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單元點撥與高考鏈接

2014-10-31 09:16:19吳濤
中學課程輔導高考版·學生版 2014年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:同位語真題介詞

Module 9Unit 1

一、詞匯

1. equip vt. (L.26, P.14) 裝配,配備,如:

The soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons. 士兵們配備著最新式的武器。

So he gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in medicine. 于是他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進行醫(yī)學研究。

【常用搭配】 be equipped with裝配,安裝;be equipped for準備好,對……有準備

【高考真題回放】 She the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷)

A. connectedB. fitted

C. equippedD. matched

【答案】 D考查動詞搭配。A connect... with“用……把……連接起來”;B 與fit經(jīng)常搭配的介詞是to“使……適合……,適應”;C equip... with... “用……裝備、使具備”;D match... with “使……相配”。句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗簾與地毯搭配起來。

2. occasion n. (P.9) ①[C]時刻,時節(jié);②[C]重要的慶?;顒?;③[U]場合,時機。如:

Ive met with him on several occasions. 我已見過他好幾次。

I bought a new dress just for the occasion. 就為這次活動,我買了一身新衣服。

The conference is an occasion for different countries to exchange views. 這次大會是不同國家交流看法的一個好時機。

【拓展】 on occasion有時,間或;occasional adj.偶爾的; occasionally adv.偶爾地

【高考真題回放】 (1) An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered a long lost antique Greek vase.(2013湖北)

A. at randomB. by chance

C. in turnD. on occasion

【答案】 B at random任意地,隨便地;by chance偶然地,意外地;in turn轉(zhuǎn)而,反過來,依次;on occasion有時,間或;此處是指一個藝術(shù)家偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個古希臘花瓶,所以選B。解題的關(guān)鍵在于正確理解和把握固定詞組的多個含義。

(2) As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only .(2008年 湖北卷)

A. occasionallyB. anxiously

C. practicallyD. urgently

【答案】 Aoccasionally偶爾地;anxiously焦急地;practically實際上地,幾乎;urgently緊急地。句意:由于他在偏遠的地區(qū)工作,所以他只是偶爾去看望自己的父母。

3. possible (L.11, P.2) adj.可能的;副詞:possibly反義詞:impossible

【點撥】 possible 表示(做某件事是)可能的,不能用某人或某物做主語。掌握這樣三個句型:①It is possible / probable / likely (for sb.) to do sth. ②sb. / sth. is likely to do sth.③It is possible / probable / likely that... 如:她可能解決那個問題。

[×] She is possible to solve the problem.

[√] It is possible for her to solve the problem.

[√] She is likely to solve the problem.

[√] It is likely that she solves the problem.

【高考真題回放】 Studies show that people are more to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010年 陜西卷)

A. likelyB. possible

C. probableD. sure

【答案】 A

二、短語或句型

4. For fans of this sport, though, it is an art form. (L.38, P.15) 但對于熱愛這項運動的人而言,它是一種藝術(shù)。

【點撥】 though此處用作副詞,前后都用逗號與主句隔開,意為“然而、但是”。如:

He said he would come to the party, he didnt, though. 他說他會來參加晚會的,然而沒來。

【拓展】 though還可以用作連詞引導讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”,注意在主句前不能再用but,但可以用副詞yet。如:

Although / Though he is young, (yet) he knows a lot. 盡管他年輕,然而他懂得很多東西。

【高考真題回放】 (1) Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.(2014年江蘇卷21)

A. thoughB. as

C. sinceD. unless

【答案】 A本題考查狀語從句的連詞辨析。though盡管;as隨著,因為;since自從,既然;unless除非,如果……不……。句意:盡管歷史不能改變,但是為了面對未來我們還是要從歷史中學會教訓。根據(jù)句意可知上下文之間存在著轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,所以使用though表示讓步和轉(zhuǎn)折。故A正確。

(2) It was a nice meal, a little expensive. (2011全國卷II)

A. thoughB. whether

C. asD. since

【答案】 A

5. Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is often said to be the most multicultural city in the world. (L19, P2) 多倫多,加拿大最大的城市,據(jù)說是世界上最多文化的城市。

【點撥】 該句=It is said that Toronto, the largest city in Canada, is the most multicultural city in the world. 如:

Smith was said to be a spy. =It was said that Smith was a spy. 傳說史密斯是個特務。

【拓展】 相關(guān)的句型有:① be said to do / be... 據(jù)說是…… ② be said to be doing sth. 據(jù)說正在做…… ③ be said to have done sth. 據(jù)說已經(jīng)做了……如:

(1) His son is said to be studying abroad. 據(jù)說他兒子正在國外讀書。

(2) The book is said to have been translated into several languages. 據(jù)說這本書已經(jīng)被翻譯成好幾種語言。

【高考真題回放】 (1) He is thought foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. (2014年江西卷34)

A. to actB. to have acted

C. actingD. having acted

【答案】 B

(2) Harrison Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.(2011年上海春招)

A. to workB. to be working

C. to have workedD. to have been working

【答案】 C

6. Montreal, a port in the province of Quebec, ..., Paris being the largest. (L.24, P.2)魁北克省內(nèi)的港口城市蒙特利爾是加拿大第二大城市,也是世界上僅次于巴黎的第二大法語城市。

With most of its population living near the coast, swimming and surfing are popular activities... (L.21, P.14) 由于大部分人口都住在沿海地區(qū),游泳和沖浪是最受喜愛的運動。

【點撥】 Paris being the largest是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),在句中做狀語,起補充說明的作用。相當于and Paris is the largest. With most of its population living near the coast 是一個with的復合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做原因狀語。相當于Because most of its population live near the coast, ...

with+名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/分詞或不定式。如:

(1) Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. 明天如果天氣好,我們就進行比賽。

(2) With so much homework to do, he hurried home. 有那么多作業(yè)要做,他很快回去了。

【高考真題回放】 (1) His lecture , a lively questionandanswer session followed. (2014年江蘇卷29)

A. being givenB. having given

C. to be givenD. having been given

【答案】 D

(2) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them. (2012年遼寧卷)

A. to followB. following

C. followedD. follows

【答案】 B

(3) The party will be held in the garden, weather. (2012全國新課標)

A. permittingB. to permit

C. permittedD. permit

【答案】 A

7. In the heart of Toronto is the Canadian National Tower, ...(L.21, P.2) 加拿大國家電視塔坐落于多倫多市中心,通常簡稱CN塔。

【點撥】 這是一個倒裝句。句首狀語是表示地點的介詞短語或某些表示方向的副詞(here, there, up, down, now, then, in, out, away, off)時,完全倒裝。但主語如為人稱代詞時,則不能倒裝。部分倒裝主要有“only + 狀語”位于句首表示強調(diào)時(如果only在句首不是修飾狀語,則要用正常語序)以及某些具有否定意義的詞語位于句首時表示強調(diào)。

【高考真題回放】 (1) At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River , one of the ten largest cities in China. (2012年 重慶卷)

A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing lies

C. does lie ChongqingD. does Chongqing lie

【答案】 A

(2) Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent properly in this hospital.

A. can be the patients

B. can the patients be treated

C. the patients can be treated

D. treated can be the patients

【答案】 B

(3) At no time the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.

A. they actually broke

B. do they actually break

B. did they actually break

D. they had actually broken

【答案】 C

8. The only active participants are the horses and the people who ride them, while everyone else watches. (L.44, P.15) 只有馬和騎手積極參與,而其他所有人都在觀看。

【點撥】 在這個句子當中,while用作并列連詞,表示“然而”。

【拓展】 除此之外,while還有名詞和從屬連詞(有兩種用法):

1) 引導時間狀語從句,表示“當……的時候”,“在……期間”。如:

He took a bath while I was preparing dinner. 我準備晚餐的時候他在洗澡。

2) 引導讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管,雖然”,相當于though。如:

While I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you.

雖然我了解你的觀點,我還是不能同意。

【高考真題回放】 (1) I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.(2012年 湖南卷)

A. WhileB. Once

C. IfD. Until

【答案】 A

(2) volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball. (2011年北京卷)

A. SinceB. Once

C. UnlessD. While

【答案】 D

(3) Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal. (2010年全國卷I)

A. so thatB. although

C. whileD. as if

【答案】 C

9. 本單元中的一些重點短語:

be second only to... 僅次于……

minus 29 degrees centigrade零下29攝氏度

for short 簡稱

frozen wastes冰封的荒原

be home to 為……的所在地

a handful of 少數(shù), 一把

go with 與……相配

participate in參加

in particular尤其,特別,專門

rather than而不是

consist of由……組成

lead to通往,通向;導致,引發(fā)

turn into變成,轉(zhuǎn)變

be equipped with 配備有……

be worthy of... 值得……

as well as和,以及be content with sth. / to do sth. 對……滿足/滿意

distinguish A from B / distinguish between A and B 把A和B區(qū)分開來

Module 9Unit 2

一、詞匯

1. (1) register vt. 登記,注冊;n. 花名冊,登記簿 (L.47, P.31) 如:

He registered the birth of his child.他登記了孩子的出生日期。

The teacher kept a register of the names of the children.這老師保留了一份孩子們的名冊。

(2) associate vt. (L.16, P.18)使……發(fā)生聯(lián)系,使聯(lián)合;association n. 如:

We associate China with the Great Wall.我們說起中國,就會想到長城。

【高考真題回放】 (1) Top graduates from universities areby major companies. (2014年 江蘇卷25)

A. chasedB. registered

C. offeredD. compensated

【答案】 A

chase追求,追逐;register登記,注冊;offer提供;compensate補償,賠償;句意:來自大學里的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生收到大公司的追逐。本句表示大公司愿意接受大學的優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生。根據(jù)句意說明A正確。

(2) According to the law, all foreigners have to with the local police within two weeks of arrival.(2013湖北)

A. associateB. dispute

C. negotiateD. register

【答案】 D考查動詞的辨義。register登記,注冊;associate(使)發(fā)生聯(lián)系;(使)聯(lián)合;結(jié)交;聯(lián)想;dispute辯論,爭論;negotiate談判,協(xié)商;此處是指所有的外國人都必須在抵達兩周內(nèi)到當?shù)鼐炀值怯洠赃xD。

2. decoration n.(L.19, P.30) 裝飾,裝修,裝潢

The house is wonderful. But I dont like the decorations.房子不錯,不過我不喜歡里面的裝潢。

【拓展】 decorate vt. 裝飾,裝潢;decorative adj. 裝飾的,裝潢的;decorator n.裝飾家

【高考真題回放】 —The town is so beautiful! I just love it.(2013年 江蘇卷)

—Me too. The character of the town is well .

A. qualifiedB. preserved

C. decoratedD. simplified

【答案】 B動詞的過去分詞已具備形容詞的性質(zhì)。be qualified合格的,有資格的;be well preserved保存完好的;be well decorated裝飾的,很漂亮的;be simplified被簡化的。根據(jù)句意,選B。句意:——這座小鎮(zhèn)是如此美麗!我真是喜歡它?!乙彩?。小鎮(zhèn)的特色保存的很完好。

3. clumsy adj. (L.76, P.19)笨拙的;clumsily adv.

【高考真題回放】 Dont defend him anymore. Its obvious that he destroyed the fence of the garden even without apology. (2013年 湖北卷29)

A. accidentallyB. carelessly

C. deliberatelyD. clumsily

【答案】 C考查副詞的辨義。deliberately故意地,蓄意;accidentally偶然地,意外地,非故意地; carelessly粗心大意地,草率地;clumsily笨拙地,粗陋地;此處是指“不要為他辯護了,很明顯他是故意破壞了花園的籬笆而不道歉?!彼赃xC。

二、短語或句型

4. ...as it sends the message to everyone that these sites are extremely important and precious. (L53, P31) ……因為它向大家提供了這樣的信息,即這些遺址非常重要和珍貴。

【點撥】 同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別:這兩個從句相似,都放在某一名詞或代詞后面。同位語從句對名詞加以補充說明,是名詞全部內(nèi)容的體現(xiàn),引導詞不在從句中擔任成分;定語從句對名詞加以限制,是名詞內(nèi)容的修飾性定語,其引導詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、狀語等成分。如:The news that he got there was true.該句有兩種分析方法。①get為vt. 而that在從句中擔任賓語,可換成which,也可省略,所以that引導定語從句。句意:他在那兒得到的消息是真實的。②get為vi. 而that在從句中不擔任成分,引導同位語從句。句意:他到達那兒的消息是真實的。

【高考真題回放】 (1) —Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?

—Yeah, but I have no idea he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. (2014年 重慶卷12)

A. whenB. why

C. thatD. how

【答案】 B

(2) The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed. (2012年 江蘇卷)

A. whenB. that

C. whetherD. how

【答案】 B

(3) Evidence has been found through years of study childrens early sleeping problem is likely to continue when they grow up.(2012年 重慶卷)

A. whyB. how

C. whetherD. that

【答案】 D

5. No one has had a greater influence on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks. (L.1, P.18) 沒有任何人對西方文明的影響比希臘人更大。

【點撥】 形容詞、副詞的比較級與否定式連用表示最高級的含義。如:

I have never seen a prettier sight. 我從來沒看到比這更美的風景。

—What do you think of the plan? ——你覺得這個計劃怎么樣?

—I cant agree more. Its quite practical. ——我非常同意。這個計劃很實用。

【拓展】 此句可以用3種方式來表達:

(1) The ancient Greeks had the greatest impact on the Western civilization in the world.

(2) The ancient Greeks had greater impact on the Western civilization than anyone else in the world. (than any other in the world.)

(3) No one has had a greater impact on Western civilization than the ancient Greeks.

【高考真題回放】 —You have to believe in yourself. No one else will, if you dont.

—. Confidence is really important.(2012年 天津卷)

A. Its not my cup of tea

B. Thats not the point

C. I dont think so

D. I couldnt agree more

【答案】 D

6. The Western or Roman alphabet is a Greek invention, as is the marathon, ... (L.6, P.18) 西方字母表或羅馬字母表是希臘人的發(fā)明,馬拉松也是。

【點撥】 as代表前面所述的某種情況或某一事實也適合另外一個人或物,意為“如……一樣”。常用as / so + 助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語。如:

She plays the piano well, as does her mother. 她和母親一樣鋼琴彈得好。

The film is so boring, as is its music. 這部電影很乏味,其音樂也是如此。

【拓展】 (1) 如果對前面所述的某種情況或某一事實加以肯定,用:so / as +主語+助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞。

—Last Sunday Tom went to Anns birthday party. ——上星期天湯姆參加了安妮的生日晚會。

—So he did. And so did I. ——是的,他確實去了,我也去了。

(2) 如果是比較復雜的句子,用So it is with sb. 或者 It is the same with sb.

He is clever and works hard. So it is with his brother. 他聰明且學習認真,他弟弟也是如此。

(3) 如果在否定句中表示前面所述的某種情況或某一事實也適合另外一個人或物則用:neither / nor +助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語。如:

If you dont go there, nor will I. 如果你不去,我也不去。

【高考真題回放】 (1) —I dont know about you, but Im sick and tired of this weather.

—. I cant stand all this rain. (2012年山東卷)

A. I dont care B. Its hard to say

C. So am ID. I hope not

【答案】 C

(2) The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor it a thought. (2012年重慶卷)

A. does he even givenB. he even gives

C. will he even giveD. he will even given

【答案】 C

7. ..., there are three main temples to Athena, the Goddess of the city. (L24,P18) 衛(wèi)城于公元前5世紀建在一個海拔高于雅典城的地方,目的是紀念雅典娜。

【點撥】 the Goddess of the city是同位語,對其所修飾的名詞Athena做進一步的解釋說明。如:This is Mr. Li, headmaster of our school. 這是我們學校校長李先生。

【拓展】 ①除了名詞外,還可以用形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞等做同位語。

②作同位語的名詞或者代詞可以用形容詞、分詞短語或者定語從句來修飾。如:

He is our monitor, able, open and sincere.他是我們班長,能干開朗而又誠懇。

You may leave it to us two.你可以把這事交給我們兩個人。

They are both in favor of the plan.他們兩人都贊成這個計劃。

Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one worthy to be treasured. 這么多年后見到我的叔叔是一個難忘的時刻,一個值得珍惜的時刻。

My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Bob, my great grandfather. 我所有的親戚中那個真正在美國留下自己印記的人是鮑勃,我的曾祖父。

【高考真題回放】 Helping others is a habit, you can learn even at an early age. (2010 山東卷)

A. itB. that

C. whatD. one

【答案】 D

8. Later, they used the Parthenon as a warehouse to store their supply of gunpowder. (L.47, P.18) ... 之后他們將帕臺農(nóng)神廟作為儲存軍火的倉庫。

【點撥】 短語use...as...“把……用作……”。

as 表示“作為”的意思。如:He has worked as a diplomat in the US, Sudan and Saudi Arabia...

他曾任駐美國、蘇丹和沙特阿拉伯的外交官。

【拓展】 常見含as (意為“作為”)的短語有:act as作為……用;work as以……身份工作;serve as 用作……;look up to... as把……尊為……;regard... as / consider... as / think of... as認為……是……;treat sb. as把某人當作……

【高考真題回放】 Lets learn to use the problem we are facing a steppingstone to future success. (2008年 全國卷I)

A. toB. for

C. asD. by

【答案】 C

9. Along the Scared Way, which leads to the tombs, you can... (L.11, P.30) 通向陵寢的神道有時被稱為石像神道,保存良好。

【點撥】 lead to 課文中意為“通向”,(結(jié)果) 導致…… 如:

All roads lead to Rome. 條條大路通羅馬。

Hiding your anger can only lead to unhappiness. 把氣憋在肚子里只能導致不幸。

【拓展】 ①導致某人做某事,用:lead to sb. / ones doing sth. 或者lead sb. to do sth. 如:

His anger with the teacher led him to shout loudly in class.

His anger with the teacher led to his shouting loudly in class. 他對老師的怨氣導致他在教室里大叫大嚷。

② n.“引導,帶頭,領(lǐng)先”,如:gain / have / take the lead in the race在賽跑中領(lǐng)先

【高考真題回放】

(1) With inspiration from other food cultures, American food culture can take a for the better.(2013年江蘇卷)

A. shareB. chance

C. turnD. lead

【答案】 C本題考查固定短語在語境中的應用。A. take a share分擔……;為……出力。B. take a chance冒險。C. take a turn轉(zhuǎn)彎,轉(zhuǎn);(情況、形勢等)轉(zhuǎn)變。D. take a lead領(lǐng)先,帶頭。根據(jù)本句for the better的提示,可見是講轉(zhuǎn)變,變得更好。句意:有了源于其他食品文化的靈感,美國飲食文化可以變得更好。

(2) The news shocked the public, to great concern about students safety at school. (2010年 重慶卷)

A. having ledB. led

C. leadingD. to lead

【答案】 C

(3) Look over there—theres a very long, winding path up to the house. (2011年 山東卷)

A. leadingB. leads

C. ledD. to lead

【答案】 A

10. In 1616, he was given permission to make a trip to South America to look for gold on behalf of King James. (P.27) 他被允許代表詹姆斯國王去南美洲尋找黃金。

【點撥】 on behalf of “代表某人”,如:Dont trouble to do it on my behalf.不要為了我去麻煩了。

介詞 + 名詞 + 介詞的短語還有:in charge of掌管,負責; in control of控制; in memory of紀念;in honor of紀念;向……表示敬意; in / with regard to關(guān)于;in favor of贊同,支持;in addition to除……以外;on top of在……上方;除……之外;in response to作為對……的回應、答復

【高考真題回放】 everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country. (2013年遼寧卷)

A. By means of B. On behalf of

C. In search ofD. For fear of

【答案】 B本題考查短語介詞辨析。A.by means of通過……的手段;B. on behalf of代表;C.in search of尋找;D. for fear of為了避免,唯恐。根據(jù)句意可知,選擇B。句意:代表在場的每一個人,我祝您歸國旅游愉快。

11. 本單元中的一些重點短語:

be charged with 被指控犯有……罪

on behalf of somebody代表某人,代替某人

in particular尤其

have an influence on對……產(chǎn)生影響

no different也沒什么不同

in a gesture to do sth. 作為……的姿勢

give birth to生(孩子)

sentence sb. to death 判處某人死刑

in terms of 在……方面,從……方面來說

the pace of change變化的步伐

associate... with把……與……相聯(lián)系;聯(lián)想

seize / take control of掌控;獲得……控制權(quán)

in the field of literature在文學方面

at the last minute在關(guān)鍵時刻

make room for為……騰地方;讓位于

give (sb.)permission to do sth.允許……做

a temple / monument to sb. 為某人而修建的寺廟或紀念碑

(作者:吳濤,南京市第三高級中學)

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