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右美托咪定用于七氟醚誘導(dǎo)氣管插管時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及BIS的變化*
網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版時(shí)間:2015-03-19網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/52.5012.R.20150319.1014.024.html
咸淑悅, 周妙苗, 馬敏, 王成夭**
(武漢大學(xué)中南醫(yī)院 麻醉科, 湖北 武漢430071)
[摘要]目的: 觀察右美托咪定對(duì)七氟醚誘導(dǎo)氣管插管時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及鎮(zhèn)靜深度的影響。方法: 擇期全麻下行耳鼻喉手術(shù)患者36例,ASA分級(jí)Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),隨機(jī)均分為對(duì)照組(A組)、高劑量芬太尼組(B組)、右美托咪定組(C組),A、B組誘導(dǎo)時(shí)分別給予芬太尼2 μg/kg和4 μg/kg,C組麻醉誘導(dǎo)前15 min內(nèi)靜脈泵注右美托咪定1.0 μg/kg,誘導(dǎo)時(shí)給予芬太尼2 μg/kg;3組均給予七氟醚“潮氣量法”誘導(dǎo),記錄3組患者給藥前(T0)、開始吸入七氟醚即刻 (T1)、氣管插管前即刻 (T2)、氣管插管后即刻 (T3)的收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、心率(HR)、腦電雙頻指數(shù)(BIS)并分析。結(jié)果: 3組患者T0時(shí)點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)BIS、SBP、DBP及HR比較;差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);T1與T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,C組SBP、HR及BIS值顯著低于A、B兩組,T2時(shí)點(diǎn)C組患者的SBP 顯著高于A、B兩組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);T3時(shí)點(diǎn)C組患者的SBP、DBP及HR顯著低于A組,BIS低于A、B兩組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論: 七氟醚誘導(dǎo)插管時(shí)右美托咪定在降低BIS的同時(shí)可維持穩(wěn)定的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]右美托咪定; 七氟醚; 腦電雙頻指數(shù); 血流動(dòng)力學(xué); 插管法,氣管內(nèi)
七氟醚用于麻醉誘導(dǎo)有較好的有效性和安全性。較低濃度的七氟醚對(duì)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的抑制作用小于其它靜脈麻醉藥物,但不能有效的抑制氣管插管對(duì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)產(chǎn)生的應(yīng)激反應(yīng);高濃度的七氟醚對(duì)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的抑制增加,易造成血流動(dòng)力學(xué)紊亂,因此常需聯(lián)合使用其它藥物使麻醉誘導(dǎo)插管過程更加平穩(wěn)。有研究報(bào)道麻醉前使用右美托咪定可維持麻醉誘導(dǎo)時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)平穩(wěn),并可減少麻醉藥物用量。本文用1.0 μg/kg負(fù)荷劑量右美托咪定聯(lián)合七氟醚進(jìn)行麻醉誘導(dǎo),探討美托咪定用于七氟醚誘導(dǎo)氣管插管時(shí)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)及雙頻指數(shù)(BIS)的變化,報(bào)道如下。
1資料與方法
擇期全麻下行耳鼻喉手術(shù)治療的患者36例,ASA評(píng)分Ⅰ~Ⅱ級(jí),年齡20~55歲,體重指數(shù)<28 kg/m2,所有患者術(shù)前無心血管、呼吸及內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病史,未使用心血管活性藥物,無精神病史及藥物過敏史,無電解質(zhì)紊亂、肝腎功能異常。在獲醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),病人知情同意情況下,隨機(jī)將手術(shù)患者均分為對(duì)照組(A組),高劑量芬太尼組(B組),右美托咪定組(C組)。3組患者性別比、年齡、體重、體重指數(shù)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
所有受試者術(shù)前45 min給予阿托品0.5 mg靜脈注射,入室連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)患者BIS、收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)、心率(HR)及脈搏氧飽和度(SpO2),監(jiān)測(cè)呼氣末二氧化碳濃度(PETCO2)及呼氣末七氟醚濃度(CETSev)。A、B兩組誘導(dǎo)時(shí)分別給予芬太尼2 μg/kg和4 μg/kg;C組患者于麻醉誘導(dǎo)前15 min內(nèi)靜脈泵注濃度4 μg/mL的右美托咪定1.0 μg/kg,誘導(dǎo)時(shí)給予芬太尼2 μg/kg。3組患者均給予七氟醚“潮氣量法”誘導(dǎo),吸入七氟醚濃度為8%,新鮮氧流量為6 L/min,半緊閉回路,緊閉面罩囑患者平靜呼吸,開始吸入七氟醚時(shí)立即給予芬太尼,30 s內(nèi)推注,待患者睫毛反射消失后將七氟醚濃度調(diào)至5%,同時(shí)給予羅庫溴銨0.6 mg/kg,行輔助控制通氣。吸入誘導(dǎo)3 min后行氣管插管(男性7.5號(hào)彈簧管,女性7.0號(hào)彈簧管)。1 min內(nèi)完成插管,之后行機(jī)械通氣IPPV模式,潮氣量8~10 mL/kg,呼吸頻率12次/min,吸呼比1∶2。
記錄給予右美托咪定前(T0)、開始吸入七氟醚即刻(T1)、氣管插管前即刻(T2)及氣管插管后即刻(T3)4個(gè)時(shí)點(diǎn)的BIS、SBP、DBP及HR。
2結(jié)果
三組患者T0時(shí)點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)BIS、SBP、DBP及HR比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。T1與T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,C組患者SBP、HR及BIS均低于A、B兩組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。T2時(shí)點(diǎn)與T1時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,A組與B組患者的SBP、DBP、HR、BIS均顯著降低,C組患者僅SBP與BIS顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。T3時(shí)點(diǎn)與T2時(shí)點(diǎn)比較A、B組患者SBP、DBP、HR、BIS均顯著升高(P<0.05),而C組患者則無顯著變化(P>0.05)。T1時(shí)點(diǎn)C組患者的HR、BIS顯著低于A、B兩組,T2時(shí)點(diǎn)C組患者的SBP顯著高于A、B兩組,T3時(shí)點(diǎn)C組患者的SBP、DBP、HR顯著低于A組, BIS值顯著低于A、B兩組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
3討論
全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)后行氣管插管可引起強(qiáng)烈的心血管反應(yīng),主要由于刺激了位于咽喉部和氣管內(nèi)的感受器,導(dǎo)致交感-腎上腺髓質(zhì)系統(tǒng)興奮性增強(qiáng)。研究顯示,喉鏡置入之后30~45 s時(shí)的心血管反應(yīng)最為強(qiáng)烈,大約持續(xù)3~5 min。而機(jī)
表1 三組手術(shù)患者各時(shí)點(diǎn)BIS、SBP、DBP及
(1)與組內(nèi)T1時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,P<0.05;(2)與組內(nèi)T2時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,P<0.05;與C組同一時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,(3)P<0.05
體血壓與心率的變化同血漿兒茶酚胺的水平是相一致的。右美托咪定是一種強(qiáng)效的、高選擇性的α2腎上腺素受體激動(dòng)劑,通過減少去甲腎上腺素在神經(jīng)效應(yīng)接頭的釋放,產(chǎn)生降低交感神經(jīng)張力的作用,使血壓輕度下降和心率中度下降。當(dāng)持續(xù)輸注右美托咪定時(shí),能達(dá)到期望的穩(wěn)定的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)反應(yīng)。本研究結(jié)果顯示給予負(fù)荷量右美托咪定后,患者血壓、心率顯著降低,與Kunisawa等的研究結(jié)果一致。C組患者麻醉誘導(dǎo)插管過程中血壓與心率波動(dòng)較小,表明麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予1 μg/kg負(fù)荷劑量右美托咪定能夠使七氟醚吸入麻醉誘導(dǎo)插管過程血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更加平穩(wěn)。
BIS可用于定量監(jiān)測(cè)大腦的鎮(zhèn)靜深度,BIS值與患者的鎮(zhèn)靜深度具有良好的一致性[10]。在七氟醚麻醉中BIS也可作為可靠的監(jiān)測(cè)鎮(zhèn)靜水平和麻醉深度的指標(biāo)[11]。本試驗(yàn)輸注右美托咪定后C組BIS值顯著降低(P<0.05)。而氣管插管后C組BIS值無明顯變化,A組和B組BIS值較插管前升高(P<0.05),且高于C組(P<0.05),表明右美托咪定可加強(qiáng)七氟醚麻醉的鎮(zhèn)靜效應(yīng)。
綜上所述,麻醉前給予1 μg/kg負(fù)荷劑量右美托咪定可降低BIS值同時(shí)可維持七氟醚誘導(dǎo)插管過程中穩(wěn)定的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)。
參考文獻(xiàn)4
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(2015-01-05收稿,2015-02-21修回)
中文編輯: 吳昌學(xué); 英文編輯: 劉華
Effect of Dexmedetomidine on the Hemodynamic and BIS during
Anesthetic Induction with Sevoflurane and Tracheal Intubation
XIAN Shuyue, ZHOU Miaomiao, MA Min, WANG Chengyao
(DepartmentofAnesthesiology,ZhongnanHospitalofWuhanUniversity,Wuhan430071,Hubei,China)
[Abstract]Objective: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine on the hemodynamic and BIS during anesthetic induction with sevoflurane and tracheal intubation. Methods: Thirty-six American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical status I and II patients, undergoing selective otorhinolaryngologic operation under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups. Group A received saline solution 15 minutes before anesthetic induction and fentanyl 2 μg/kg during induction; Group B received saline solution 15 minutes before anesthetic induction and fentanyl 4 μg/kg during induction; Group C received dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 1.0 μg/kg 15 minutes before anesthetic induction and fentanyl 2 μg/kg during induction. Patients of the three groups all received tidal breathing induction with sevoflurane. The hemodynamic parameters: systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), heart rate(HR) and BIS were recorded at four time points: the moment before the use of saline solution or dexmedetomidine (T0), the moment before sevoflurane induction(T1), the moment before intubation(T2) and the moment after intubation(T3).Results: Compared with T0, SBP and HR of Group C at T1were significantly lower than those of Group A and Group B (P<0.05); SBP of Group C was siginificantly higher than that of Group A and Group B at T2(P<0.05); At T3, SBP, DBP and HR of Group C were significantly lower than those of Group A (P<0.05) while BIS of Group C was lower than that of Group A and Group B (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine can reduce BIS value and make the hemodynamic stable during the induction with sevoflurane and tracheal intubation.
[Key words]dexmedetomidine; sevoflurane; bispectral index; hemodynamic; intubation,intra tracheal
[中圖分類號(hào)]R614.24
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[文章編號(hào)]1000-2707(2015)03-0294-03
通信作者**E-mail:my-307@163.com
[基金項(xiàng)目]*武漢大學(xué)自主科研青年教師項(xiàng)目(No:2042014kf0188)