唐新秋
些漢語句子用動賓結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá),英語卻只能用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá),因為表達(dá)這些意義的英語動詞和動詞詞組是不及物動詞。常見的這類動詞和動詞詞組有happen,occur,exist,appear,take place,come about,break out,come true等。如:
例1 昨天我們班發(fā)生了一場爭吵。
誤:Our class happened a quarrel yesterday.
正:A quarrel happened in our class yesterday.
例2 李華家發(fā)生了沒有預(yù)料的事。
誤:Li Huas family occurred something unexpected.
正:Something unexpected occurred in Li Huas family.
例3 昨晚北方出現(xiàn)了一架飛機(jī)。
誤:The north appeared a plane yesterday evening.
正:A plane appeared in the north yesterday evening.
例4 目前的環(huán)境保護(hù)存在許多問題。
誤:Present environmental protection exists many problems.
正:Many problems exist in present environmental protection.
上面四個誤例是典型的中式英語,即用漢語語序表達(dá)英語詞匯。英語中的happen, occur,exist和appear是不及物動詞,只能用主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。不過,英語中表達(dá)“存在”可用倒裝,也可用there be 結(jié)構(gòu)來代替。如:
There exist/are many problems in present environmental protection.
例5 昨晚爆發(fā)了一起打斗。
誤:Last night broke out a fight.
正:Last night a fight broke out.
例6 自從1978年以來我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
誤:My hometown have taken place great changes since 1978.
正:Great changes have taken place in my hometown since 1978.
這個句子也可用另外兩種方式表達(dá):
There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.
My hometown has changed a lot since 1978.
例7 去年我們?nèi)ド虾r發(fā)生了那個問題。
誤:Came about that problem when we went to Shanghai last year.
正:That problem came about when we went to Shanghai last year.
例8 努力學(xué)習(xí),你的夢想就會實現(xiàn)。
誤:Work hard and you will come true your dream.
正:If you work hard,your dream will come true.
這個句子也可用及物動詞realize來表達(dá),那就是動賓結(jié)構(gòu)。如:
Work hard and you will realize your dream.
只要同學(xué)們記住這些動詞的用法,并經(jīng)常用這些詞匯造句,就可避免這些“中式英語”錯誤,讓自己的表達(dá)更加準(zhǔn)確、地道。
(作者單位:湖南醴陵市二中)
(責(zé)任編校/彭益)