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抓住關(guān)鍵,以小見(jiàn)大

2014-07-28 23:59黃湘
廣東教育·高中 2014年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:閱讀文章談?wù)?/a>觀點(diǎn)

黃湘

在高考英語(yǔ)讀寫任務(wù)中爭(zhēng)取高分的關(guān)鍵是寫作的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)以及對(duì)話題觀點(diǎn)的見(jiàn)解。關(guān)于如何在考場(chǎng)中迅速聯(lián)想與話題相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn),筆者建議在讀寫任務(wù)中學(xué)會(huì)“抓住關(guān)鍵,以小見(jiàn)大”,即抓住閱讀材料中的關(guān)鍵詞,對(duì)此進(jìn)行放大并展開論述,快速聯(lián)想相關(guān)的觀點(diǎn),因?yàn)椤白x寫任務(wù)”的閱讀材料與考生的寫作任務(wù)一定有相關(guān)性,所以閱讀的材料可作為寫作的觀點(diǎn)素材的來(lái)源。但為了避免照抄原文從而導(dǎo)致失分,建議不要照搬一個(gè)句子或觀點(diǎn),而是抓住一些與寫作話題相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞或詞組,并進(jìn)行展開或改寫,成為我們自己的新觀點(diǎn)。本文將以2014年廣州一模讀寫任務(wù)為例,談?wù)勅绾巫プ£P(guān)鍵詞,發(fā)揮聯(lián)想觀點(diǎn)的能力。

寫作要點(diǎn)如下:以約120個(gè)詞就“節(jié)儉”的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕?,?nèi)容包括:(1) 對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō),節(jié)儉是什么?(2) 你認(rèn)為節(jié)儉是否重要?為什么?(3) 就生活中如何做到節(jié)儉提一些建議。以下是寫作指導(dǎo)建議:

第一步:抓住關(guān)鍵詞,聯(lián)想觀點(diǎn)。

抓住閱讀文章中與寫作要點(diǎn)相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞,如:

(Para. 1) never liked to waste money; living within my budget;

(Para. 2) throw away money on unnecessary things;

(Para. 3) deeply in debt; stressed about money;

(Para. 4) being smart with; enjoy ... to its fullest; love recycling, teaching ... about eco-friendly and responsible living

第二步:改寫關(guān)鍵詞,使之與原文不同。

寫作要點(diǎn)(1)“對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō),節(jié)儉是什么?” 可通過(guò)改寫關(guān)鍵詞waste, budget, unnecessary, to its fullest來(lái)完成:

I hold the opinion that thriftiness means taking our budget into consideration and making the best use of money, in which case we are able to avoid waste on unnecessary expenses.

寫作要點(diǎn)(2)“你認(rèn)為節(jié)儉是否重要?為什么?” 可通改寫關(guān)鍵詞deeply in debt;stressed about money,smart,eco-friendly, responsible完成:

Being thrifty is of great importance in our daily life. First, it enables us to set aside some money for future use. Second, it is wise/sensible of us to be economical so that we will not get into heavy debt or feel stressed about the financial problem. Furthermore, thriftiness allows us to live in harmony with our environment.

寫作要點(diǎn)(3)“就生活中如何做到節(jié)儉提一些建議”,可通過(guò)改寫關(guān)鍵詞recycling, teaching, eco-friendly, responsible完成:

In order to do our part, we are encouraged to buy products that are environmentally friendly. We can also recycle or reuse waste in our daily life, and more importantly, shouldering our responsibility to raise peoples awareness of contributing their effort in this way.

觀點(diǎn)的聯(lián)想能力需要靠日常的培養(yǎng)和鍛煉,學(xué)生還可以利用學(xué)習(xí)課文或平時(shí)閱讀的機(jī)會(huì),多注意積累一些話題的觀點(diǎn)。積累時(shí),只需要關(guān)注句子中的關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)。若原封不動(dòng)地摘抄,不利于記憶背誦。人教版第六模塊第四單元Global Warming的一篇閱讀文章(課文第30頁(yè))What can we do about global warming? 便有很多觀點(diǎn)可借用到本次考試的寫作的第(3)點(diǎn)——就生活中如何做到節(jié)儉提一些建議。首先,找出有助于寫作觀點(diǎn)的課文原句,劃線部分是改寫的關(guān)鍵:

(1)Its OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it – if not, turn it off!

(2) Motor vehicles use a lot of energy—so walk or ride a bike if you can.

(3) Recycle cans, bottles plastic bags and newspaper if circumstances allow you to.

(4) Get your parents to buy things that are economical with energy.

(5) Talk with your family and friends about global warming.endprint

接下來(lái)就是把課文原句歸納改寫為符合考場(chǎng)作文題目的文段:As for how to be economical in our daily life, we are supposed to turn off an electrical appliance when it is not used. Besides, it is suggested we walk or ride a bike instead of taking motor vehicles, which consume a lot of energy. Whats more, it is also a good idea to recycle cans and plastics bags and buy products that are friendly to our environment. Last but not least, we should arouse peoples awareness of the importance of being thrifty.

在考場(chǎng)中能夠做到“抓住關(guān)鍵、以小見(jiàn)大”并非可一蹴而就的,而是要靠在日常練習(xí)中多加訓(xùn)練。此外還建議:

1. 挖掘觀點(diǎn)。若考生平時(shí)沒(méi)有足夠時(shí)間完成完整的一篇任務(wù)寫作,建議可以在閱讀文章后,根據(jù)寫作要求作觀點(diǎn)聯(lián)想的訓(xùn)練。只有多加嘗試挖掘、放大合適的關(guān)鍵詞,才能提高這一方面的能力。再者,還建議閱讀作文的例文,積累例文中提到的、自己未曾想到的觀點(diǎn),以作日后相同話題的作文之用。此外,在閱讀英語(yǔ)文章時(shí),也不妨做個(gè)積累素材觀點(diǎn)的有心人,遇到某一陌生話題時(shí),可摘抄、模仿作者的見(jiàn)解,擴(kuò)大自己的知識(shí)面。

2. 整理觀點(diǎn)。建議學(xué)生根據(jù)話題積累、整理觀點(diǎn),以提高背誦、記憶的效率??偨Y(jié)研究,近幾年高考讀寫任務(wù),可簡(jiǎn)單分為學(xué)校、生活類(如2008年,談?wù)勀憷硐氲拇髮W(xué)生活;2011年,講述一次你或你的朋友想家的經(jīng);2012年,就老師影響學(xué)生的話題談?wù)勀愕南敕ǎ┖蜕鐣?huì)熱門類(如2009年,就“該不該禁止游客和動(dòng)物拍照”進(jìn)行議論;2010年對(duì)“用金錢鼓勵(lì)孩子學(xué)習(xí)的現(xiàn)象”進(jìn)行議論;2013年,談?wù)剬?duì)平凡工作的想法)。學(xué)生在日常積累時(shí)可有意識(shí)地把話題相同的觀點(diǎn)分類在一起,并合并相同觀點(diǎn),以精簡(jiǎn)內(nèi)容并方便記憶。

3. 潤(rùn)色觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)同一觀點(diǎn),若運(yùn)用不同的表達(dá),便體現(xiàn)不同的寫作水平。例如,在日常批改作文中,經(jīng)常有學(xué)生使用以下一些觀點(diǎn)。如(1)a/an +adj. +thing,如an interesting / important thing (2)learn more,(3)make our life more colorful, (4)make our society better。

若依次改寫為:(1)something +adj. (如something interesting / important等),(2)further ones study,(3)enrich our life或live a more fulfilling life,(4)build up a harmonious society。盡管意思差別不大,但可體現(xiàn)出較高的語(yǔ)言功底和能力。因此建議學(xué)生多閱讀地道的英語(yǔ)文章,加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)感,避免使用中文思維死板翻譯。

功夫不負(fù)有心人。若能在平時(shí)對(duì)話題觀點(diǎn)加以積累和利用,便可攻克任務(wù)寫作的難關(guān),爭(zhēng)取良好的評(píng)分印象。

(作者單位:廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué))

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint

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