宋海燕
一、could和was / were able to表示能力時的區(qū)別
例1 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
解析:答案為D。該題考查could和was able to的區(qū)別,兩者都可表示過去的能力,但如果表示過去成功地做了某事,只能使用was/were able to。
二、shall的特殊用法
例2 One of our rules is that every student _______ wear school uniform while at school.
A. might B. could C. shall D. will
解析:答案為C。句意為“我們其中的一條制度是每個學(xué)生在校期間都必須穿校服”。關(guān)鍵詞為rules,表示法律法規(guī)或制度規(guī)定時用shall。
例3 —I havent got the reference book yet,but Ill have a test on the subject next month.
—Dont worry. You _______ have it by Friday.
A. could B. shall C. must D. may
解析:答案為B。shall可用于含第二、第三人稱的陳述句中,表示說話人對對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等,此處用于第二人稱,表示允諾。
三、表示請求及其答語的用詞選擇
例4 —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No,you _______. You read it here.
A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt
解析:答案為D。在用could/might表示詢問或征求意見的問句中,肯定應(yīng)答要用can或may來代替could或might,而在用may/might征求意見的問句中,否定應(yīng)答要用cant/mustnt。
四、表示推測時must/can/could/may/might/should的區(qū)別
例5 Jack described his father,who _______ a brave boy many years ago,as a strong-willed man.
A. would be B. would have been
C. must be D. must have been
解析:答案為D。本題考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法。表示推測時,用must表示非??隙ǎ胢ay/might(用于肯定句)或can /could(用于否定句、疑問句)表示可能,用should表示根據(jù)事實(shí)或常理作出的較有把握的推測;后面加動詞原形表示對現(xiàn)在情況作出的推測,加be doing表示對正在進(jìn)行的事情進(jìn)行推測,加have done表示對過去情況作出的推測。用must have been表示對過去事情的肯定推測。
例6 The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
解析:答案為D。本題考查的是can用于肯定句表示推測的特殊用法。can一般不用于肯定句中表示推測,但有時也可用于肯定句,表示一時的推測,意為“有時也可能”。句意為“萬維網(wǎng)有時被打趣地叫成‘長等網(wǎng),因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)速有時會很慢”。
例7 What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There _______ be twelve.
A. should B. would C. will D. shall
解析:答案為A??疾榍閼B(tài)動詞表示猜測。表示根據(jù)事實(shí)或常理作出的較有把握的推測,用should。此句表示“按理應(yīng)該有12張”,用should。
五、need用作情態(tài)動詞還是實(shí)義動詞
例8 As a result of the serious flood,two-thirds of the buildings in the area _______.
A. need repairing B. needs to repair
C. needs repairing D. need to repair
解析:答案為A。考查主謂一致和need的用法。句子的主語為two-thirds of the buildings,表示復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞用原形。用作情態(tài)動詞時,need無人稱和數(shù)的變化,常用于否定句和疑問句。以need開頭的疑問句,肯定回答時用must,而must開頭的疑問句,否定回答用neednt或dont have to。用作實(shí)義動詞時,need有人稱和數(shù)的變化,后加sth.或to do sth.,need to be done相當(dāng)于need doing。此句主語“三分之二的建筑物”與need后的repair構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,用need to be repaired 或need repairing。
六、“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示責(zé)備語氣時的不同含義
例9 We _______ the difficulty together,but why didnt you tell me?
A. should face B. might face
C. could have faced D. must have faced
解析:答案為C。考查“情態(tài)動詞+have done”表示責(zé)備語氣,為高考熱點(diǎn)之一。表示責(zé)備語氣,常用四個句型:should/ought to have done(過去本應(yīng)該做了某事),should not/ought not to have done(過去本不該做了某事),neednt have done(過去本不必做某事),could/might have done(過去本可以做某事)。表示“過去本可以做某事”,用could/might have done。
七、cant /couldnt表示最高級含義的句型
例10 I _______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.
A. wont B. cant C. can D. will
解析:答案為B??疾楣潭ň湫汀癱ant /couldn t ...too+形容詞或副詞的原級”表示最高級的含義。常用的表達(dá)方式還有:cant/couldnt ...enough,cant /couldnt+形容詞或副詞的比較級,cant /couldnt ...so/such ...(as)等。
八、表示其他特殊語氣的用詞
例11 You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
解析:答案為C。本題考查的是should 表示驚訝、驚奇或出人意料這一特定語氣,常用于it is a pity that/it is strange that等句型中。should 在這里表示“竟然”,句意為“你難以想象這么一位彬彬有禮的紳士竟然對一位女士那么粗魯”。
例12 —Write to me when you get home.
— _______.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
解析:答案為C。will可以表示“一定,決心做某事”。
例13 I have told you the truth. _______ I keep repeating it?
A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will
解析:答案為A。must 表示“必須,一定”,也可以表示一種不耐煩的情緒;can 表示“可以,能夠 ”;may 表“也許”; will表示意愿或傾向性動作。句意為“我已經(jīng)告訴你了,我還必須重復(fù)一遍嗎”,表示一種不耐煩的情緒。
(作者單位:甘肅臨澤縣一中)
(責(zé)任編校/彭益)