邵艷

as是英語中使用頻率極高的一個(gè)詞，這是由它強(qiáng)大的功能所決定的。正是因?yàn)樗浞üδ芎驼Z義功能太多，用法復(fù)雜，而且常常和有些句型混淆，使得有些同學(xué)在理解和使用過程中常常感到茫然。因此，這里僅對as引導(dǎo)從句中的若干常見用法及常常被混淆的情況進(jìn)行討論，使同學(xué)們對它能有更好的了解和掌握。

一、as可作為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句

1.引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，既可以代物也可以代人，此時(shí)被修飾的先行詞前面往往有the same，such，so，形式為：the same...as...， such...as...，so...as...。這些結(jié)構(gòu)可譯為“和……一樣的”，“……樣的”， “……之類的”等。例如：

Dont read such books as will be harmful to your mind.不要讀這種對你思想有害的書。（關(guān)系代詞as做主語）

This is not such a good engine as l expected to be.這并不是我想象中那樣好的發(fā)動機(jī)。（關(guān)系代詞as做表語）

Here is so difficult a problem as none of us can solve.這個(gè)問題太難我們都無法解決。（關(guān)系代詞as做賓語）

Melted iron is poured into the mixer much in the same way as tea is poured into a cup from a teapot. 鐵水倒進(jìn)熔鐵爐里就像把茶水從茶壺倒入茶杯—樣。（關(guān)系副詞as做方式狀語）

Meet me at the same place as you did yesterday. 請到昨天見面的那個(gè)地方來見我。（關(guān)系副詞as做地點(diǎn)狀語）

【注意事項(xiàng)】：

①注意區(qū)分the same... as...和the same... that...

當(dāng)表示“相似”時(shí)，多用as，避免使用that；表示“同一”時(shí)，多用that，但也可以用as。例如：

This coffee is the same as we had at Mrs Dawsons. 這咖啡和我們在道森夫人家喝的一樣。

He works in the same shop that/as I do. 他和我在同一家商店工作。

②注意區(qū)分such/so...as...和such/so...that...。

這里的as 是關(guān)系詞，引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，所以不僅引導(dǎo)從句，還要在從句中代表先行詞充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。而that 是連詞，引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，僅僅是引導(dǎo)從句的作用。兩者的意思也不一樣，前者意為“……樣的/之類的”， 后者意為“如此……以至于……”。例如：

Tom is so good a student as is often praised by the teacher. 湯姆是那種常常受到老師表揚(yáng)的好學(xué)生。（as代表先行詞在定語從句中作主語）

Jack is so smart a boy that he can work out difficult mathes problems quickly. 杰克是個(gè)如此聰明的孩子，以至于他能快速地解出數(shù)學(xué)難題。（that只起引導(dǎo)從句的連接作用，不在從句中充當(dāng)任何句子成分。）

2. 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，常代表整個(gè)主句的意思，有時(shí)也代表主句的一部分， （不能指代某個(gè)名詞或代詞）；位置靈活，可以放在主句前、后或中間；在從句中作主語或賓語且有“正如”的意思。

As our teacher points out，that book is of benefit to everyone.正如我們老師所指出的那樣，那本書對大家是有好處的。

This machine， as might be expected， has stopped operating.正如可能預(yù)料到的那樣，這臺機(jī)器壞了。

這種用法的常見表達(dá)有：

as has been said before 如前所述

as is well known 眾所周知

as we know 正如我們知道的那樣

as everyone can see 正如大家所看到的那樣

as is often the case 正如通常的情況那樣

【注意事項(xiàng)】

Which也常常引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，不僅可以代表主句中某個(gè)先行詞，也可代表整個(gè)主句的意思，或代表主句的一部分。當(dāng)代表整個(gè)主句或主句部分內(nèi)容時(shí)，有時(shí)可和as互換，但也有以下不同：

①as 有“正如；如同”的意思，而which 不具有；

Kate was late for school again， as often happened. 正如常常發(fā)生的那樣，凱特上學(xué)又遲到了。

②as可指其前后主句提到的事實(shí)或情況，因此引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句位置比較靈活，which可以放在主句前后，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后；

③在非限制性定語從句做主語時(shí)which可用各類動詞做謂語，as的謂語常為系動詞，如be， seem， become等，一般不用其他行為動詞。例如：

He saw the girl， which delighted him. 他見到了這個(gè)女孩，這令他很高興。

He didnt say anything at the meeting， as/which seemed very strange. 他在會上一言不發(fā)，這有點(diǎn)奇怪。endprint

④從句中的謂語動詞是否定形式或否定意義時(shí)，常用which 。例如：

He can write a letter in English， which I can not. 他會寫英文信，而我不會。

He said he had passed the exam， which was untrue. 他說他通過了考試，這不是真的。

二、as可作為連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句

1. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照；如同；像……一樣”， 前面常常被just修飾。例如：

The absence of air also explains why the stars do not seem to twinkle in space as they do from the earth. 空氣的不存在也說明了為什么在空中星星看來并不閃爍，而不像從地球上看的那樣。

Leave the things as they are. 別動這些東西。

Always do to the others as you would be done to. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。

Just as radar is to airplanes and ships， so eyes are to human body.雷達(dá)對飛機(jī)和輪船就好象眼睛對人的身體一樣。

【注意事項(xiàng)】

還有另外一種由as 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句，其結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地歸結(jié)為“as+助動詞/be動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語”，其實(shí)也是一種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)as可以換成so， 表示從句的主語也具有前面主句相同的情況，即“……也是如此”。例如：

Anyone who hasnt read the book will find this movie rather confusing， as will anyone who has. 無論是看過小說原著還是沒有看過小說原著的人，都會覺得這電影相當(dāng)混亂。

Our eating habits have changed， as has our way of life. 我們的飲食習(xí)慣和生活方式都發(fā)生了變化。

2. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，可譯為“當(dāng)……時(shí)；隨著”等。

We do not necessarily grow wiser as we grow older.我們未必會隨著年齡的增大而變得越來越聰明。

3. 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，可譯為“由于；因?yàn)椤钡?。其語氣不如because強(qiáng)，通常為附加說明的理由，且是已知曉的原因，相當(dāng)于since， seeing that。例如：

As she was not well， I went there alone. 因?yàn)樗眢w不好，所以我獨(dú)自到那里去了。

As he is a tailor， he knows what to do with this material. 他是個(gè)裁縫，他知道怎樣利用這塊布料。

As the weather was fine， l opened all the windows.由于天氣很好，所以我把所有的窗戶都打開了。

4. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句，用于比較句型“as...as...”可譯為“與……一樣……”； 否定式為“not+so/as...as...”可譯為“不如/沒有……（那樣）……” 。第一個(gè)as是程度副詞，修飾實(shí)義的形容詞或副詞；第二個(gè)as是連詞，引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。

This dress is prettier，but it costs twice as much as that one.這件衣服比那件漂亮，但價(jià)格是那件的兩倍。

5. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，可譯為“雖然；盡管”。但從句必須倒裝， 通常把從句的表語、狀語或謂語部分的實(shí)意動詞放在as前面。此時(shí)可以換成though。例如：

Child as he is， he knows a lot. 雖然他是個(gè)孩子，但他知道的東西很多。

Impossible as it seems， it is true. 雖然似乎不太可能，但卻是真的。

Hard as it was raining， they went on working in the field. 雖然天下大雨，但他們繼續(xù)在田地里干活。

Fail in the election as he did， he became famous for his fiery speech against slavery. 盡管落選了， 但他卻以其反對奴隸制的激烈演說而出名了。

【注意事項(xiàng)】

①與though和although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的區(qū)別：

as引導(dǎo)倒裝語序的從句，although引導(dǎo)正常語序的從句，而though既可引導(dǎo)正常語序又可引導(dǎo)倒裝語序；

Although I like the appearance of the house， what really made me decide to buy it was the beautiful view through the window.雖然我喜歡這房子的外觀，但真正讓我決定買的原因是窗外美麗的景色。

Man as/though he is ， he behaves like a woman. 盡管他是個(gè)男的，但舉手投足卻像個(gè)女人。

②as在引導(dǎo)倒裝語序的讓步狀語從句時(shí)，如果是單數(shù)的名詞作表語放在as前，要去掉冠詞，即采用零冠詞。例如：

King as he is， he is unhappy. 盡管他是一國之君，但他并不開心。endprint

由上可見，僅僅as引導(dǎo)從句的用法就多而繁雜，除此以外，as 還可以作副詞或介詞，還經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，如，as well as，such as，as if等等。由于篇幅有限，在此就不做贅述?？傊?，我們一定不要小瞧了這個(gè)英語中功能最強(qiáng)大的詞——as.

1. The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.

A. who B. that

C. as D. which

2. Jim passed the driving test， surprised everybody in the office.

A. which B. that

C. this D. it

3. I explained on the phone ， your request will be considered at the next meeting.

A. Which B. When

C. What D. As

4. is reported in the newspaper， talks between the two countries are making progress.

A. It B. As

C. That D. What

5. Hes such a lazy man in our company nobody wants to work with .

A. as； him B. that； /

C. as； / D. whom； him

6. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， of course， made the others unhappy.

A. who B. which

C. this D. what

7. Chongqing is not the same city we have seen in other places.

A.that B. which

C. 不填 D. as

8. —Robert， is this yours？

—Yes， its just the same Walkman I lost on the playground yesterday.

A. which B. what

C. as D. that

9. ， I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled

B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled

D. As I have traveled so much

10. ， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting .

A. Strange as might it sound

B. As it might sound strange

C. As strange is might sound

D. Strange as it might sound

1～5 DADBC 6～10 BDBCAendprint