汪璇
請同學(xué)們先看看下面這道完成句子:
Most believe he for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football. (play)
多數(shù)人認(rèn)為,要不是受了重傷而告別足球,上周他本會為英格蘭踢球的。
解析 本題考查 but for含蓄條件虛擬語氣,last week是對過去情況的虛擬。因此正確答案是could/would have played. 類似情況還有otherwise, but, or, without等來引導(dǎo)。
“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)是歷年高考試題中的必考項(xiàng),也是同學(xué)們常常容易混淆的考點(diǎn)之一。近年來,“情態(tài)動詞+have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的試題新穎,而且有效的信息越來越隱蔽,考查角度越來越精細(xì),綜合性也越來越高,諸如此類因素?zé)o疑增加了考題的難度。因此,仔細(xì)區(qū)別具有相同功能的、意思相近的情態(tài)動詞特征用法是突破這一難點(diǎn)的有效措施。
簡單來說,“情態(tài)動詞+have done”這一結(jié)構(gòu)有兩大功能:一是表示推測;二是表示虛擬。
1. must+ have done表示對過去情況的肯定推測,用于肯定句中,意為“一定,必定做過某事”。
①The children lost in the woods: otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. (get)
孩子們一定是在樹林里迷路了,否則按照計(jì)劃他們應(yīng)該已經(jīng)在湖邊了。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞對過去情況的肯定推測。從句子后半句判斷可知與過去事實(shí)相反,前面應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞+完成式,因此正確答案是must have got。
②Since nobody gave him any help, he , the research on his own. (do)
既然沒有人提供給他幫助,他一定是自己做的這項(xiàng)研究工作。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞對過去情況的肯定推測。前半句gave him any help 表明是過去的動作,后半句肯定推測,因此本題答案是 must have done。
③Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He ,at the party last night. (drink)
亨利感覺不舒服,他一定是在昨晚的聚會上喝多了。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞對過去情況的肯定推測。時間狀語last night ,因此本題答案是must have drunk too much。
2. could have done用于肯定句中,表示本來可以做某事,亦可以表示“可能已經(jīng)做……”
④Sorry, Cathy, I didnt know that you were badly short of money then. But you . (ask)
對不起凱瑟,我不知道你當(dāng)時急需用錢。但是你本可以向我求助的。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞接完成式,表示過去本來可以做某事,因此本題答案是could have asked me for help。
3. can/ could not have done 表示對過去發(fā)生事情懷疑或者不確定,意為“不可能做過某事”,通常用在否定句或者疑問句中。
⑤—Why are your eyes so red? You last night.
—Yeah, I stay up late writing a report. (sleep)
—你的眼睛為什么這么紅?你昨晚肯定沒睡好。
—是的,我熬夜寫報(bào)道到很晚。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞對過去情況的推測。cant/couldnt have done 表示過去不可能做了某事,因此答案是cant/couldnt have slept well。類似表推測用法還有may/might have done可能做過,must have done 一定做過。
4. may/ might have done 表示對過去事情的推測,意為“可能做過某事”。Might可能性比may弱,語氣比較委婉。
⑥It is possible that the King of the Stonehenge was linked to the stone; he in planning the monument. (hand)
很可能巨石陣的國王與這些石頭有關(guān):他可能對設(shè)計(jì)這座紀(jì)念碑起了作用。
解析 本題考查情態(tài)動詞表推測。may/might have done可能做過某事,因此本題答案是might have had a hand。
5. should/ought to have done 表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做,含有責(zé)備的意味。shoulnt/ought not to have done 表示過去本不應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上做了。
⑦You the conference yesterday, what was the reason for your absence? (come)
昨天你本該來開會,你缺席的原因是什么?
解析 本題考查虛擬語氣。Should have done 表示過去本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上沒有做,本題答案是 should have come to。endprint
6. neednt have done 表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。
⑧The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I to carry my umbrella with me. (take)
昨天的天氣很好。我本不需要那么麻煩帶上雨傘。
解析 本題考查虛擬語氣。neednt have done 表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上卻做了。本題答案是 neednt have take the trouble。
1. —Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.
—You it in the wrong place. (put)
—我的字典在哪里?我記得我昨天把它放在這兒。
—你可能把它放在不正確的地方了。
2. You a taxi here, for it was very near to my house. (take)
你本不需要在這打的,因?yàn)檫@里離我房子很近。
3. Linda told me that she cried a lot while she was living in the village alone. She a lot of hardships. (go)
琳達(dá)告訴我她獨(dú)自居住在村莊時經(jīng)??奁?。她一定經(jīng)受了許多困難。
4. Mr Black had known the truth of the car accident before you told him, so you , about it. (tell)
在你告訴布萊克先生之前,他已經(jīng)知道這次事故的真相。因此你沒有必要告訴他。
5. I saw Mr. Wang just now. He , Beijing. (go)
我剛才看見了汪老師。他不可能去了北京。
1. might have put
2. neednt have taken
3. must have gone through
4. neednt have told him
5. couldnt have gone to