韓 姬,王 玲,劉偉仙,孫宏亮,蔡 維
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·專題研究·
康柏西普玻璃體腔注射對糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者視力的影響
韓 姬,王 玲,劉偉仙,孫宏亮,蔡 維
目的 探討康柏西普玻璃體腔注射治療糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變對于視力的影響。方法 選取2014年2—6月在海南醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院進(jìn)行診治的糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者72例(72眼),根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為治療組和對照組,各36例。患者均給予玻璃體腔一次性注射藥物治療,對照組注射曲安奈德0.1 ml,治療組注射康柏西普0.1 ml。在治療前及治療后1、3個月采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視力表對患者進(jìn)行最佳矯正視力(BCVA)檢查;在治療前及治療后1個月進(jìn)行光相干斷層掃描(OCT)檢測視網(wǎng)膜厚度;在治療前及治療后1個月進(jìn)行多焦視網(wǎng)膜電流圖(mfERG)檢查分析N1波(第1個負(fù)波)潛伏期的變化期間;記錄治療后1個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥,包括前房炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫、高眼壓等;在治療后3個月采用中文版低視力者生活質(zhì)量量表(CLVOOL)對患者進(jìn)行生活質(zhì)量的調(diào)查。結(jié)果 兩組不同時間BCVA比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);組間比較顯示:治療組治療后3個月BCVA高于對照組(P<0.05);組內(nèi)比較顯示:兩組在治療后1、3個月BCVA均高于治療前(P<0.05)。治療前,兩組視網(wǎng)膜厚度、N1波潛伏期比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組治療后1個月視網(wǎng)膜厚度低于對照組,N1波潛伏期短于對照組(P<0.05);治療組與對照組在治療后1個月視網(wǎng)膜厚度低于治療前,N1波潛伏期短于治療前(P<0.05)。在治療后1個月,治療組前房炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫、高眼壓并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均低于對照組(P<0.05)。治療后3個月,治療組自理能力、活動能力、社交與心理評分均高于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 康柏西普玻璃體腔注射治療糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變能有效改善視網(wǎng)膜功能,安全性更好,從而有利于視力的快速恢復(fù),提高生活質(zhì)量。
康柏西普;玻璃體內(nèi)注射;糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變;視力;曲安奈德
韓姬,王玲,劉偉仙,等.康柏西普玻璃體腔注射對糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者視力的影響[J].中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2015,18(5):502-506.[www.chinagp.net]
Han J,Wang L,Liu WX,et al.Effects of compaq sipp intravitreal injection on visual acuity of diabetic retinopathy[J].Chinese General Practice,2015,18(5):502-506.
隨著我國老年人口的增加,我國糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的發(fā)病率逐年升高,其中老年人群發(fā)病率約為8.0%[1]。糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變在臨床上主要表現(xiàn)為退行性視力損傷,包括視物模糊、視力下降等。持續(xù)發(fā)病則會引起視細(xì)胞凋亡、視網(wǎng)膜纖維化而導(dǎo)致永久性視力喪失[2]。在治療中,玻璃體手術(shù)的應(yīng)用比較多,其安全性高,對周圍組織的損傷較低。但是,有調(diào)查顯示,玻璃體手術(shù)治療后的視力恢復(fù)并不理想,大部分患者視力低于治療前,對患者的康復(fù)有嚴(yán)重的負(fù)面影響[3]。常規(guī)藥物治療主要包括抗凝與抗血小板聚集治療,但目前發(fā)現(xiàn)此種療法并不能減輕糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的癥狀及發(fā)生率,且很有可能加重視網(wǎng)膜出血[4]。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,玻璃體腔內(nèi)給藥克服了血-眼屏障,藥物長時間直接作用于病變處,眼內(nèi)局部高濃度,從而有利于預(yù)后療效的提高[5]。而曲安奈德是一種長效的糖皮質(zhì)激素衍生物,其可以穩(wěn)固血視網(wǎng)膜屏障,降低內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞通透性,從而發(fā)揮治療效果[6]。康柏西普是用生物工程技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的100%人源化重組融合蛋白,能特異性地結(jié)合抗血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(VEGF),從而達(dá)到治療新生血管相關(guān)眼底疾病的目的[7-8]。其具有多靶點(diǎn)、親和力強(qiáng)、作用時間長等特點(diǎn),患者藥物依賴性弱,費(fèi)用也相對便宜,但其對糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者視力影響與安全性報道較少。本研究旨在探討康柏西普玻璃體腔注射治療糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變對于視力的影響,以指導(dǎo)康柏西普的臨床應(yīng)用。
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)患眼最佳矯正視力(best correct visual acuity,BCVA)<0.1,無全盲;(2)單眼發(fā)?。?3)經(jīng)眼底熒光血管造影(FFA)確診為糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變;(4)年齡20~80歲;(5)存在相對性傳入性瞳孔障礙。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并青光眼者;(2)因眼部疾病接受過其他眼底手術(shù)治療者;(3)治療期間出現(xiàn)大面積的玻璃體積血、機(jī)化、增殖、牽拉性視網(wǎng)膜脫離,需手術(shù)治療者;(4)合并嚴(yán)重心肺疾病者;(5)妊娠期或哺乳期婦女、嚴(yán)重過敏體質(zhì)及腎臟疾病者。
1.3 治療方法 患者均給予玻璃體腔一次性注射藥物治療,對照組注射曲安奈德(昆明積大藥業(yè))0.1 ml,治療組注射康柏西普(康弘藥業(yè))0.1 ml,表面麻醉,常規(guī)眼部消毒,開瞼器開瞼,距角膜緣約4 mm平坦部進(jìn)針,用30號針頭向球心方向刺入眼內(nèi)深達(dá)4 mm,仔細(xì)確保針尖位于玻璃體腔內(nèi)。退針后立刻用棉棒壓迫針眼片刻,先囑患者平臥位1~2 h使藥物充分作用于后極部視網(wǎng)膜,后再囑其取半坐位,睡眠時取側(cè)臥位以避免藥物影響視力檢查。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) (1)視力檢查:在治療前及治療后1、3個月采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視力表進(jìn)行BCVA檢查;(2)光相干斷層掃描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)視網(wǎng)膜厚度檢測:在治療前及治療后1個月采用德國Heidelberg光學(xué)相干斷層掃描儀進(jìn)行視網(wǎng)膜厚度測量,掃描方式選擇通過中心凹的水平及垂直方向線性掃描,選擇清晰及典型圖像儲存于計算機(jī)內(nèi),利用OCT儀器自帶圖像分析系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行定量測量;(3)視網(wǎng)膜功能分析:在治療前及治療后1個月進(jìn)行多焦視網(wǎng)膜電流圖(mfERG)檢查分析視網(wǎng)膜功能,分析N1波(第1個負(fù)波)潛伏期的變化期間,潛伏期是以刺激開始至該波起始時間;(4)并發(fā)癥情況:觀察患者治療后1個月內(nèi)出現(xiàn)的并發(fā)癥情況,包括前房炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫、高眼壓等。(5)生活質(zhì)量調(diào)查:在治療后3個月采用中文版低視力者生活質(zhì)量量表(CLVOOL)對患者進(jìn)行調(diào)查,CLVOOL量表Cronbach′s α為0.97,包括自理能力、活動能力、社交與心理4個維度,每個維度評分為40~80分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高,生活質(zhì)量越高。
2.1 兩組BCVA比較 兩組不同時間BCVA比較,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);組間比較顯示:治療組治療后3個月BCVA高于對照組(P<0.05);組內(nèi)比較顯示:兩組在治療后1、3個月BCVA均高于治療前(P<0.05,見表1)。
表1 兩組不同時間BCVA比較
注:與對照組比較,*P<0.05;與同組治療前比較,△P<0.05
2.2 兩組視網(wǎng)膜厚度比較 治療前,兩組視網(wǎng)膜厚度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療組治療后1個月視網(wǎng)膜厚度低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組與對照組在治療后1個月視網(wǎng)膜厚度均低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
Table2Comparisonofretinalthicknessbetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
組別例數(shù)治療前治療后1個月t值P值對照組368049±13383330±68312903<005治療組368034±12941739±78119388<005t值00896342P值>005<005
2.3 兩組視網(wǎng)膜功能N1波潛伏期比較 兩組治療前N1波潛伏期比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后1個月治療組N1波潛伏期短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療組與對照組在治療后1個月N1波潛伏期均短于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表3)。
2.4 兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 在治療后1個月,治療組前房炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫、高眼壓并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。
Table3ComparisonofN1wavelatencybetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
組別例數(shù)治療前治療后1個月t值P值對照組361891±4091598±38911234<005治療組361893±4131478±40018384<005t值00786982P值>005<005
表4 兩組治療后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較〔n(%)〕
Table 4 Comparison of complications between the two groups after treatment
組別例數(shù)前房炎性反應(yīng)角膜水腫高眼壓對照組366(167)3(83)5(139)治療組362(56)0 1(28)χ2值427869827002P值<005<005<005
2.5 兩組生活質(zhì)量評分比較 治療后3個月,治療組自理能力、活動能力、社交與心理評分均高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表5)。
Table5Comparisonofqualityoflifescoresbetweenthetwogroupsaftertreatment
組別例數(shù)自理能力活動能力社交心理對照組36708±62543±53589±90352±70治療組36793±50704±48694±102534±66t值710315983835316091P值<005<005<005<005
糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變是全球三大致盲病種之一,該病發(fā)病比較緩慢,加之多數(shù)患者對此病缺乏正確認(rèn)知,易延誤最佳治療時機(jī),帶來不可逆的后果[8]。影響糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變患者視力預(yù)后的主要并發(fā)癥為黃斑水腫,也伴隨一定的毛細(xì)血管滲漏,并且多數(shù)患者視網(wǎng)膜病變后仍殘留黃斑水腫,明顯影響了視力預(yù)后?,F(xiàn)代研究顯示,多種致病因素造成視網(wǎng)膜局部環(huán)境的改變,導(dǎo)致異常新生血管形成,但是主要因素仍為VEGF升高[9]。
手術(shù)治療主要針對減輕視網(wǎng)膜靜脈回流障礙,減輕黃斑水腫,消除視網(wǎng)膜牽拉,預(yù)防或延緩新生血管性青光眼的發(fā)生等,但是眼部手術(shù)的操作難度較大,危險性較高,當(dāng)前應(yīng)用較少[10]。同時本研究入選患者就診時眼底病變已屬較嚴(yán)重的增殖期病變,玻璃體積血嚴(yán)重,最佳矯正視力較低,無法進(jìn)行激光光凝治療,為此也為玻璃體腔注射治療創(chuàng)造了條件。常見的藥物為注射曲安奈德,其可以通過抑制磷脂酶A2進(jìn)而抑制前列腺素生成;減少炎性因子對視網(wǎng)膜的損害;在短期內(nèi)能明顯提高視力和有效減輕黃斑水腫[11]。康柏西普是用生物工程技術(shù)生產(chǎn)的重組VEGF受體,能特異性地結(jié)合VEGF,通過抑制VEGF及其受體的信號傳遞過程達(dá)到抑制新生血管的目的,從而有效發(fā)揮治療效果。本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組治療后1個月與治療后3個月視力均明顯高于治療前,表明兩種藥物對于提高患者的近期視力均有較好的效果。
在糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變的臨床檢測中,mfERG與OCT由于較傳統(tǒng)視覺電生理有其獨(dú)到之處,當(dāng)前廣泛地被運(yùn)用到臨床和基礎(chǔ)研究領(lǐng)域[12],通過N1波潛伏期、視網(wǎng)膜厚度的檢測觀察,能夠?qū)σ暰W(wǎng)膜功能進(jìn)行評價和分析。基礎(chǔ)實(shí)驗研究表明,康柏西普眼用注射液包含了VEGFR-2(KDR)中的Ig樣區(qū)域4,能夠有效地改善三維結(jié)構(gòu)和增加二聚作用,也可能在配體介導(dǎo)的受體單體二聚作用及穩(wěn)定受體配體復(fù)合物方面發(fā)揮重要作用[13-14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療前兩組視網(wǎng)膜厚度與N1波潛伏期比較無差異,治療后視網(wǎng)膜厚度與N1波潛伏期均較治療前降低,且治療后治療組的視網(wǎng)膜厚度與N1波潛伏期明顯低于對照組。也證實(shí)了mfERG與OCT對視網(wǎng)膜功能的評估是準(zhǔn)確客觀的,具有極高的臨床應(yīng)用價值。
玻璃體腔注射治療眼部疾病的并發(fā)癥主要有眼壓升高、眼前段炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫等[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療組治療后的前房炎性反應(yīng)、角膜水腫、高眼壓并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組。前房炎性反應(yīng)與角膜水腫主要表現(xiàn)為角膜后沉著物,前房下方見色素團(tuán)塊,降低藥物劑量可使炎性反應(yīng)消失。眼壓升高可能與外傷導(dǎo)致房角關(guān)閉、藥物過量使用等因素有關(guān),也表明康柏西普的應(yīng)用具有更好的安全性。
最新的康柏西普Ⅲ期臨床試驗結(jié)果表明,在療效方面,康柏西普初始3個月給藥1次/月,絕大部分視網(wǎng)膜病變患者的視力得到明顯提高[16-17]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療組治療后3個月的視力明顯高于對照組,也表明康柏西普的應(yīng)用藥效更加持久,主要在于其有更強(qiáng)的VEGF親和力和更好的藥動學(xué)特征[18]。視功能的恢復(fù)是一個相對緩慢的過程,同時患者面對急性起病過程及治療后恢復(fù)過程和生活情況,心理也存在很大壓力[19]。玻璃體腔注射康柏西普是一種直接將藥物與病變部位視網(wǎng)膜接觸的方法,藥物可直接到達(dá)眼后節(jié),使眼內(nèi)藥物濃度達(dá)到較高水平[20-22]。本研究在治療后3個月進(jìn)行調(diào)查,結(jié)果顯示,治療組自理能力、活動能力、社交與心理評分均明顯高于對照組,表明視力的更好恢復(fù)有利于生活質(zhì)量的提高。
總之,康柏西普玻璃體腔注射治療糖尿病視網(wǎng)膜病變能更加有效地改善視網(wǎng)膜功能,安全性更好,從而有利于視力的快速恢復(fù),提高生活質(zhì)量。
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(本文編輯:賈萌萌)
·世界全科醫(yī)學(xué)工作瞭望·
Effects of Compaq Sipp Intravitreal Injection on Visual Acuity of Diabetic Retinopathy
HANJi,WANGLing,LIUWei-xian,etal.
DepartmentofOphthalmology,theAffiliatedHospitalofHainanMedicalUniversity,Haikou570102,China
Objective To investigate the effects of Compaq Sipp intravitreal injection on the visual acuity of diabetic retinopathy.Methods 72 patients(72 eyes)with diabetic retinopathy treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from February to June,2014 were selected and equally divided into treatment group 36 cases and control group 36 cases be means of random number table.All patients were given a single injection in vitreous cavity:the control group were given Triamcinolone Acetonide in 0.1 ml,and the treatment group were given Compaq Sipp in 0.1 ml.This study checked all patients′ the best-corrected visual acuity by standard visual acuity chart before treatment,1 month and 3 months after treatment,examined the retinal thickness by optic coherence tomography(OCT)before treatment and 1 month after treatment,measured and analyzed the variance range of the implicit time of N1 wave(the first negative wave)by multifocal electroretinogram(mfERG)before treatment and 1 month after treatment,recorded the incidence of complications appeared within the firth month after treatment including anterior chamber inflammation,cornea edema and ocular hypertension and investigated the patients about their life quality by CLVOOL 3 months after treatment.Results The BCVA at different time was significantly different between the two group(P<0.05);inter-group comparison showed that the BCVA in treatment group was higher than that in control 3 months after treatment(P<0.05)and intra-group comparison showed that 1 month and 3 months after treatment,the BCVA of both groups were all higher than before(P<0.05).The retinal thickness and N1 latency before treatment between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05);1 month after treatment,the retinal thickness of the treatment group was lower and N1 latencies were shorter than those of control group(P<0.05)and in both groups the retinal thickness was lower and N1 latencies was shorter than those before treatment(P<0.05).The incidences of the complications of anterior chamber inflammation reaction,corneal edema,ocular hypertension of the treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).After 3 months′treatment,the living,mobility,social and psychological scores of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control(P<0.05).Conclusion Compaq Sipp intravitreal injection treating diabetic retinopathy can effectively improve retinal function and have better security,thus it contributes to the rapid recovery of the vision and the improvement of patients′ life quality.
Compaq sipp;Intravitreal injections;Diabetic retinopathy;Vision;Triamcinolone acetonide
湖北省教育廳課題(B20122417)——Avastin對缺氧視網(wǎng)膜Muller細(xì)胞水通道蛋白4表達(dá)的影響
570102 海南省??谑?,海南醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬醫(yī)院眼科(韓姬,王玲,劉偉仙,孫宏亮);湖北醫(yī)藥學(xué)院(蔡維)
R 587.26
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2015.05.005
2014-11-09;
2015-01-05)