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中考英語熱點考點歸納總結(jié)(一)

2014-08-20 03:29
關(guān)鍵詞:花費辨析主語

1. family, home和house

home, house, family這三個詞都有“家”的意思,但是含義上有所不同。

(1) home作名詞,指家庭成員在一起生活居住的地方,如:家、家鄉(xiāng)、本國,帶有感情色彩。

例如:

East or west, home is best.

His home is in Hunan.

They have a comfortable home.

(2) house作名詞,主要指建筑物、住宅、房子,不帶有感情色彩。

例如:

New houses are going up everywhere.

He is staying at his friends house.

(3) family作名詞,指家中成員或子女,如父母、子女、妻子、丈夫、兄妹等,一般不涉及房屋。但需注意:family意為“家庭”做主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);family意為“家人”做主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

例如:

How many people are there in Simons family?

His family is a happy family. Look!All his family are watching TV together now.

【中考鏈接】

Mr. Li regards Ningxia as his second _______ because he has been here for over twenty years. (2010寧夏)

A. family B. house

C. room D. home

【答案】 D

【解析】 home作名詞,指家鄉(xiāng)。

2. little, a little與few, a few

區(qū)別一:a little和little修飾或指代不可數(shù)名詞,與much相對;a few和few修飾或指代可數(shù)名詞與many相對。

區(qū)別二:a little和a few含肯定語氣, little和few含否定語氣。一般說來,在only, just, still, quite, not等詞后用a little或a few;在very, so, some, the, no等詞后用little或few。

【中考鏈接】

Wed better wait _______ more minutes. I think Jeff will come soon. (2011河北)

A. a few B. few

C. a little D. little

【答案】 A

【解析】 考查詞語辨析,minutes是可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),排除C和D;由Jeff will come soon可知:前句用肯定形式?!拔覀冏詈枚嗟葞追昼姟?,用a few more minutes表示。

3. join, take part in和attend

這幾個詞或短語都有“參加”的意思,但用法不同。

(1) join有兩個用法:

①指加入某個黨派、團體組織等,成為其成員之一,意為“參軍;入團;入黨”等。

例如:

When did your brother join the army? 你哥哥什么時候參軍的?

She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先隊。

②和某人一起做某事,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:join sb. in (doing) sth.,根據(jù)上下文,in (doing) sth. 也可以省去。

例如:

Will you join us in the discussion? 你參加我們的討論嗎?

Hell join us in singing the song. 他將和我們一起唱歌。

Were going to the East Lake Park on Sunday. Will you join us? 我們打算星期天去東湖公園。你跟我們一起去好嗎?

(2) join in多指參加小規(guī)模的活動,如“球賽、游戲”等,常用于日??谡Z。

例如:

Come along, and join in the ball game. 快,來參加球賽。

Why didnt you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你為什么沒參加座談?

(3) take part in 指參加會議或群眾性活動等,著重說明句子主語參加該項活動并在活動中發(fā)揮作用。

例如:

Well take part in social practice during the summer vacation. 暑假期間我們將參加社會實踐。

We often take part in physical labour. 我們經(jīng)常參加體力勞動。

(4) attend是正式用語,及物動詞,指參加會議、婚禮、葬禮、典禮等;去上課、上學(xué)、聽報告等。句子的主語只是去聽、去看,自己不一定起主導(dǎo)作用。

例如:

Hell attend an important meeting tomorrow. 他明天要參加一個重要的會議。endprint

I attended his lecture. 我聽了他的講課。

【中考鏈接】

Anyone who sings well can _______ the activity in our school. (2011陜西)

A. take part in B. take off

C. take out D. take care of

【答案】 A

【解析】 本題考查動詞詞組詞義的辨析。take part in“參加”;take off“起飛”;take out“取出;拿出”;take care of“照顧;照看”。句意為“任何歌唱得好的人都可以參加我們學(xué)校的這個活動”。故選A。

4. pay, spend, cost和take

(1) pay作動詞時意為“付錢;支付”,主語為人,后面可以接用來表示“人”的名詞或表示“錢”的數(shù)目;當表示“花錢買某物”時,常用sb. pay (some money) for (sth.) 結(jié)構(gòu)。

例如:

How soon can you pay me (for the work)?

I paid 200 dollars for the painting.

She tried to leave the shop without paying for the dress.

(2) 動詞spend意為“用(錢);花費;度過(時間)”,其主語通常為人,常用于sb. spend time / money (in) doing / on sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)中,意為“某人花費時間 / 金錢做某事”。

例如:

He spends half an hour (in) doing his homework every day.

They spend a lot of money in advertising.

(3) cost作動詞時也意為“花費”,但是它的主語只能是物,不能是人,其結(jié)構(gòu)為:sth. costs (sb.) money。有時指“付出……代價”。

例如:

The book costs me ten yuan.

—How much do these shoes cost?

—They cost 30 dollars.

(4) take表示“花費”時是指花費時間或金錢,句型為:It takes sb. + 時間 / 金錢 + to do sth. 意為“某人干某事花了多少時間 / 錢”。

例如:

It took me two hours to finish my homework.

It took me 300 yuan to buy this MP3.

【中考鏈接】

—Whats your plan for this weekend?

—Im going to ______ it with my

grandparents. (2011連云港)

A. cost B. spend C. give D. pay

【答案】 B

【解析】考查動詞的辨析。cost“值多少錢”,物作主語;spend“花費;度過”,人作主語;give“給某人某物”;pay“付款”,人作主語。排除A。句意:我打算跟我爺爺奶奶度過周末。故選B。

【中考鏈接】

I ______ some of my free time playing basketball for my school team. (2011天津)

A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay

【答案】 A

【解析】詞義辨析。這四個選項都有“花費”的意思,其中只有spend可用于spend time (in) doing sth. 題干中有playing,所以選擇A。

5. surprised與surprising

兩者都是形容詞,surprised意為“感到驚訝的”,通常修飾人,常見句型有:be surprised at sb. / sth., be surprised to do sth., be surprised that ...; surprising意為“令人驚訝的”,通常修飾物。

例如:

We were surprised at this news.

Im surprised to see you here.

Im surprised that he didnt come.

She made a surprising decision.

Its surprising that they lost the match.

類似以上區(qū)別的詞匯還有:interested與interesting; excited與exciting; disappointed與disappointing等。

【中考鏈接】

—We all like Miss Wang.

—I agree with you. She always makes her English classes ______. (2011福州中考)

A. interested B. interestendprint

C. interesting

【答案】 C

【解析】考查make + sb. / sth. + adj.的用法。句意:——我們都喜歡王老師。——我同意你的看法。她總是使她的英語課堂有趣。interested修飾人,而interesting則修飾物。故選C。

6. wear, put on, dress和have on

(1) wear意為“穿;戴”,表示穿的狀態(tài)。還可以用于“佩戴”裝飾品等。

例如:

She always wears sunglasses and a red dress.

(2) put on意為“穿上; 戴上”, 強調(diào)的是穿的動作。

例如:

Put on this coat. Its cold outside.

(3) dress也表示“穿衣服”,用法與結(jié)構(gòu)為:dress sb.“給某人穿衣服”;dress oneself “穿衣”,這兩種用法強調(diào)動作。be dressed in + 顏色,“穿……顏色的衣服”,強調(diào)狀態(tài);dress up“裝扮;打扮”。

例如:

The girl was dressed in white at the meeting.

(4)have on“穿戴”,強調(diào)狀態(tài)。此短語不能用于進行時態(tài)。

例如:

He always has on T-shirts.

【中考鏈接】

Most British high school children ______ uniforms at school. (2011山東濟寧)

A. wear B. dress

C. put on D. dress up

【答案】 A

【解析】詞匯辨析。wear“穿著”;put on “穿上”;dress“給……穿衣”;dress up“裝扮;打扮”,由句意“大多數(shù)英國中學(xué)生在學(xué)校穿校服”可知,用wear。故選A。

【中考鏈接】

Mary is used to _______ a T-shirt and jeans. (2011蘭州)

A. wear B. put on

C. wearing D. putting on

【答案】 C

【解析】詞義辨析。句意“瑪麗習(xí)慣于穿T恤衫和牛仔褲”,be used to doing sth.“習(xí)慣于做某事”,因此排除選項A、B,wear強調(diào)狀態(tài),put on強調(diào)動作,由句意可知此處表示狀態(tài),因此選C。

7. turn

turn意為“轉(zhuǎn)動;變?yōu)椤薄?/p>

例如:

Turn left at the second crossing and you will see the park.

The weather is turning cold.

與turn 相關(guān)的短語有:

turn over 翻轉(zhuǎn)

turn off 關(guān)掉;關(guān)上

turn on 打開

turn down 調(diào)?。ㄒ袅浚?/p>

turn up 調(diào)大(音量)

turn out 證明是;結(jié)果是;生產(chǎn)

turn to sb. 向某人求助

take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事

Its ones turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事

例如:

Lets take turns to be on duty.

If you turn over, you might find it easier to get to sleep.

Its my turn to clean the room.

【中考鏈接】

I can hardly hear what it is saying on TV. Would you please _______? (2011安徽)

A. turn it up B. turn it down

C. turn it on D. turn it off

【答案】 A

【解析】選A. turn up“調(diào)大”; turn down“調(diào)小”; turn on “打開”;turn off“關(guān)閉”。由前句“我?guī)缀趼牪灰婋娨曉谡f什么”可知,應(yīng)該是A項。

【中考鏈接】

Mike _______ his computer and checked his e-mail. (2010河北省卷)

A. turned on B. turned off

C. turned up D. turned down

【答案】 A

【解析】詞匯辨析題??创鸢杆膫€詞組的詞義,turned on “打開”,turned off“關(guān)掉”,turned up“調(diào)大音量”,turned down“調(diào)小音量”。句意為“Mike打開電腦,檢查他的e-mail.” 故選A。

8. other, another, the other, others和 the others

(1) other做形容詞,意為“(泛指)其余的;別的”。

例如:

Do you have any other questions?endprint

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