΔΔCt法計(jì)算目的基因的表達(dá),其中ΔCt=目的基因Ct-18s rRNACt,ΔΔCt=實(shí)驗(yàn)組ΔCt-對(duì)照組ΔCt。

1.2.5Western blotting法檢測凋亡相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)將NSCs接種于6 cm培養(yǎng)皿,按照異氟醚組、PBS組和對(duì)照組分組培養(yǎng)。對(duì)照組不給予任何干預(yù),異氟醚組和PBS組分別給予異氟醚(0.25 mmol/L)或等體積的PBS處理24 h。收集細(xì)胞于1.5 mL離心管中。每管加入Western及IP細(xì)胞裂解液200 μL,冰浴裂解10 min。采用BCA法檢測蛋白濃度,并調(diào)整至一致。然后進(jìn)行十二烷基硫酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠(10%濃度)電泳,轉(zhuǎn)移至聚偏氟乙烯膜上,室溫封閉1 h,加入抗Notch-1抗體、抗CBF-1抗體、抗Hes-1抗體,濃度均為1∶1000,置于4 ℃冰箱過夜;第2天用0.05% TBST洗膜3次,每次5 min;加入相應(yīng)的二抗(濃度為1∶1000),37 ℃孵育45 min;0.05% TBST洗膜3次,每次5 min;加入ECL發(fā)光試劑,X線片曝光,顯影、定影,觀察結(jié)果。

2結(jié)果

2.1CCK-8法檢測細(xì)胞增殖率與對(duì)照組及PBS組比較,異氟醚組異氟醚濃度在0.25、0.50 mmol/L時(shí)細(xì)胞增殖率明顯降低(P<0.05)。見圖1。

2.2Annexin V-FITC/PI法檢測細(xì)胞凋亡情況熒光顯微鏡下可見,異氟醚組細(xì)胞體積變小,與周圍細(xì)胞脫離;異氟醚組FITC陽性(綠色,表示細(xì)胞凋亡)細(xì)胞數(shù)較PBS組及對(duì)照組明顯增多(P<0.05),PI陽性(紅色,表示細(xì)胞壞死)細(xì)胞數(shù)與PBS組及對(duì)照組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。見圖2。

圖1 不同濃度異氟醚對(duì)NSCs增殖的影響

2.3Notch-1信號(hào)通路在異氟醚誘導(dǎo)NSCs中的作用qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,異氟醚組Notch-1、CBF-1和Hes-1基因的mRNA水平較PBS組及對(duì)照組明顯下降(P<0.05),見圖3。Western blotting結(jié)果顯示,異氟醚組Notch-1、CBF-1及Hes-1蛋白的表達(dá)水平也明顯低于PBS組及對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見圖4。

A:異氟醚組;B:PBS組;C:對(duì)照組

圖3 qRT-PCR法檢測異氟醚處理小鼠NSCs后Notch-1

圖4 Western blotting法檢測異氟醚處理小鼠NSCs后Notch-1信號(hào)通路中Notch-1、CBF-1及

3討論

異氟醚是一種常用麻醉藥,已廣泛應(yīng)用于各種外科手術(shù),異氟醚預(yù)處理能夠有效提高圍手術(shù)期患者大腦的缺血耐受能力[10]。然而,其對(duì)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用還是神經(jīng)毒性作用,至今仍無定論。最近的一項(xiàng)研究[11]表明,在神經(jīng)前體細(xì)胞中,高濃度的異氟醚能夠誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞毒性作用,而在低濃度時(shí)則可以保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞。本研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),用0.25、0.50 mmol/L濃度的異氟醚處理24 h后能明顯抑制NSCs的增殖;Annexin V-FITC/PI結(jié)果則提示,異氟醚能夠誘導(dǎo)NSCs的凋亡,介導(dǎo)神經(jīng)毒性作用。

在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),Notch信號(hào)通路與細(xì)胞成熟、再生以及神經(jīng)前體細(xì)胞的成熟密切相關(guān),該通路在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)功能動(dòng)態(tài)變化的整個(gè)過程中具有重要作用[12]。激活后的Notch-1配體與受體相結(jié)合可以導(dǎo)致Notch-1蛋白胞內(nèi)域向細(xì)胞核的轉(zhuǎn)位,然后通過與CBF-1等蛋白組成復(fù)合物而激活下游靶基因如Hes-1和HEY等的轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而影響細(xì)胞的增殖[13]。有研究[14]報(bào)道,異氟醚能夠誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應(yīng)激并激活caspase,異氟醚介導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)毒性作用在阿爾茨海默病的發(fā)病中扮演重要的角色。此外,Olney等[15]研究則發(fā)現(xiàn)異氟醚等麻醉藥誘導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)毒性作用是通過增加線粒體通透性進(jìn)而引起細(xì)胞色素C釋放介導(dǎo)的。為了進(jìn)一步探討Notch-1信號(hào)通路在介導(dǎo)異氟醚引起的NSCs凋亡中的機(jī)制,本研究檢測了Notch-1信號(hào)通路中相關(guān)基因表達(dá)水平的變化,結(jié)果顯示,0.25 mmol/L異氟醚處理細(xì)胞24 h后,Notch-1、Hes-1及CBF-1基因的mRNA水平較對(duì)照組和PBS組明顯降低,說明異氟醚對(duì)Notch-1信號(hào)通路具有抑制作用。Western blotting結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),異氟醚對(duì)Notch-1、Hes-1及CBF-1蛋白的表達(dá)也具有抑制作用。以上證實(shí),異氟醚誘導(dǎo)小鼠NSCs凋亡的作用至少部分是由抑制Notch-1信號(hào)通路介導(dǎo)的。

綜上所述,本研究證實(shí)了異氟醚處理細(xì)胞24 h對(duì)小鼠NSCs有毒性作用,此作用與抑制Notch-1信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。然而,異氟醚抑制Notch-1信號(hào)通路的具體機(jī)制仍需更深入的研究。

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Isoflurane Induces the Apoptosis of Mouse Neural Stem Cells by Inhibiting Notch-1 Pathway

HOULengchen1LINFuqing1FUShukun1FENGYa2LIUTe1,3

1.DepartmentofAnesthesiology,TenthPeople'sHospital,TongjiUniversity,Shanghai200072,China;2.DepartmentofNeurology,FirstPeople'sHospital,ShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitySchoolofMedicine,Shanghai200080,China;3.ShanghaiGeriatricInstituteofChineseMedicine,ShanghaiUniversityofTraditionalChineseMedicine,Shanghai200031,China

AbstractObjective:To investigate the influence of isoflurane on neural stem cells and its possible mechanism. Methods:Mouse neural stem cells, isolated and cultured in vitro, were divided into the control group,the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group and the isoflurane group.The control group was not intervened.The isoflurane group exposed to isoflurane for 24 h, while the PBS group exposed to the same amount of PBS.Then CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation rate.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of apoptosis-related genes. Expression of apoptosis-related protein was measured with Western blotting. Annexin V-FITC/PI kit was used to assess cell apoptosis. Results: Compared with those in the control group and the PBS group,cell proliferation rate, as well as the mRNA and protein levels of Notch-1,CBF-1 and Hes-1, in the isoflurane group, decreased significantly.There were more apoptotic cells in the isoflurane group than in the control group and the PBS group. Conclusions: Isoflurane can induce the apoptosis of mouse neural stem cells,and the process is closely related to the inhibition of Notch-1 pathway.

Key WordsIsoflurane;Neural stem cells;Notch-1 pathway;Apoptosis

通訊作者劉特,E-mail:liute1979@126.com

中圖分類號(hào)R614.1

文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼A

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