易翠林,時(shí)京杰,包 雪,王玉林
(1.大連活爾生物科技有限公司,遼寧大連 116023;2大連藍(lán)德奧科技有限公司,遼寧大連 116023;3.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧大連 116044)
KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液體外抗腫瘤活性評(píng)價(jià)及相關(guān)機(jī)制研究
易翠林1,時(shí)京杰2,包 雪3,王玉林3
(1.大連活爾生物科技有限公司,遼寧大連 116023;2大連藍(lán)德奧科技有限公司,遼寧大連 116023;3.大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)院,遼寧大連 116044)
目的 系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液的抗腫瘤活性及對(duì)P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥的克服能力,并初步探討KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液的抗腫瘤機(jī)制。方法 應(yīng)用SRB法測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/A、K562/S和HGC-27的細(xì)胞毒活性,應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/S細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞周期阻滯作用、凋亡誘導(dǎo)作用和對(duì)其線粒體膜電位的影響作用。結(jié)果 KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞株K562/A、K562/S和 HGC -27 均具有細(xì)胞毒活性,IC50值分別為(1.12±0.15)%(v/v%)、(1.18±0.04)%(v/v%)、(1.21 ±0.17)%(v/v%),并可有效克服P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液可有效降低K562/S細(xì)胞的線粒體膜電位,并可使K562/S細(xì)胞阻滯在 G0/G1期,從而誘導(dǎo)其凋亡。結(jié)論KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡而殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞,同時(shí)能克服P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥。
細(xì)胞毒;腫瘤多藥耐藥;細(xì)胞周期;線粒體膜電位;細(xì)胞凋亡
腫瘤是危害人類健康的主要疾病之一,化療是中晚期惡性腫瘤病人最常用的治療方法。腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)抗腫瘤藥物的多藥耐藥(multidrug-resistance,MDR)是導(dǎo)致化療失敗的主要原因[1]。P-gp介導(dǎo)的多藥耐藥是腫瘤細(xì)胞MDR的主要機(jī)制之一[1]。此外,目前臨床使用的化療藥物均具有嚴(yán)重的毒副作用,因此導(dǎo)致其臨床治療效果不夠理想。而源自蔬菜、水果或海產(chǎn)品的抗腫瘤活性物質(zhì)一般對(duì)人體毒性較低或無(wú)毒性,而且其中有些可以有效克服腫瘤多藥耐藥。因此,該類藥物正在成為抗腫瘤藥物研發(fā)領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)[2]。
KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液是以牡蠣肉為主料,配以黃芪、枸杞、植物源維生素C為輔料,應(yīng)用獨(dú)特的細(xì)胞平衡液制備技術(shù)制備而成的。其含有人體所需的多種氨基酸、植物多糖、牛磺酸、維生素、微量元素及其他生物活性物質(zhì)。前期免疫調(diào)節(jié)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)小鼠細(xì)胞免疫功能(DTH)和ConA刺激的T淋巴細(xì)胞增殖有明顯的增強(qiáng)作用;對(duì)巨噬細(xì)胞功能(碳粒廓清)有促進(jìn)作用。因此具有顯著增強(qiáng)免疫力功效。而該復(fù)合提取液對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的直接殺傷作用及機(jī)理尚有待研究。
本文系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)了KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液在體外對(duì)不同腫瘤細(xì)胞株的細(xì)胞毒活性及對(duì)P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥的克服能力,并對(duì)其抗腫瘤機(jī)理進(jìn)行了初步研究,為該復(fù)合提取液的深度開(kāi)發(fā)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
人白血病細(xì)胞株K562/A(耐藥株)、K562/S(敏感株)(天津血研所);人胃癌細(xì)胞株HGC-27(上海細(xì)胞庫(kù));KA2012MBL(藍(lán)德奧公司);RPMI-1640(Gibco);胎牛血清(杭州四季青);Trichloroacetic acid(Sigma);Tris-Base(Amresco);乙酸(分析純)(天津);Apoptosis Kit(Biouniquer);RNase A(Sigma);酶標(biāo)儀(PerkinElmer/EnSpire2300_001M);96孔板(Costar);6孔板(Costar);Sulforhodamine B(Sigma);FACS(BD FACSCalibur);Rhodamine123(Sigma);離心機(jī)(Thermo ST16R);離心機(jī)(湘儀H2050R)。
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng):培養(yǎng)基為含10%小牛血清PRMI 1640培養(yǎng)液、37℃、5%CO2濕潤(rùn)條件下培養(yǎng),每隔2~3 d傳代1次。
1.2.2 SRB法測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)人白血病細(xì)胞株K562/A(耐藥株)、K562/S(敏感株)和人胃癌細(xì)胞株HGC-27的IC50:向96孔板內(nèi)加入倍比稀釋的 KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液(100 μL/孔),設(shè)2個(gè)重復(fù)孔。然后加100 μL細(xì)胞懸液(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)到96孔板;空白孔為100 μL 1640和100 μL培養(yǎng)基;同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥物對(duì)照孔:100 μL 1640加 100 μL細(xì)胞懸液。培養(yǎng) 44 h后,離心 3000 r/min,10 min,去上清,加入冷 16%trichloroacetic acid(100 μL/孔)4 ℃固定0.5 h,自來(lái)水沖洗5次,自然涼干。每孔加40 μL 0.4%SRB(1%乙酸溶液)染色45 min。用1%乙酸溶液洗4次,涼干后每孔加 100 μL 10 mmol/L Trisbase(pH10.0)溶解 SRB,震蕩10 min,用酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定吸光度(檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為570 nm)。生存率計(jì)算方法:生存率(survival rate)=(T-B)/(U-B)×100%,T為藥物作用下細(xì)胞孔的吸光度,U為無(wú)藥物對(duì)照孔的吸光度,B為空白孔吸光度。將藥物濃度和對(duì)應(yīng)濃度下細(xì)胞的生存率應(yīng)用Sigmoid方程進(jìn)行回歸分析,求得藥物對(duì)細(xì)胞的IC50。本研究以阿霉素為P-gp底物藥物陽(yáng)性對(duì)照,分別測(cè)定阿霉素對(duì)K562/A(耐藥株)K562/S(取感株)的IC50。
1.2.3 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定凋亡:K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)與終濃度為0.62%(v/v%)的KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液作用48 h(注:該濃度為經(jīng)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化后所得濃度),同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥對(duì)照孔。然后收集細(xì)胞,離心2000 g/min,5 min,PBS洗滌2遍后收集細(xì)胞,加入500 μL Annexin V Binding Buffer重懸細(xì)胞,加入5 μL Annexin V-FITC混勻后,加入5 μL Propidium Iodide混勻,避光,室溫反應(yīng)10 min,應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)為488 nm,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為530 nm。
1.2.4 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定線粒體膜電位:K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)與終濃度為0.62%(v/v%)的KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液作用48 h(注:該濃度為經(jīng)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化后所得濃度),同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥對(duì)照孔。然后收集細(xì)胞,離心2000 g/min,5 min,PBS洗滌2遍后收集細(xì)胞,用500 μL PBS溶液重懸細(xì)胞后,加入 5 μL 892 μmol/L Rhodamine123(終濃度:8.92 μmol/L)后放入37℃水浴鍋中,溫浴30 min。離心2000 r/min,5 min,PBS洗2遍后收集細(xì)胞,用500 μL PBS溶液重懸細(xì)胞,應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)為488 nm,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為530 nm。
1.2.5 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定細(xì)胞周期:K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)與終濃度為0.62%(v/v%)的KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液作用48 h(注:該濃度為經(jīng)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)優(yōu)化后所得濃度),同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥對(duì)照孔。然后收集細(xì)胞,離心2000 g/min,5 min,PBS洗滌2遍,用10 mL 70%乙醇(-20℃預(yù)冷)重懸細(xì)胞后置于4℃過(guò)夜。離心2000 g/min,5 min,PBS洗滌2遍后收集細(xì)胞,用500 μL PBS重懸細(xì)胞后加入 5 μL 2 μg/μL RNase A(終濃度:20 μg/mL),放入37℃水浴鍋中,溫浴30 min,加入5 μL Propidium Iodide混勻后,放入37℃水浴鍋中,避光,溫浴30 min,應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè),激發(fā)波長(zhǎng)為488 nm,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)為530 nm。
按照細(xì)胞毒實(shí)驗(yàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作規(guī)程,不同濃度KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液分別與K562/S和HGC-27細(xì)胞作用44 h,然后應(yīng)用SRB法檢測(cè)該復(fù)合提取液的細(xì)胞毒活性,即 IC50值。結(jié)果顯示,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/S和HGC-27細(xì)胞的 IC50值分別為(1.18 ±0.04)%(v/v%)和(1.21±0.17)%(v/v%)。結(jié)果說(shuō)明 KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液具有良好的體外抗腫瘤活性。然后,本研究又測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/A細(xì)胞的 IC50值,通過(guò)該復(fù)合提取液對(duì) K562/A和K562/S的IC50值對(duì)該復(fù)合提取液對(duì)P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥的克服能力進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。同時(shí)測(cè)定P-gp底物類化療藥物阿霉素對(duì)K562/A和K562/S的IC50值作為P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤細(xì)胞多藥耐藥的陽(yáng)性對(duì)照。結(jié)果顯示,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/A和K562/S的IC50值非常接近,分別為1.12%(v/v%)和1.18%(v/v%)。而P-gp底物類化療藥物阿霉素對(duì)K562/A的IC50值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其對(duì)K562/S的IC50值,前者的IC50值約為后者的6.12倍。結(jié)果說(shuō)明KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液中抗腫瘤活性成分可有效克服P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤細(xì)胞多藥耐藥。見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 應(yīng)用SRB法測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/A和K562/S的細(xì)胞毒活性Fig 1 Cytotoxicity of KA2012MBL against K562/A and K562/S by SRB assay
向6孔板每孔加入3 mL K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)。在此細(xì)胞濃度條件下,K562/S細(xì)胞的傳代時(shí)間為48 h。故將K562/S細(xì)胞和0.62%(v/v%)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液相互作用48 h,同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥物對(duì)照孔,然后應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/S線粒體膜電位的影響作用。結(jié)果顯示,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液可使K562/S細(xì)胞線粒體膜電位顯著降低。見(jiàn)圖2。
向6孔板每孔加入3 mL K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)。在此細(xì)胞濃度條件下,K562/S細(xì)胞的傳代時(shí)間為48 h。故將K562/S細(xì)胞和0.62%(v/v%)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液相互作用48 h,同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥物對(duì)照孔,然后應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀測(cè)定KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/S細(xì)胞周期的影響作用。結(jié)果顯示,相比于無(wú)藥物對(duì)照組,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液實(shí)驗(yàn)組中處于G0/G1期和S期的細(xì)胞比率顯著增多,而處于G2期細(xì)胞的比率則明顯減少。說(shuō)明KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液G2期進(jìn)行分裂,從而阻止其增殖。見(jiàn)圖3。
向6孔板每孔加入3 mL K562/S細(xì)胞(細(xì)胞濃度:6×104cells/mL)。在此細(xì)胞濃度條件下,K562/S細(xì)胞的傳代時(shí)間為48 h。故將K562/S細(xì)胞和1.6%(v/v%)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液相互作用48 h,同時(shí)設(shè)立無(wú)藥物對(duì)照孔,然后用Annexin V-FITC和Propidium Iodide染色后應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行細(xì)胞凋亡檢測(cè)。結(jié)果顯示,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液作用后,17.2%的K562/S細(xì)胞出現(xiàn)凋亡,其中早期凋亡細(xì)胞占細(xì)胞總數(shù)的2.42%,晚期凋亡細(xì)胞占細(xì)胞總數(shù)的14.82%。見(jiàn)圖4。
圖3 應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)分析樣品B對(duì)K562/S周期的誘導(dǎo)作用Fig 3 Cell cycle arrest activity of KA2012MBL on K562/S cells by FACS analysis
圖4 應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/S凋亡的誘導(dǎo)作用Fig 4 Apoptosis induction activity of KA2012MBL on K562/S cells by FACS analysis
開(kāi)發(fā)具有高生物活性、低毒副作用并可有效克服腫瘤多藥耐藥的抗腫瘤藥物是目前抗腫瘤藥物研發(fā)領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)[2]。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)不同組織來(lái)源的腫瘤細(xì)胞株K562/S和HGC-27均具有細(xì)胞毒活性。同時(shí)本研究結(jié)果表明,KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液不是通過(guò)物理?yè)p傷導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞死亡,而是通過(guò)與細(xì)胞內(nèi)特異性受體結(jié)合后,誘導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡,從而殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞。本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液與K562/S細(xì)胞作用48 h后,可導(dǎo)致K562/S細(xì)胞線粒體膜電位顯著降低。線粒體膜電位降低后,隨之呼吸鏈脫耦聯(lián)造成線粒體損傷,產(chǎn)生的活性氧類和多種促凋亡因子如凋亡誘導(dǎo)因子(AIF)、細(xì)胞素C等釋放到胞質(zhì)[3]。這些因子將激活相關(guān)凋亡通路,從而引發(fā)內(nèi)源性細(xì)胞凋亡[4-5]。據(jù)報(bào)道,在體外可以引發(fā)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡的抗腫瘤活性物質(zhì),其在體內(nèi)殺死腫瘤細(xì)胞的活性均比較理想,從而成為抗腫瘤新藥的可能性要遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他在體外具有抗腫瘤活性的物質(zhì)[6]。此外,細(xì)胞凋亡與細(xì)胞周期變化密切相關(guān)[7-10]。細(xì)胞增殖經(jīng)過(guò)G0/G1-S-G2-M四個(gè)時(shí)期,本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),K562/S細(xì)胞與KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液作用后,G2/M期細(xì)胞比例顯著減少,并伴隨處于G0/G1前的亞二倍體(DNA 碎片[10-11])增多,說(shuō)明 K562/S細(xì)胞被阻滯在G0/G1期而無(wú)法進(jìn)入G2/M期,從而導(dǎo)致S期和G0/G1期細(xì)胞比例相對(duì)增加。因細(xì)胞周期被阻滯,所以細(xì)胞周期相對(duì)延長(zhǎng),由此將導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞走向凋亡[11-12]。
K562/A細(xì)胞株源自K562/S,兩株細(xì)胞的主要區(qū)別在于K562/A為P-gp高表達(dá),而K562/S為P-gp低表達(dá)株[13]。如果一種抗腫瘤藥物對(duì)K562/A的IC50值顯著高于其對(duì)于K562/S的IC50值,則說(shuō)明該抗腫瘤藥物是P-gp的底物,無(wú)法克服P-gp介導(dǎo)的MDR,無(wú)開(kāi)發(fā)前景。KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液對(duì)K562/A和K562/S的 IC50無(wú)明顯差異,提示KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液中的抗腫瘤活性成分不是P -gp 的底物[1,10-11],即 KA2012MBL 復(fù)合提取液可有效克服P-gp介導(dǎo)的腫瘤多藥耐藥,具有良好的開(kāi)發(fā)前景。
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Antitumor activity and mechanism of KA2012MBL in vitro
YI Cui-lin1,SHI Jing-jie2,BAO Xue3,WANG Yu-lin3
(1.Dalian Higher Bio Tec Co.Ltd,Dalian116023,China;2.Dalian Landauer Co.Ltd,Dalian116023,China;3.Department of Parasitology,Dalian Medical University,Dalian116044,China)
[Abstract]ObjectiveTo evaluate the antitumor activity of KA2012MBL and the ability to overcome P-gp mediated MDRin vitro.MethodsThe cytotoxicity of KA2012MBL against K562/A,K562/S and HGC-27 were determined by SRB assay.FACS analysis was used to detect the cell cycle arrest activity and apoptosis induction activity of KA2012MBL on K562/S cells and the loss of mitochondria membrane potential(MMP)of K562/S cells caused by KA2012MBL.ResultsKA2012MBL showed excellentin vitrocytotoxicity against K562/A,K562/S and HGC -27,with IC50of(1.12 ±0.15)%(v/v%),(1.18 ±0.04)%(v/v%)and(1.21 ±0.17)%(v/v%),respectively.It also shows ability to overcome P - gp mediated MDR.Furthermore,KA2012MBL caused the loss of MMP of K562/S cells and cell cycle arrest at G0/G1phase,and induced the apoptosis of K562/S cells.ConclusionKA2012MBL exerts its antitumor activity by apoptosis induction in tumor cells,which indicates KA2012MBL would show very potent in vivo antitumor activity.Furthermore,KA2012MBL could overcome P-gp mediated MDR successfully.
[Key words]SRB;cytotoxicity;cell life-cycle;mitochondria membrane potential;apoptosis
R979.1+9
A
1671-7295(2014)01-0018-05
易翠林,時(shí)京杰,包雪,等.KA2012MBL復(fù)合提取液體外抗腫瘤活性評(píng)價(jià)及相關(guān)機(jī)制研究[J].大連醫(yī)科大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2014,36(1):18 -22.
10.11724/jdmu.2014.01.05
易翠林(1964-),女,德國(guó)萊茵蘭-法爾茨州蘭道市人,博士。E-mail:cuilinyi2008@163.com
王玉林,副教授。E-mail:wangyulin1971@126.com
2013-11-11;
2013-12-05)