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早期負荷劑量阿托伐他汀治療血脂正常的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死療效觀察

2014-07-18 12:09賈新未王艷飛
武警醫(yī)學(xué) 2014年7期
關(guān)鍵詞:鈣片性反應(yīng)阿托

張 晶,賈新未,王艷飛

早期負荷劑量阿托伐他汀治療血脂正常的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死療效觀察

張 晶,賈新未,王艷飛

目的探討早期應(yīng)用負荷劑量阿托伐他汀對血脂正常的急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死(non-ST-segment elevation acut myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)患者的臨床療效及安全性。方法將血脂正常的NSTEMI患者65例,隨機分為阿托伐他汀負荷劑量組(A組)33例及常規(guī)劑量組(B組)32例,A組給予阿托伐他汀鈣片40 mg/d,口服;B組給予阿托伐他汀鈣片20 mg/d,口服。分別于治療前及治療2周后測定血脂、高敏C-反應(yīng)蛋白(high-sensitivity C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)、血清脂聯(lián)素(adiponectin,APN)、肝功能,并且隨訪6個月,統(tǒng)計嚴重心血管不良事件(major adverse cardiovascular events,MACE)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果與常規(guī)劑量組比較,負荷劑量組的總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TCH)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、hs-CRP下降更明顯,APN較高,且兩組肝功能無明顯損害。6個月隨訪,負荷劑量組的MACE發(fā)生率少于常規(guī)劑量組。結(jié)論血脂正常的NSTEMI患者早期應(yīng)用負荷劑量阿托伐他汀鈣片可使炎性反應(yīng)明顯減輕,穩(wěn)定粥樣斑塊,并且改善預(yù)后。

急性非ST段抬高型心肌梗死;阿托伐他汀鈣片;高敏C反應(yīng)蛋白;血清脂聯(lián)素

急性冠脈綜合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是冠狀動脈粥樣硬化性心臟病最嚴重的一種類型,目前認為ACS發(fā)病的病理生理基礎(chǔ)為易損斑塊破裂、血小板聚集和血栓形成。炎性反應(yīng)在冠狀動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生、發(fā)展中起著重要作用,冠心病患者早期即出現(xiàn)內(nèi)皮功能損害[1]。近來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),他汀類藥物具有獨立于調(diào)脂作用以外的多效性作用[2],如抗炎、抗血小板聚集、抑制細胞增殖、改善血管內(nèi)皮功能等。本研究通過早期應(yīng)用負荷劑量阿托伐他汀治療血脂正常的NSTEMI患者,觀察治療前后血脂、hs-CRP、APN水平的變化,探討負荷劑量阿托伐他汀對穩(wěn)定斑塊、抗炎及改善預(yù)后的效果及安全性。

1 對象與方法

1.1 對象 選擇2012-01至2013-01在河北大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院心內(nèi)一科住院的血脂正常NSTEMI患者65例,所有病例均符合《不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛和非ST段抬高心肌梗死診斷標準》。男48例,女17例,年齡45~65歲,平均(58.6±6.2)歲。隨機分為阿托伐他汀負荷劑量組(A組)33例,常規(guī)劑量組(B組)32例,兩組在年齡、性別、血脂、吸煙比例、血壓水平、血糖水平方面比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 排除標準 急性感染患者,嚴重心力衰竭患者,肝腎功能不全者,近3個月有腦卒中病史者,有肌病者,有惡性腫瘤患者,自身免疫性疾病患者,服用非甾體類抗炎藥物、糖皮質(zhì)激素,以及入院4周內(nèi)服調(diào)脂藥物患者。

1.3 用藥方法 兩組均給予NSTEMI常規(guī)治療,A組給予阿托伐他汀鈣片40 mg,1次/d,口服;B組給予阿托伐他汀鈣片20 mg,1次/d,口服。兩組均服藥6個月。

1.4 觀察指標 兩組均于治療前測定血脂、hs-CRP、APN、肝功能、心肌酶水平,并于治療2周后復(fù)查;隨訪6個月,統(tǒng)計MACE發(fā)生率(包括再發(fā)心肌梗死、惡性心律失常、癥狀性心力衰竭、死亡)。測定血脂、心肌酶、hs-CRP,使用放射免疫分析法(RIA)測定APN。

2 結(jié) 果

2.1 治療前后血脂、hs-CRP、APN比較 兩組治療前血脂、hs-CRP、APN水平無差異,治療后TCH、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平均較治療前下降(P<0.05);A組較B組治療后TCH、LDL-C、hs-CRP水平下降明顯,APN升高更明顯,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表1)。

2.2 不良反應(yīng)比較 兩組患者服藥期間反應(yīng)良好,肝功能無明顯損害,未出現(xiàn)肌痛、肌炎及橫紋肌溶解現(xiàn)象。隨訪6個月,A組MACE發(fā)生率為15.1%,明顯低于B組34.4%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表2)。

3 討 論

冠狀動脈粥樣硬化斑塊是脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂、炎性反應(yīng)、血管內(nèi)皮損傷共同作用的結(jié)果[3]。此類斑塊的特點是纖維帽較薄,平滑肌細胞及膠原含量少,核心脂質(zhì)含量高,以及炎性反應(yīng)細胞浸潤多。他汀類藥物通過競爭性抑制肝臟三羥基-三甲基-戊二酰輔酶A還原酶阻斷TCH的合成,降低具有致動脈粥樣硬化作用的LDL-C。本研究表明,負荷劑量組能更好地降低血TCH、LDL-C,起到調(diào)脂、穩(wěn)定斑塊作用。

組別A組(n=33)B組(n=32)TCH(mmol/L) 治療前4.78±0.334.76±0.36 治療后4.15±0.36①②4.46±0.26①LDL?C(mmol/L) 治療前3.15±0.203.18±0.15 治療后2.16±0.29①②2.53±0.30①hs?CRP(mg/L) 治療前19.65±1.3319.32±2.59 治療后3.05±0.86①②6.18±1.03①APN(mg/L) 治療前6.866.99 治療后10.59①②8.36①

注:與治療前比較,①P<0.05;與B組治療后比較,②P<0.05

表2 兩組NSTEMI患者治療后發(fā)生MACE比較

hs-CRP是肝臟合成的一種非特異性的急性時相反應(yīng)蛋白,其水平增高是體內(nèi)存在炎性反應(yīng)的標志[4],可以由此來推測炎性反應(yīng)的嚴重程度,被認為是心血管風(fēng)險的獨立預(yù)測因子[5]。本研究證實,在NSTEMI患者應(yīng)用負荷量阿托伐他汀,能更有效地降低hs-CRP,減輕炎性反應(yīng)。

APN是一種由脂肪組織分泌的膠原樣蛋白,可能對血脂代謝產(chǎn)生一定的作用,目前國內(nèi)已有研究表明,APN與游離脂肪酸、空腹血糖、體重指數(shù)呈負相關(guān)[6]。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),健康志愿者血中富含APN[7]。國外有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),APN缺乏會增加血栓的發(fā)生和血小板的聚集[8]。本研究觀察到口服負荷劑量的他汀類藥物組較常規(guī)劑量組患者APN的水平更高,證明負荷劑量阿托伐他汀可增強其抗動脈粥樣、抗炎、促進脂肪代謝等作用。通過對65例NSTEMI患者6個月的隨訪,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn),早期服用負荷劑量他汀類藥物的患者,MACE的發(fā)生率明顯減少,這得益于他汀類藥物降脂、抗炎、改善內(nèi)皮功能、抗血小板聚集的多效性,與許多實驗結(jié)果一致[9,10]。

綜上所述,無論是否存在血脂異常,在NSTEMI早期應(yīng)用負荷劑量阿托伐他汀,可明顯減低hs-CRP水平,提高APN水平,減少嚴重心血管事件的發(fā)生,改善患者遠期預(yù)后,且無明顯肝功能損害及肌病發(fā)生,值得推廣應(yīng)用。

[1] Hsu H Y,Wang P Y,Chen Y T,etal. Changes in flow-mediated dilatation, cytokines and carotid arterial stenosis during aggressive atorvastatin treatment in normocholeste rolemic patients[J].J Chin med Assoc,2005,68(2):53-58.

[2] Lee J M,Choudhury R P.Prospects for atherosclerosis regression through increase in high-density lipoprotein and other emerging therapeutic targets[J].Heart,2007,93(5):559-564.

[3] Rauch U,Osende J I,Chesebro J H.Statins and cardiovascular diseases: the multiple effects lipid-lowing therepy by statins[J].Atheroaclerosis,2000,153(1):181-189.

[4] Kablak Z A,Przewlocki T,Sokolowski A,etal.Carotid intima-media thickness,hs-CRP and TNF-α are independently associated with cardiovascular event risk in patients with atherosclerotic occlusive diease[J].Atherosclerosis,2011,214(1):185-190.

[5] Ridker P M,Refai N,Rose L,etal.Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events[J].N Engl J Med,2002,347(20):1557-1565.

[6] Gao M,Ding D,Huang J,etal.Association of genetic variants in the adiponectin gene with metabolic syndrome:a case-control study and a systematic meta-analysis in the Chinese population[J].PLoS One,2013,8:e58412.

[7] Dastani Z,Hivert M F,Timpson N,etal.Novel loci for adiponectin levels and their influence on type2 diabetes and metabolic traits:a multi-ethnic mete-analysis of 45,891 individuals[J]. PloS Genet, 2012,8(3):e1002067.

[8] Kato H,Kashiwagi H,Shirage M,etal.Adiponectin acts as an endogenous antithrombotic factor[J].Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol,2006,26:224-230.

[9] 劉時武,丁世芳.他汀類藥物的非調(diào)脂作用[J].華南國防醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2008,22(2):63-65.

[10] 于 鑫,劉 斌, 魏路清,等.阿托伐他汀對博萊霉素誘導(dǎo)大鼠肺成纖維細胞MMP-9及TIMP-1表達影響[J]. 中國急救復(fù)蘇與災(zāi)害醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2012,7(12):1131-1136.

(2014-03-10收稿 2014-06-09修回)

(責(zé)任編輯 尤偉杰)

Earlyapplicationofloaddoseofatorvastationtopatientswithnon-ST-segmentelevationacutemyocardialinfarctionwithnornallipids

ZHANG Jing, JIA Xinwei, and WANG Yanfei. Department of cardiovascular medicine one, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China

ObjectiveTo ivsetigate the clinical effect and safety of early application of load dose of atorvastation to patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction with nornal lipids.MethodsA total of 65 patients who were diagnosed as having NSTEMI with nornal lipids were randomly divided into atorvastation load dose group (group A,n=33) and the conventional dose group (group B,n=32).Group A took 40 mg/d atorvastation in addition to routine treatment.Group B took 20 mg/d atorvastation.Blood lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)and adiponectin(APN) levels, and liver functions were measured before treatment and after 2 weeks of treatment.Patients were followed up for 6 months. The incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE) were observed.ResultsThe TCH,LDL-C and hs-CRP levels were decreased more obviously in group A after 2 weeks treatment (P<0.05).while the APN levels were increased more obviously in group A(P<0.05).Obvious liver dysfunctions were not found in both groups. After 6 months,the incidence of MACE was lower in group A than in group B.ConclusionsIn patients with NSTEMI, even with normal blood lipids,taking load dose of atorvastation early can reduce the inflammation response, improve the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque and improve the prognosis.

non-ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction;atorvastation;high-sensitivity C-reactive protein;adiponectin

張 晶,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,E-mail:zhangjing917@sina.com.cn

071000 保定,河北大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院心內(nèi)一科

R542.22

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