2014年6月六級(jí)考試的作文沿用了2013年6月六級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的闡釋道理型的寫(xiě)作命題思路，即要求考生根據(jù)一句名言、諺語(yǔ)或俗語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇議論文。本文擬以此次六級(jí)考試的三道寫(xiě)作真題為例，從開(kāi)頭方法、論證方法和結(jié)尾方法三個(gè)方面與考生談?wù)勅绾螒?yīng)對(duì)闡釋道理型六級(jí)作文。

真題回顧

與以往兩次考試中出現(xiàn)的抽象、晦澀的名言不同，此次六級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的三道作文題目涉及的都是一些為人處世的道理，這些道理更加貼近日常生活，寓意明白曉暢，因此考生在理解題目方面應(yīng)該沒(méi)有問(wèn)題。下面我們分別來(lái)看本次考試出現(xiàn)的三道寫(xiě)作真題。

題目一

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

審題：這道題目中包含的俗語(yǔ)（不要把所有雞蛋都放在同一個(gè)籃子里）揭示的是一種人生智慧。其蘊(yùn)含的道理非常淺顯，那就是凡事要留有余地，不可孤注一擲。

題目二

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to jump to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

審題：這道題目中包含的俗語(yǔ)是一個(gè)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即不要一看到或聽(tīng)到什么就倉(cāng)促下結(jié)論。

題目三

Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to judge a person by their appearance. You can give examples to illustrate your point. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.

審題：這道題目中包含的俗語(yǔ)也是一個(gè)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即不要以貌取人。

開(kāi)頭段寫(xiě)作策略

闡釋道理型六級(jí)作文宜寫(xiě)成三個(gè)段落。其中開(kāi)頭段有兩重作用：一是引起讀者的閱讀興趣，二是引出文章所討論的話題。只要能起到上述作用，開(kāi)頭段在寫(xiě)法上可以不拘一格。常見(jiàn)的開(kāi)頭方法有三種，下面分別舉例說(shuō)明。

1開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山

考生可以在開(kāi)篇第一句話就點(diǎn)出題目中所包含的俗語(yǔ)，然后簡(jiǎn)要解釋其寓意，從而引出文章要討論的話題。比如題目一就可以這樣開(kāi)頭：

An old saying goes “never put all your eggs in one basket.” It warns us not to risk losing everything by pinning all our hopes on one action. I believe there is a lot of truth in this saying.

2引用俗語(yǔ)

考生可以在開(kāi)篇第一句話先引用一個(gè)與話題密切相關(guān)的俗語(yǔ)，然后通過(guò)解釋這個(gè)俗語(yǔ)來(lái)引出文章要討論的話題。比如題目二就可以這樣開(kāi)頭：

As an old saying goes， “Act in haste， repent at leisure.” The saying warns us against jumping to conclusions upon seeing or hearing something. Let me tell you a story to illustrate this point.

3故事開(kāi)篇

考生可以在文章開(kāi)篇先講一個(gè)逸聞?shì)W事，以此來(lái)引出所要討論的話題。這種寫(xiě)法生動(dòng)有趣，被廣泛應(yīng)用于英語(yǔ)新聞特寫(xiě)和專欄文章中。比如題目三就可以這樣開(kāi)頭：

Rebecca Zhang， a top student in my department， has had the blues. She was turned down again at the job interview last week because of her plain looks. Zhangs case is hardly unique in todays society， where a person is often judged by his or her appearance.

需要提醒考生的是，用故事法開(kāi)頭時(shí)須注意以下三點(diǎn)：第一，故事要?jiǎng)尤?，能吸引讀者的注意力，因此最好選擇那些可喜、可愕、可悲、可嘆的事件；第二，故事要簡(jiǎn)短，畢竟它只是一個(gè)引子；第三，故事講完后要迅速地過(guò)渡到文章所討論的話題，此時(shí)可以使用一些起過(guò)渡作用的句型，如the story is not rare/alone/isolated或sb.s case is far from unique等。

論證段寫(xiě)作策略

闡釋道理型作文的第二段要闡明題目中名言、諺語(yǔ)或俗語(yǔ)所蘊(yùn)含的道理，這是文章的重心所在。雖然此次六級(jí)考試三道作文題目中的道理淺顯易懂，但是寫(xiě)起來(lái)并不輕松，因?yàn)楹芏嗫忌恢涝撊绾螌⑦@些似乎不言自明的道理解釋明白。因此要寫(xiě)好闡釋道理型作文，考生還需掌握一項(xiàng)重要的論證技巧，那就是舉例論證。有些考生以為只能以偉人事跡為例，其實(shí)不然，除此之外，考生也可以使用下面三種常用的舉例素材。

1凡人小事

與漢語(yǔ)議論文不同的是，英語(yǔ)議論文中的例子不拘一格，既可以是名人軼事，也可以是凡人小事，還可以是作者的親身經(jīng)歷。只要能證明道理，都可以娓娓道來(lái)。以題目一為例，考生要論證“不要把所有雞蛋都放在同一個(gè)籃子里”這個(gè)道理，可以舉出自己表弟的例子：他一心想上哈佛大學(xué)，但在留學(xué)申請(qǐng)時(shí)同時(shí)申請(qǐng)了好幾所美國(guó)的大學(xué)；最后雖然沒(méi)能上哈佛，但也不至于一無(wú)所獲，去了芝加哥大學(xué)。這樣的例子既簡(jiǎn)單又貼切，請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

It is obvious that if we put all our eggs in one basket and then drop it， we will break all the eggs. Similarly， if we pin all our hopes on one course of action and it fails， then we will be in a tight corner. So the surest way is to put our eggs in several different baskets for safekeeping. A cousin of mine makes a good example. Although he was set on going to Harvard University， he applied to several American universities to avoid having all his eggs in one basket. This strategy worked well for him， for he was eventually admitted to the University of Chicago.

2傳說(shuō)故事

神話傳說(shuō)、民間故事也可以成為很好的例子。相對(duì)于中國(guó)文化來(lái)說(shuō)，西方文化是一種更為強(qiáng)勢(shì)的文化，因此考生可以盡量舉西方人所熟悉的傳說(shuō)故事。以題目二為例，考生在論證“不要一看到或聽(tīng)到什么就倉(cāng)促下結(jié)論”這個(gè)道理時(shí)，就可以舉出英國(guó)一個(gè)有名的傳說(shuō)：北威爾士王子Llywelyn一時(shí)沖動(dòng)，誤殺了他的一條忠實(shí)的狗，結(jié)果釀成大錯(cuò)。請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

Legend has it that Llywelyn， a Prince in north Wales， had a faithful dog called Gelert. One day the prince went hunting with his men and told the dog to stay at home and look after his baby son. On his return， he was greeted by Gelert， jaws dripping with blood. He was alarmed and searched for his son but there was no sign of him. Llywelyn concluded that Gelert had savaged his baby. Mad with grief， he killed the dog. Then he heard a childs cry coming from outside. He ran out of the house and found the baby lying on the ground unhurt. Near him was a dead wolf. Thus his hasty conclusion led to an egregious mistake.

3媒體紅人

備受新聞媒體關(guān)注的人物也可以成為考生寫(xiě)作時(shí)的例子。以題目三為例，考生要論證“不能以貌取人”這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，就可以舉出英國(guó)蘇珊大媽（Susan Boyle）的例子。在2009年的《英國(guó)達(dá)人》選秀比賽中，相貌平平的蘇珊大媽以美妙的天籟之音震驚全場(chǎng)，最后取得決賽第二名的成績(jī)。這件事曾被全球媒體廣泛報(bào)道，成為人們熱議的話題，因此以蘇珊大媽為例來(lái)證明“人不可貌相”再合適不過(guò)了。請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

But it is unwise to judge a book by its cover. Consider Susan Boyle. When she walked onto the stage of Britains Got Talent on April 11， 2009， everyones first impression of her was unfavorable. In fact， many in the audience， even the shows judges， laughed at or made fun of her plain appearance. But once she began to sing， they changed their minds. She finished second in the final and became one of the top-selling artists with her album I Dreamed a Dream. Susans story is a compelling reason why looks shouldnt be overrated.

俗話說(shuō)，一例勝千言。一個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)睦涌梢园岩粋€(gè)抽象的道理說(shuō)得既生動(dòng)又明白。舉例論證還能化難為易，因?yàn)橹v述一個(gè)具體的事例總比抽象地說(shuō)理更容易下筆。而要在寫(xiě)作時(shí)舉出適當(dāng)?shù)睦?，考生平時(shí)就要做有心人，在閱讀中多思考、多積累。但凡名人軼事、凡人小事、親身經(jīng)歷、歷史事件、神話傳說(shuō)，只要能夠闡明一個(gè)道理，都要留心。但是考生須知，講述事例只是手段，是為了證明一個(gè)道理，因此敘事要與所證明的道理緊密聯(lián)系，在寫(xiě)作時(shí)最好夾敘夾議。

結(jié)尾段寫(xiě)作策略

闡釋道理型六級(jí)作文的結(jié)尾段一般要指出這個(gè)道理的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，并號(hào)召大家踐行這個(gè)道理。結(jié)尾段并無(wú)實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，其主要作用是照應(yīng)開(kāi)頭、重述主題，加深讀者的印象，并給讀者一種圓滿的感覺(jué)。結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)作講究簡(jiǎn)潔明快，一般兩三句話即可，切勿畫(huà)蛇添足。

就題目一來(lái)說(shuō)，考生可以先指出把所有雞蛋放在同一個(gè)籃子里的害處，然后建議大家不可把所有的時(shí)間、金錢(qián)或者精力都投入到一件事當(dāng)中。請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

Putting all eggs in one basket is a sure recipe for disappointment or even tragedy. Thus， it is advisable that we not invest all our time， money， or energy in only one option in any endeavor.

就題目二來(lái)說(shuō)，考生可以先承接上文，指出生活中的確有很多情況讓我們?nèi)菀讉}(cāng)促下結(jié)論，然后號(hào)召大家時(shí)刻保持頭腦冷靜，三思而后行。請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

Though such an extreme example is rare， there are circumstances in our daily life where it is tempting to rush to conclusions. So lets always keep a cool head and think twice before arriving at any conclusions.

就題目三來(lái)說(shuō)，考生可以先指出外貌往往是靠不住的，然后建議大家不可以貌取人。需要注意的是，結(jié)尾段在內(nèi)容上往往與開(kāi)頭段很相似，所以要注意變換說(shuō)法，避免措辭重復(fù)。請(qǐng)看下面的參考范文。

Looks can be deceptive. Therefore， we should always resist the temptation to judge others based on their physical appearance. Anyway， who says an ugly duckling cannot turn into a beautiful swan？

總之，經(jīng)過(guò)幾次考試之后，闡釋道理型作文的命題方式逐漸走向成熟?？忌灰莆者@種題目的審題立意、結(jié)構(gòu)布局和展開(kāi)論證的一些策略，多加練習(xí)，并在平時(shí)的閱讀中勤于積累，寫(xiě)出高分的六級(jí)作文并非難事。